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The Use Right of Forest Lands, Transferability & Management of Forests Ownership. XIE YI, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Forestry Economics the School of Economics and Management Beijing Forestry University. Background Structure of Forest Tenure in China - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Use Right of Forest Lands, Transferability & Management of
Forests Ownership
XIE YI, Ph.D.Associate ProfessorDepartment of Forestry Economicsthe School of Economics and ManagementBeijing Forestry University
Outline
Background
Structure of Forest Tenure in China
Transferability of Forest Tenure
Forest Tenure Market
Discussion
Background
. The New Phase of Collectively Owned
Forest Tenure Reform in China– Make the Property Right more Clear
– Alleviate the Burden of the Taxes
– Make the Management Flexible
Background
Make the Property Right more Clear
59.4%40.6%
Chart 1 : Percentage of Forest to be Distributed in National Wide
Source: (1)http://www.forestry.gov.cn/ZhuantiAction.do?dispatch=more&colid=1044&name=lqgg, 2010-6-11 (2)Field Survey on Jiangxi Forestry Administration Bureau, 2010-3-20
Chart 2 : Percentage of Forest to be Distributed in Jiangxi Province
82.5%
17.5%
Background
Alleviate the Burden of TaxesTypes Basic Price for Tax Collection Standard for Tax Collection
UnitBefore the
Reform
After the Reform
UnitBefore the
Reform
After the Reform
Special Agricultural Products Tax
yuan/m3 430 - % 8.4 0
Income Tax yuan/m3 430 - % 3 0
Fee for Fostering Forest yuan/m3 430 360 % 20 20
Fee for Quarantine yuan/m3 430 360 yuan/m3 2 2
Fee for Measuring Volume
yuan/m3 430 - yuan/m3 7 0
Fee collected at Township
and Village Levelyuan/m3 430 - yuan/m3 115 0
ChangeDropping from more than 65.13% to no higher than
20% of the market price of the timber
Background
New Problems outcome from the Reform– Small Scaled Forest Management
– Forest Lands Fragmentation
– Difficulties to Provide Public Service
– Non-willingness to Manage Forest
– Low Efficiency of Forest Resources
Allocation
Background
Forest transfer is badly needed for
improving forest allocation efficiencies
from the following aspects:– Scaled Management and Economic
Efficiency
– Opportunity for Social Capital Investing
Forest
– Enhancement of Income for Farmers
Outline
Background
Structure of Forest Tenure in China
Transferability of Forest Tenure
Forest Tenure Market
Discussion
Structure of Forest Tenure
Forest Tenure Cluster– Ownership
– Use Right
– Beneficial Right
Forest Type– National Forest
– Collective Forest nat i onal f orest col l ect i ve f orest
47%
53%
Chart 3 : Percentage of National Forest and Collective Forest
Structure of Forest Tenure
National Forest
Types Ownership Use Right Beneficial Right
Forestlands the Nation
-Central Government
the Nation
-Local Government
-Forest farm
the Nation
-Central Government
-Local Government
-Forest farm
Stumpages the Nation
-Central Government
the Nation
-Local Government
-Forest farm
the Nation
-Central Government
-Local Government
-Forest farm
Structure of Forest Tenure
Collective Forest
Types Ownership Use Right Beneficial Right
Forestlands the Collectively Economic Organization (Village Committee)
1.the Collective
2.the Private (Forestry Farmers, Enterprises)
1.the Collective
2.the Private (Forestry Farmers , Enterprises)
Stumpages 1.the Collective
2.the Private (Forestry Farmers, Enterprises)
1.the Collective
2.the Private (Forestry Farmers, Enterprises)
1.the Collective
2.the Private (Forestry Farmers, Enterprises)
Structure of Forest Tenure
Essence of Collective Forest Tenure
Reform– Ownership of the Forest lands being kept
unchanged.
– Use right of the Forest Lands, Ownership
and Use right of the Stumpages being
distributed to each farmer.
Outline
Background
Structure of Forest Tenure in China
Transferability of Forest Tenure
Forest Tenure Market
Discussion
Transferability of Forest Tenure
the Acts at National Level– Forest Act, 1984
– Contracting Act of Rural Land, 2002
– Property Right Act, 2004
the Bill at Provincial Level
-Rule on Forest Resource Transfer in Jiangxi
Province, 2004
Transferability of Forest Tenure
Stimulation on the Transfer– Forest Tenure Transfer Center at national,
regional and county levelNational Forest Tenure Transfer Center
426 Transfer Centers at County and City level
– Transfer Information Bulletin based on
Internet Technology
Transfer Centers System
the National Forest Tenure Transaction Institute
the Southern Forest Tenure Transaction Institute
the Provincial Forest Tenure Transaction Management Office
the Forest Tenure Transaction Institute at County Level
the National Level
the Regional Level
the Provincial Level
the County Level
Basic Information– http://www.chinaforest.com.cn/– Approved by the State Department in Sep.,
2009– Jointly Constructed by the State Forestry
Administration and the Beijing Municipality– Nationally Comprehensive Transaction and
Service for Forestry Production Factors and Resources
Transfer Information Release
Forest Resource Auction– 20 kg Tea Auction
– Carbon Emission Right
International
Cooperation– Incorporate Sino and
Foreign Enterprise
Transfer Center at County Level
Jointly funded and established by local , provincial and central governments.
Operated by local forestry administration bureau.
Provide services such as, forest tenure registration, certification endorsement on forest tenure, forest assets valuation, mortgage loan, transaction assistant…
Transfer Center at County Level
Service
Types
Administration
Agency
Tenure Registration
Permit for Transporting Timber
Release Market Information
Asset Valuation
Organize Auction and Bidding
Mortagage Loan
Forest Insurance
Transfer Information Bulletin
http://www.jxly.gov.cn/
http://www.smforestry.com/
Transferability of Forest Tenure
Regulation on the Transfer Procedure– Forest managed by the collective and
national forest must be valued before
transfer out.
– The above two types of transfer must be
conducted in the transfer centers.
– Qualification Assessment.
Transferability of Forest Tenure
Regulation on the Transfer Procedure– Categorized Approval Right to different
Level– Below 500 ha, county forestry
administration – 500-1000 ha, municipal forestry
administration– Above 1000 ha, provincial forestry
administration
Outline
Background
Structure of Forest Tenure in China
Transferability of Forest Tenure
Forest Tenure Market
Discussion
Forest Tenure Market
DestinationRegulation
Transferor
Transferee
Forest Tenure
Price Mechanism
Term
Mode
Market Operation
Forest Tenure Market
Transfer Types and Subjects– A, Distribution of Forest Managed by the
Collective into Each Farmer through
Household Contract
– B, Transfer of Forest Managed by the
Collective through Auction or Bidding
– C, Transfer of Forest Achieved by the Farmers
through Type A into other Bodies
Forest Tenure Market
Transfer Types and Subjects
Transfer by Nego-tiation and other ways
Transfer by Auction or Bidding
Distri-bued to each HH
Collec-tive Forest
Held by the collec-
tive
Other Subjects
The Collective being the subject to manage the forest lands
The Farmers being the subject of ownership of stumpages use right of land
B
CA
Forest Tenure Market
Transfer Types and Objects
Types Descriptions Mode
I Long-term Transfer of Use
right of Barren Land, not
keeping beneficial right after
the transfer
Auction, Bidding,
Negotiation
Long-term Transfer of Use
Right of Forest lands and
Ownership of Stumpages, not
keeping beneficial right after
the transfer
Forest Tenure Market
Transfer Types and Objects
Types Descriptions Mode
II Long-term Transfer of Use
right of Barren Land, keeping
beneficial right after the
transfer
Negotiation, ,
Joint-stock
Long-term Transfer of Use
Right of Forest lands and
Ownership of Stumpages,
keeping beneficial right after
the transfer
Forest Tenure Market
Transfer Types and Objects
Types Descriptions Mode
III Short-term Transfer of Use
Right of Forest lands and
Ownership of Stumpages,
keeping beneficial right after
the transfer
Auction, Bidding,
Negotiation—
Stumpage
Transfer
Forest Tenure Market
Price System
Barren
lands Price
Stumpages
Price
Arboreal
Bamboo
Barren
Lands
Arboreal
Bamboo
Economic
Long term transfer of use
right of forest lands, and
ownership of stumpages
Short term transfer of use
right of forest lands, and
ownership of stumpages
Long term transfer of use right
of forest lands
Short term transfer of use
right of forest lands
ownership of stumpages
Forested Lands Price
Forest Tenure Market
Price System for a Transfer Contracted for 30 years in 2006
Item Fir Forest (yuan/ha) Pine Forest (yuan/ha)
Bare land 150
Younger than 5 years old
6139.8 4760.3
Between 6 to 10 years old 9313.8 7471.2
Between 11 to 15 years old 14418.9 10713.3
Between 16 to 20 years old
20611.35 14701.2
Older than 20 years old
26767.8 17450.4
Forest Tenure Market
Circulation Transferor (Farmers)
Transferee
AgencyRelatives&
Friend
Valuation
Transfer Center
Re-register Subject of Forest Tenure
Informal Transfer
Formal Transfer
Forest Tenure Market
Process in the Transfer Center
Forest Tenure Market
Process in the Transfer Center
Forest Tenure Market
Comparative Analysis on these two Transfer
Item The Informal Transfer The Formal Transfer
Time Needed No more than 10 days In about 45 working days
Transaction Cost Nearly equal to zero Fee for transaction,
valuation, accommodation Revenue Less for Lower Price More for Higher Price
Guarantee to the Stakeholder
Partially Completely
Applicability Small Scaled Manager Middle and Large Scaled Manager
Service Gained None Forest Insurance, Loan
Outline
Background
Structure of Forest Tenure in China
Transferability of Forest Tenure
Forest Tenure Market
Discussion
Discussion
Level of Development of the Market– Low transfer occurrence rate from statistic
data
– Active transfer among farmers in the rural
area
– Underground v.s. on the ground
Discussion
Item Transfer Area Forest Area Collective Forest Area Percentage1 Percentage2
unit Ha Ha Ha % %
Province 43525 10626466 6808424.3 0.41 0.64
NC 0 740132 126908.3 0 0
JDZ 3324 524790 291465.7 0.63 1.14
PX 40 382699 136509.7 0.01 0.03
JJ 3776 1882324 869999.2 0.20 0.43
XY 0 316367 143553.0 0 0
YT 74 355425 156387.7 0.02 0.05
GZ 8477 3937964 1430162.9 0.22 0. 59
JA 11348 2527107 1197793.0 0.45 0. 95
YC 14297 1867057 696490.8 0.77 2.05
FZ 1650 1881692 898157.5 0.09 0. 18
SR 539 2279098 885864.3 0.02 0.06
Transfer Occurrence Rate of Forest Land and Stumpage in Jiangxi Province and 11 Municipalities from Year 2004 to 2007
Discussion
Characteristics of Transferee– Forest lands
Private Forest Farm
Joint-stock Forest Farm
Forest Management Enterprise
– StumpagesBusinessmen
Discussion
Factors affecting farmers’ transfer out
behavior– Understanding on the logging quota system
– Understanding on the transfer institution
– Proportion of Non-forestry Income
– Amounts of children being in school
Discussion
SWOT analysis on the Transfer Center
Discussion
Assessment on the transfer institution– Being functional to avoid new property
right conflicts
– Stimulation on the transfer occurrence
– The government share some costs
– No pay enough attention on the small scaled
transferors
Discussion
Policy
Stimulation
&
Standardi-zation
Institutional Reform
Transferring Institution
Logging Institution
Perfecting Management
The FFC
Developing AgencyMarketing
Mechanism
Farmers Cooperation
Thanks you for you attention.
Any question is welcome.