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The use of embedded poll questions as a tool for assessing research integrity training and climate 6 th World Conference on Research Integrity, Hong Kong 3 June 2019 Nicholas H. Steneck, PhD, Lead Advisor for RI, Epigeum History, University of Michigan, US Thomas VanValey, PhD, Sociology, Western Michigan University, US Susan O’Brien, PhD, The University of Queensland, AU

The use of embedded poll questions as a tool for assessing ... · The use of embedded poll questions as a tool for assessing research integrity training and climate 6th World Conference

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Page 1: The use of embedded poll questions as a tool for assessing ... · The use of embedded poll questions as a tool for assessing research integrity training and climate 6th World Conference

The use of embedded poll questions as a tool for assessing research integrity training and climate

6th World Conference on Research Integrity, Hong Kong

3 June 2019

Nicholas H. Steneck, PhD,Lead Advisor for RI, Epigeum

History, University of Michigan, US

Thomas VanValey, PhD, Sociology, Western Michigan University, US

Susan O’Brien, PhD, The University of Queensland, AU

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Background

Later expanded to provide information on:

Knowledge and confidence Integrity Climate

Initial purpose, engaged learning

What do you think? What do others think?

Poll questions ‐ pedagogical tool developed as part of Epigeum 2012 RI course

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Structure of Epigeum RI training

• Three versions:  International/ US / Australian• 5 tracks: Arts / Biomed / Engin / Nat. Sci / Soc. Sci• 20 questions• Database, ca. 40,000 learners

VLE basic RI/RCR course with poll questions

• Basic RI/RCR course, as above• Concise RI/RCR course• 30‐45 questions, depending on version• Database, ca. 10,000 learners

Hosted RI/RCR courses with “impact questions”

Some questions asked in both systems

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Pedagogy

Summarized/Conclude

Illustrate / Engage

Present lesson

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Example: 

Lesson:  As this question shows, there is not one 'best' option in this case –nor even any particularly good options. The best solution is to avoid 

situations such as this in the first place….

Lesson:Responsibilities can be complex Video:  Personal Example

Poll Question:If a co‐author on one of your papers was found to have plagiarized a few sentences and the paper had to be retracted, would you still list it on your CV/resume?

a) Yes, I did nothing wrongb) Yes, but I would mention the 

retractionc) No, and I would not mention the 

retraction

Results

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Results by field:

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Yes

 Yes but

 No

Listing retracted article on CV/resume

Average AR BI EN NS SS

N=41,071

Engineering least transparent

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Observations:

•Have not directly measured impact on learning• Participation is related to relevance 

•☛Lower participation for safety, humans and animals polls

• Poll participation about 50% at end of course

Pedagogy:

•Poll questions potentially provide valuable information about learners:

• Training challenges• Learner confidence and perceptions of climate• Researcher behavior

Research Integrity:

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Training assessment

Supervisors and mentors should routinely be listed as authors on papers published under their supervision, even if they made no significant contribution to the research reported in the publication

If a researcher has concerns that a colleague may have engaged in improper research behavior, it is best to raise those concerns with the colleague first before contacting the colleague's supervisor or an institutional research integrity official.

Pre‐/Post Test Questions

True / False / No opinion

Response:  

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75%

18%

7%

55%

39%

6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

True False Uncertain

Reporting misbehavior

Pre‐test Post‐text (N=15.088/7,938)

29%

57%

14%17%

77%

6%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

True False Uncertain

Listing supervisor as author

Pre‐test Post‐text (N = 15,007 / 7947)

Results:• Positive:

20% improvement in responses

• Negative: 17% would still list supervisor as author even if did not contribute to research

55% would talk with suspected colleague before contacting institutional official

• Lessons: Some points are more difficult to teach than others

Widely accepted beliefs difficult to change

Self‐interest is important

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Confidence

• Learners generally are confident they know their responsibilities: Less than 10% not confident across  nine areas of responsibility

• Most are probably overconfident: Beginning course poll question:

• 34.5% Confident or reasonably confident they understand responsibility to report misbehavior

• 63.1% somewhat confident 

Pre‐course question:• 75% would report suspicions 

first to person suspected

• Lessons:  Overconfidence probably undermines commitment to training

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Integrity & climate• How often do you / colleagues follow basic principles?

AR

EN

SI

SO

BI

You (N=35,194)

Integrity

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

AR

EN

SI

SO

BI

Colleagues (N=35,989)

Clim

ate

Responsible

Questionable

Misconduct?

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Integrity & climate observations

• Results similar to other studies1‐2% “sometimes” or worseCa. 50% report “most of the time”

• Question: is "most of the time" good enough?

Standards for integrity could be raised

Ca. 10% sometimes or worseOnly 20% “all of the time

Low perception of standards adopted by others

Integrity & climate vary by country and field

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Integrity ~ Follow basic principles

• Observation:  Country differences appear greater than field differences

Average #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8

By country (N=35,194)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Average AR BI EN NS SS

By field (N=35,194)

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Conclusions

• Further work is needed to confirm

Embedded poll questions combined with other questions in online courses could improve quality of training:

• Measure learning and assess confidence• Assess climate and integrity

Embedded poll questions can provide information need to develop effective research integrity programs::

• Develop tools for presenting results• Provide information at unit and department level

Next steps:

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[email protected]

For more information