The Virtual Hospital: Procedure Simulators Increase Patient Safety &Training Efficiency

Pat Youngblood, PhDDirector of EvaluationSUMMIT - Stanford University Medical Media & Information TechnologiesStanford University School of Medicine

LapSim Basic Skills http://surgical-science.com

camera & instrument navigation; coordination; grasping; lifting, grasping & transfer; cutting, clip applying; suturing; precision & speed

Hysteroscopy Trainer –3rd generation system (2003)

Tasks • cannulation Skills • advance (endoscope) through endocervical canal

• exploration (Visual & • navigate, visualize endometrial cavity,Haptic) identify & palpate lesion

• resection (myoma) • hold endoscope proximally, extend loop distally, contact lesion, activate diathermy, retract loop to excise: repeat –

Metrics– % of the myoma resected– # perforations mechanical electrosurgical– timesec

Metrics– % of the myoma resected– # perforations mechanical electrosurgical– timesec

Learning Radiology in Simulated Environments*

• Develop a computer simulator for radiography• Determine how training in a “virtual”

environment affects learning

Terry S. Desser MD Parvati Dev PhD

Pat Youngblood PhDRobert Cheng, MS

Garry E. Gold MD, MSEE

Jan Ahlqvist DDS, PhDLars-Olof Häll

Leif Hedman PhDTor SöderströmPhD Magnus

Johansson Tore Nilsson DDS

*Sponsored by the

The Simulated Environment

• Designed as ceiling-mounted X-ray machine with point source of simulated X-rays

• “Detector” modeled as rectangular plane

• Virtual patient from real patient data

The Virtual Patient

– High resolution CT dataset of cervical spine– FOV 25 cm; Slice thickness 2.5 mm– Surface reconstruction: Amira 4.0 – Display: Transparent torso, visible skeleton

Simulator in Action

• Real-time computer simulation of radiography is feasible

• Can provide realistic practice for students without exposing patients or students to unnecessary radiation

• Future applications:GI radiology, angiography

Conclusion: Virtual Radiography

Comments & Questions?