Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Untapped Potential of Plant Microbiomes in
Agriculture
Jan E Leach
Colorado State University American Society of Plant Biologists American Phytopathological Society
Plant Microbiomes Assemblages of microbes living in on
and around plants
Hirsch amp Mauchline Nature Biotech 2012
Plant microbiomes are components of Phytobiomes
all organisms living in on and around plants microbes animals other plants
the Environment
Phytobiomes initiative focused on agriculture
Safety
Nutrition
Plant and their microbiomes are partners for LIFE
bull Plant microbiomes can influence or be influenced by plants or the plant environment
bull How can that relationship be tapped to improve crop health safety quality and productivity
Health
Productivity
Quality
Why now bull Advances in systems-level approaches
ndash High-throughput sequencing ndash Metagenomics amp other lsquo-omics technologies ndash Data sciences (data mining predictive analytics hellip) ndash Computer science (machine learning image processing and
graphics hellip)
bull Human microbiome discoveries ndash Conserved patterns despite variation ndash Strength of longitudinal vs cross-sectional studies ndash Unexpected impacts on the host ndash Successful translation to treatments (fecal transplants
probiotics)
bull International microbiomes attention ndash OSTP process (NSTC report out SOON) ndash Unified Initiative (Science Nature)
bull Management strategies in agriculture ndash Precision Ag ndash Decision support systems
When Gut Bacteria
Changes Brain
Function ldquohellip the microbiome
may play a role in
regulating how people
think and feelrdquo
David Kohn The Atlantic
June 24 2015 Chick-fil-a
Lessons from the human microbiome
Sample collection
Community DNA extraction
Amplicon sequencing
Metagenome sequencing
PCR amplify (16S-18S rRNA ITS
cpn60)
Community RNA protein metabolite extraction
Meta- transcriptome
sequencing
Metaproteome analysis
Metabolome analysis
Community activity Community function
Species (taxa) number abundance
composition
ldquoWhat can they dordquo ldquoWhat are they doingrdquo ldquoWho is thererdquo
How do we assess microbiomes
Ottesen et al 2013 BMC Microbiology
Census of the microbial communities on distinct tissues of tomato
Who is there
Bacterial amp fungal
communities itrsquos complex
Do plants control their microbiome
composition
bull DNA from microbes in the seed rhizosphere and endophytic compartments and soils
bull amplicon sequencing
Johnston-Montje et al BMC Plant Biol 2014 Lundberg et al Nature 2012 Bulgarelli et al Nature 2012 Hirsch et al Nature Biotech 2012 And others
Plants can select microbiome
bull Plant genotype ndashdependent selection fine-tunes the internalized microbial community profiles
bull Plants can transmit bacterial endophytes from generation to generation through seed
Lundberg Nature 2012 Bulgarelli Nature 2012
Traditional Modern
bull Can we breed plants that select for a beneficial microbiome
bull Have we inadvertently selected against plant traits that help support beneficial microbes by breeding for high yield under conditions of high inputs and soil tillage
bull What is the potential for identifying new more successful biocontrol agents
Applications
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Plant Microbiomes Assemblages of microbes living in on
and around plants
Hirsch amp Mauchline Nature Biotech 2012
Plant microbiomes are components of Phytobiomes
all organisms living in on and around plants microbes animals other plants
the Environment
Phytobiomes initiative focused on agriculture
Safety
Nutrition
Plant and their microbiomes are partners for LIFE
bull Plant microbiomes can influence or be influenced by plants or the plant environment
bull How can that relationship be tapped to improve crop health safety quality and productivity
Health
Productivity
Quality
Why now bull Advances in systems-level approaches
ndash High-throughput sequencing ndash Metagenomics amp other lsquo-omics technologies ndash Data sciences (data mining predictive analytics hellip) ndash Computer science (machine learning image processing and
graphics hellip)
bull Human microbiome discoveries ndash Conserved patterns despite variation ndash Strength of longitudinal vs cross-sectional studies ndash Unexpected impacts on the host ndash Successful translation to treatments (fecal transplants
probiotics)
bull International microbiomes attention ndash OSTP process (NSTC report out SOON) ndash Unified Initiative (Science Nature)
bull Management strategies in agriculture ndash Precision Ag ndash Decision support systems
When Gut Bacteria
Changes Brain
Function ldquohellip the microbiome
may play a role in
regulating how people
think and feelrdquo
David Kohn The Atlantic
June 24 2015 Chick-fil-a
Lessons from the human microbiome
Sample collection
Community DNA extraction
Amplicon sequencing
Metagenome sequencing
PCR amplify (16S-18S rRNA ITS
cpn60)
Community RNA protein metabolite extraction
Meta- transcriptome
sequencing
Metaproteome analysis
Metabolome analysis
Community activity Community function
Species (taxa) number abundance
composition
ldquoWhat can they dordquo ldquoWhat are they doingrdquo ldquoWho is thererdquo
How do we assess microbiomes
Ottesen et al 2013 BMC Microbiology
Census of the microbial communities on distinct tissues of tomato
Who is there
Bacterial amp fungal
communities itrsquos complex
Do plants control their microbiome
composition
bull DNA from microbes in the seed rhizosphere and endophytic compartments and soils
bull amplicon sequencing
Johnston-Montje et al BMC Plant Biol 2014 Lundberg et al Nature 2012 Bulgarelli et al Nature 2012 Hirsch et al Nature Biotech 2012 And others
Plants can select microbiome
bull Plant genotype ndashdependent selection fine-tunes the internalized microbial community profiles
bull Plants can transmit bacterial endophytes from generation to generation through seed
Lundberg Nature 2012 Bulgarelli Nature 2012
Traditional Modern
bull Can we breed plants that select for a beneficial microbiome
bull Have we inadvertently selected against plant traits that help support beneficial microbes by breeding for high yield under conditions of high inputs and soil tillage
bull What is the potential for identifying new more successful biocontrol agents
Applications
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Plant microbiomes are components of Phytobiomes
all organisms living in on and around plants microbes animals other plants
the Environment
Phytobiomes initiative focused on agriculture
Safety
Nutrition
Plant and their microbiomes are partners for LIFE
bull Plant microbiomes can influence or be influenced by plants or the plant environment
bull How can that relationship be tapped to improve crop health safety quality and productivity
Health
Productivity
Quality
Why now bull Advances in systems-level approaches
ndash High-throughput sequencing ndash Metagenomics amp other lsquo-omics technologies ndash Data sciences (data mining predictive analytics hellip) ndash Computer science (machine learning image processing and
graphics hellip)
bull Human microbiome discoveries ndash Conserved patterns despite variation ndash Strength of longitudinal vs cross-sectional studies ndash Unexpected impacts on the host ndash Successful translation to treatments (fecal transplants
probiotics)
bull International microbiomes attention ndash OSTP process (NSTC report out SOON) ndash Unified Initiative (Science Nature)
bull Management strategies in agriculture ndash Precision Ag ndash Decision support systems
When Gut Bacteria
Changes Brain
Function ldquohellip the microbiome
may play a role in
regulating how people
think and feelrdquo
David Kohn The Atlantic
June 24 2015 Chick-fil-a
Lessons from the human microbiome
Sample collection
Community DNA extraction
Amplicon sequencing
Metagenome sequencing
PCR amplify (16S-18S rRNA ITS
cpn60)
Community RNA protein metabolite extraction
Meta- transcriptome
sequencing
Metaproteome analysis
Metabolome analysis
Community activity Community function
Species (taxa) number abundance
composition
ldquoWhat can they dordquo ldquoWhat are they doingrdquo ldquoWho is thererdquo
How do we assess microbiomes
Ottesen et al 2013 BMC Microbiology
Census of the microbial communities on distinct tissues of tomato
Who is there
Bacterial amp fungal
communities itrsquos complex
Do plants control their microbiome
composition
bull DNA from microbes in the seed rhizosphere and endophytic compartments and soils
bull amplicon sequencing
Johnston-Montje et al BMC Plant Biol 2014 Lundberg et al Nature 2012 Bulgarelli et al Nature 2012 Hirsch et al Nature Biotech 2012 And others
Plants can select microbiome
bull Plant genotype ndashdependent selection fine-tunes the internalized microbial community profiles
bull Plants can transmit bacterial endophytes from generation to generation through seed
Lundberg Nature 2012 Bulgarelli Nature 2012
Traditional Modern
bull Can we breed plants that select for a beneficial microbiome
bull Have we inadvertently selected against plant traits that help support beneficial microbes by breeding for high yield under conditions of high inputs and soil tillage
bull What is the potential for identifying new more successful biocontrol agents
Applications
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Safety
Nutrition
Plant and their microbiomes are partners for LIFE
bull Plant microbiomes can influence or be influenced by plants or the plant environment
bull How can that relationship be tapped to improve crop health safety quality and productivity
Health
Productivity
Quality
Why now bull Advances in systems-level approaches
ndash High-throughput sequencing ndash Metagenomics amp other lsquo-omics technologies ndash Data sciences (data mining predictive analytics hellip) ndash Computer science (machine learning image processing and
graphics hellip)
bull Human microbiome discoveries ndash Conserved patterns despite variation ndash Strength of longitudinal vs cross-sectional studies ndash Unexpected impacts on the host ndash Successful translation to treatments (fecal transplants
probiotics)
bull International microbiomes attention ndash OSTP process (NSTC report out SOON) ndash Unified Initiative (Science Nature)
bull Management strategies in agriculture ndash Precision Ag ndash Decision support systems
When Gut Bacteria
Changes Brain
Function ldquohellip the microbiome
may play a role in
regulating how people
think and feelrdquo
David Kohn The Atlantic
June 24 2015 Chick-fil-a
Lessons from the human microbiome
Sample collection
Community DNA extraction
Amplicon sequencing
Metagenome sequencing
PCR amplify (16S-18S rRNA ITS
cpn60)
Community RNA protein metabolite extraction
Meta- transcriptome
sequencing
Metaproteome analysis
Metabolome analysis
Community activity Community function
Species (taxa) number abundance
composition
ldquoWhat can they dordquo ldquoWhat are they doingrdquo ldquoWho is thererdquo
How do we assess microbiomes
Ottesen et al 2013 BMC Microbiology
Census of the microbial communities on distinct tissues of tomato
Who is there
Bacterial amp fungal
communities itrsquos complex
Do plants control their microbiome
composition
bull DNA from microbes in the seed rhizosphere and endophytic compartments and soils
bull amplicon sequencing
Johnston-Montje et al BMC Plant Biol 2014 Lundberg et al Nature 2012 Bulgarelli et al Nature 2012 Hirsch et al Nature Biotech 2012 And others
Plants can select microbiome
bull Plant genotype ndashdependent selection fine-tunes the internalized microbial community profiles
bull Plants can transmit bacterial endophytes from generation to generation through seed
Lundberg Nature 2012 Bulgarelli Nature 2012
Traditional Modern
bull Can we breed plants that select for a beneficial microbiome
bull Have we inadvertently selected against plant traits that help support beneficial microbes by breeding for high yield under conditions of high inputs and soil tillage
bull What is the potential for identifying new more successful biocontrol agents
Applications
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Why now bull Advances in systems-level approaches
ndash High-throughput sequencing ndash Metagenomics amp other lsquo-omics technologies ndash Data sciences (data mining predictive analytics hellip) ndash Computer science (machine learning image processing and
graphics hellip)
bull Human microbiome discoveries ndash Conserved patterns despite variation ndash Strength of longitudinal vs cross-sectional studies ndash Unexpected impacts on the host ndash Successful translation to treatments (fecal transplants
probiotics)
bull International microbiomes attention ndash OSTP process (NSTC report out SOON) ndash Unified Initiative (Science Nature)
bull Management strategies in agriculture ndash Precision Ag ndash Decision support systems
When Gut Bacteria
Changes Brain
Function ldquohellip the microbiome
may play a role in
regulating how people
think and feelrdquo
David Kohn The Atlantic
June 24 2015 Chick-fil-a
Lessons from the human microbiome
Sample collection
Community DNA extraction
Amplicon sequencing
Metagenome sequencing
PCR amplify (16S-18S rRNA ITS
cpn60)
Community RNA protein metabolite extraction
Meta- transcriptome
sequencing
Metaproteome analysis
Metabolome analysis
Community activity Community function
Species (taxa) number abundance
composition
ldquoWhat can they dordquo ldquoWhat are they doingrdquo ldquoWho is thererdquo
How do we assess microbiomes
Ottesen et al 2013 BMC Microbiology
Census of the microbial communities on distinct tissues of tomato
Who is there
Bacterial amp fungal
communities itrsquos complex
Do plants control their microbiome
composition
bull DNA from microbes in the seed rhizosphere and endophytic compartments and soils
bull amplicon sequencing
Johnston-Montje et al BMC Plant Biol 2014 Lundberg et al Nature 2012 Bulgarelli et al Nature 2012 Hirsch et al Nature Biotech 2012 And others
Plants can select microbiome
bull Plant genotype ndashdependent selection fine-tunes the internalized microbial community profiles
bull Plants can transmit bacterial endophytes from generation to generation through seed
Lundberg Nature 2012 Bulgarelli Nature 2012
Traditional Modern
bull Can we breed plants that select for a beneficial microbiome
bull Have we inadvertently selected against plant traits that help support beneficial microbes by breeding for high yield under conditions of high inputs and soil tillage
bull What is the potential for identifying new more successful biocontrol agents
Applications
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
When Gut Bacteria
Changes Brain
Function ldquohellip the microbiome
may play a role in
regulating how people
think and feelrdquo
David Kohn The Atlantic
June 24 2015 Chick-fil-a
Lessons from the human microbiome
Sample collection
Community DNA extraction
Amplicon sequencing
Metagenome sequencing
PCR amplify (16S-18S rRNA ITS
cpn60)
Community RNA protein metabolite extraction
Meta- transcriptome
sequencing
Metaproteome analysis
Metabolome analysis
Community activity Community function
Species (taxa) number abundance
composition
ldquoWhat can they dordquo ldquoWhat are they doingrdquo ldquoWho is thererdquo
How do we assess microbiomes
Ottesen et al 2013 BMC Microbiology
Census of the microbial communities on distinct tissues of tomato
Who is there
Bacterial amp fungal
communities itrsquos complex
Do plants control their microbiome
composition
bull DNA from microbes in the seed rhizosphere and endophytic compartments and soils
bull amplicon sequencing
Johnston-Montje et al BMC Plant Biol 2014 Lundberg et al Nature 2012 Bulgarelli et al Nature 2012 Hirsch et al Nature Biotech 2012 And others
Plants can select microbiome
bull Plant genotype ndashdependent selection fine-tunes the internalized microbial community profiles
bull Plants can transmit bacterial endophytes from generation to generation through seed
Lundberg Nature 2012 Bulgarelli Nature 2012
Traditional Modern
bull Can we breed plants that select for a beneficial microbiome
bull Have we inadvertently selected against plant traits that help support beneficial microbes by breeding for high yield under conditions of high inputs and soil tillage
bull What is the potential for identifying new more successful biocontrol agents
Applications
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Sample collection
Community DNA extraction
Amplicon sequencing
Metagenome sequencing
PCR amplify (16S-18S rRNA ITS
cpn60)
Community RNA protein metabolite extraction
Meta- transcriptome
sequencing
Metaproteome analysis
Metabolome analysis
Community activity Community function
Species (taxa) number abundance
composition
ldquoWhat can they dordquo ldquoWhat are they doingrdquo ldquoWho is thererdquo
How do we assess microbiomes
Ottesen et al 2013 BMC Microbiology
Census of the microbial communities on distinct tissues of tomato
Who is there
Bacterial amp fungal
communities itrsquos complex
Do plants control their microbiome
composition
bull DNA from microbes in the seed rhizosphere and endophytic compartments and soils
bull amplicon sequencing
Johnston-Montje et al BMC Plant Biol 2014 Lundberg et al Nature 2012 Bulgarelli et al Nature 2012 Hirsch et al Nature Biotech 2012 And others
Plants can select microbiome
bull Plant genotype ndashdependent selection fine-tunes the internalized microbial community profiles
bull Plants can transmit bacterial endophytes from generation to generation through seed
Lundberg Nature 2012 Bulgarelli Nature 2012
Traditional Modern
bull Can we breed plants that select for a beneficial microbiome
bull Have we inadvertently selected against plant traits that help support beneficial microbes by breeding for high yield under conditions of high inputs and soil tillage
bull What is the potential for identifying new more successful biocontrol agents
Applications
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Ottesen et al 2013 BMC Microbiology
Census of the microbial communities on distinct tissues of tomato
Who is there
Bacterial amp fungal
communities itrsquos complex
Do plants control their microbiome
composition
bull DNA from microbes in the seed rhizosphere and endophytic compartments and soils
bull amplicon sequencing
Johnston-Montje et al BMC Plant Biol 2014 Lundberg et al Nature 2012 Bulgarelli et al Nature 2012 Hirsch et al Nature Biotech 2012 And others
Plants can select microbiome
bull Plant genotype ndashdependent selection fine-tunes the internalized microbial community profiles
bull Plants can transmit bacterial endophytes from generation to generation through seed
Lundberg Nature 2012 Bulgarelli Nature 2012
Traditional Modern
bull Can we breed plants that select for a beneficial microbiome
bull Have we inadvertently selected against plant traits that help support beneficial microbes by breeding for high yield under conditions of high inputs and soil tillage
bull What is the potential for identifying new more successful biocontrol agents
Applications
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Do plants control their microbiome
composition
bull DNA from microbes in the seed rhizosphere and endophytic compartments and soils
bull amplicon sequencing
Johnston-Montje et al BMC Plant Biol 2014 Lundberg et al Nature 2012 Bulgarelli et al Nature 2012 Hirsch et al Nature Biotech 2012 And others
Plants can select microbiome
bull Plant genotype ndashdependent selection fine-tunes the internalized microbial community profiles
bull Plants can transmit bacterial endophytes from generation to generation through seed
Lundberg Nature 2012 Bulgarelli Nature 2012
Traditional Modern
bull Can we breed plants that select for a beneficial microbiome
bull Have we inadvertently selected against plant traits that help support beneficial microbes by breeding for high yield under conditions of high inputs and soil tillage
bull What is the potential for identifying new more successful biocontrol agents
Applications
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Plants can select microbiome
bull Plant genotype ndashdependent selection fine-tunes the internalized microbial community profiles
bull Plants can transmit bacterial endophytes from generation to generation through seed
Lundberg Nature 2012 Bulgarelli Nature 2012
Traditional Modern
bull Can we breed plants that select for a beneficial microbiome
bull Have we inadvertently selected against plant traits that help support beneficial microbes by breeding for high yield under conditions of high inputs and soil tillage
bull What is the potential for identifying new more successful biocontrol agents
Applications
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Traditional Modern
bull Can we breed plants that select for a beneficial microbiome
bull Have we inadvertently selected against plant traits that help support beneficial microbes by breeding for high yield under conditions of high inputs and soil tillage
bull What is the potential for identifying new more successful biocontrol agents
Applications
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Healthy trees
Infected trees
bullRhizosphere microbiome on trees with citrus greening are different from those on uninfected trees
Disease is associated with shifts in the microbiome composition
Microbiome shifts diagnostic for disease
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J 6363
Influence of disease on microbiomes
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Microbiome function provides insights into mechanismsconsequences of disease
bull Functional shift away from use of easily degraded carbon sources to more recalcitrant forms
ndashconsistent with carbohydrate repartitioning during citrus greening disease ( photosynthate to rootshellip)
Trivedi et al 2012 ISME J
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Plants are subject to infection by diverse microbial pathogens as well as herbivory by insect and nematode pests
Microbiomes can protect plants against pathogenspests
Microbial communities in soils can suppress diseases
Mendes et al 2011
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Microbes reduce effects of drought flooding amp salinity
Dimkpa 2009 Plant Cell Environ 321682
Microbes enhance root growth via phytohormone production more and deeper roots
Microbes minimize the inhibitory effect of ethylene on plant growth - produce ACC deaminase
Microbes form biofilms that reduce ion movement into the plant
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Insects-microbes-plants
bull Bacteria associated with the Colorado potato beetle manipulate plant defenses to facilitate beetle feeding
PNAS 11015728
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Functional soil microbiome Belowground solutions to an aboveground problem Laksmanan V1 Selvaraj G1 Bais H2 Plant Physiol 2014 [Epub ahead of print]
Science (2011) 3321097 Trends Biotech (2012) 30177
Environ Microbiol (2012) 144
Trends Plant Sci (2012) 17 478
Mol Ecol (2014) 231571 Annu Rev Phytopathol (2014) 5117
(2014)
Frontiers Microbiol (2014) 51 FEMS Microbial Ecol 2011
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
The Future
bull Management strategies that create disease-suppressive microbial communities
bull Plants that select for and maintain beneficial microbiomes
httpwwwthe-scientistcomarticlesviewarticleNo33703titleFighting-Microbes-with-Microbes
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
The Future
bull Managedengineered microbiomes that promote sustained crop productivity ndash rebuild
depleteddegraded soils
ndash produce with less water
ndash produce in changing climate
Source UNEP
15 billion people depend on degraded lands for survival
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
The Future
bull Smart microbes that detect and treat diseasedestroy pests
(Image by Brett Ryder NewScientistcom)
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Water
Crop Soil
Weather Data
Technology
Biota
Raj Khosla Colorado State University
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Understanding and application of microbiomes to advance agriculture requires
Interdisciplinary systems level approaches
Considertion of interactions in context (the phytobiome)
We have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning - Werner Heisenberg (Theoretical physicist)
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
Roadmap for Phytobiomes Research and Translation phytobiomes wwwphytobiomesorg
bull Define vision and strategy bull Implementation
ndash International Consortium ndash Advocacy for new funding
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
bull The American Society of Plant Biologists bull The American Phytopathological Society bull Funding sources
bull APS Noble Foundation NSF USDA-NIFA US Forest Service Bayer CropScience
bull Phytobiomes Initiative Co-Chairs Gwyn Beattie Iowa State University Kellye Eversole Eversole Associates
bull Phytobiomes Partners
Acknowledgements
phytobiomes wwwphytobiomescom
