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INTRODUCTION TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
The Upper Limbs
OVERVIEW
Histology of Bone Tissue Bone Function and Structure Bone Growth & Development Joints The Axial Skeleton The Pectoral Girdle The Upper Limbs The Pelvic Girdle The Lower Limbs
SOME NUMBERS…
22 bones in skull 6 in middle ears 1 hyoid bone 26 in vertebral column 25 in thoracic cage
4 in pectoral girdle 60 in upper limbs 60 in lower limbs 2 in pelvic girdle
206 bones in all
THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON
THE UPPER LIMBS
Structures (bones): Totals Humerus (upper arm): 1 in each arm 2 Ulna and Radius (forearm): 2 in each arm 4 Carpals (wrist): 8 in each arm 16 Metacarpals (hands): 5 in each arm 10 Phalanges (fingers): 14 in each arm 28 .Total Number of Bones 60
THE UPPER LIMBS
Function: Attachment sites for muscles of the arms
and hands
THE UPPER LIMBS
Joints of the Upper Arms: No point of connection to axial skeletal system
Has all types of freely-movable joints: Saddle: carpal and metacarpal bones of thumb
Ball and socket: shoulder
Pivot- rotation only: proximal end of radius and ulna
Hinge- up and down movement in one plane: elbow
Gliding- sliding and twisting: wrist
Condyloid- movement in different planes but not rotations: between metacarpals and phalanges
THE UPPER LIMBS
THE UPPER LIMBS
THE UPPER LIMBS
THE UPPER LIMBS
SUMMARY
Histology of Bone Tissue Bone Function and Structure Bone Growth & Development Joints The Axial Skeleton The Pectoral Girdle The Upper Limbs The Pelvic Girdle The Lower Limbs