The United States Expanded from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Manifest Destiny The United States Expanded from the Atlantic to the Pacific in 50 years Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny the belief that America was destined to stretch across continent. From the Atlantic to the Pacific. From the East coast to the West Coast Popular among many for different reasons Manifest Destiny became a govt policy under James K. Polk (11th president) Manifest Destiny The American claim is by the right to our manifest destiny to overspread and possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and self-government entrusted to us. -John L. OSullivan- New York Morning News December 27, 1845 Manifest Destiny 5 3 2 1 6 7 8 4 MANIFEST DESTINY The goal of the United States of America to obtain and govern all land westwards. East to the ____________ Sea to _______ Atlantic to the ___________ From the Appalachians to the ___________ From New York to _____________ Buffalo & Indians are driven into obscurity
American Progress Star of Empire Lady Liberty Carries a schoolbook Buffalo & Indians are driven into obscurity and telegraph wire The tools of progress as settlers move westward Political Reason Britain ceded Northwest Territory to U.S. after the American Revolution, eventually resulting in Northwest Ordinance; expansion reduced political power of Britain, France, and Spain in region and increased global position and strength of the U.S. Social Reasons Strong nationalism (pride in country) belief that U.S. was special (great experiment of liberty); belief in racial superiority (people of English decent); belief that God supported U.S. expansion Economical Reasons Growth in the U.S. economy increased demand for (and value of) farmland, ranches, minerals, and furs; the cotton gin increased the area in which cotton could be grown profitably; the discovery of gold attracted 80,000 people in 1849 US Territorial Expansion
When? A - Original 13 Colonies 1776 From Where? Great Britain A Why? US declared independence from Great Britain US Territorial Expansion
When? B - Western Lands 1783 From Where? Great Britain Why? Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War) A B Louisiana Purchase: 1803 Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million. Jefferson wanted to make sure the U.S. had control of the Port of New Orleans and the Mississippi River. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States. The U.S. stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Rocky Mountains. US Territorial Expansion
When? C - Louisiana Purchase 1803 From Where? France Why? Napoleon needed $ Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans He got all of this instead! A C B Adams-Onis Treaty: 1819 The U.S. wanted to take Florida from Spain because of attacks by Seminole Indians and runaway slaves in Georgia. In 1819, President Monroe sent General Andrew Jackson to Florida to help protect the U.S. border. Jackson invaded Florida and overthrew the governor of Florida. He had no direct orders from President Monroe. Spain gave Florida to the U.S. in exchange for $5 million and control of Texas. US Territorial Expansion
When? D Florida/ Adams-Onis Treaty 1819 From Where? Spain A Why? C B Andrew Jackson invaded Spain then sold it to us for $5 million D Texas: 1830s Stephen Austin In 1821, Texas was a part of Mexico.
Stephen Austin was an empresario = agent to bring settlers to Texas. Stephen Austin brought the first 300 families to Texas - known as the Old Three Hundred. By 1830, 25,000 Americans were living in Texas. They were required to become Mexican citizens and become Catholic. The Americans had to follow Mexican law. When Americans complained, Mexico closed Texas to further American immigration. Stephen Austin Texas Revolution: 1835-36 Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
After Mexico closed Texas to Americans, Stephen Austin went to negotiate with the Mexican leader, Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna. Austin was jailed, and the Texans revolted. In February 23- March 6, 1836, Mexico attacked the Texans at the Alamo. This 13-day siege resulted in the killing of all the Americans (except some women, children and slaves). In April, the Mexican army massacred the Texan rebels at Goliad. After the Alamo and Goliad, Sam Houston surprise attacked Santa Anna at the Battle of San Jacinto. Remember the Alamo! Remember Goliad! Texas won its independence. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Texas Annexation: 1845 Sam Houston
Santa Anna was captured and forced to sign a treaty giving Texas its independence. Texas became an independent nation in 1836 called the Lone Star Republic. Sam Houston became President. Annexation of Texas was delayed: Worry that adding Texas as a slave state would upset the balance between free and slave states Fear that annexing Texas would lead to war with Mexico Texas joined the U.S. and became the 28th state in 1845. Sam Houston US Territorial Expansion
When? E Texas Annexation 1845 From Where? Republic of Texas (Independent Country) A C Why? B Texas independent from Mexico in 1836 Northerners feared it would become a slave state Fears finally overcome in 1844 Presidential election E D Oregon Country: 1846 In 1820, both the U.S. and Britain claimed to own Oregon Country. In the 1830s and 1840s, thousands of American pioneers were going west to settle in Oregon Country. President Polk wanted all of Oregon to the fifty-four fifty parallel. The American people cried, Fifty-four forty or fight. Britain wanted to avoid a war. Britain and the U.S. compromised. They split Oregon in half at the 49th parallel. The U.S. got the southern half. US Territorial Expansion
When? F - Oregon Territory 1846 From Where? Great Britain F A Why? C B Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US) Americans demanded 54 40 or fight! Britain compromised 49& US accepted E D War with Mexico: 1846-48 Battle of Buena Vista
The U.S. Army had better weapons and equipment,but it was greatly outnumbered by the Mexican forces and was poorly prepared. The U.S.took New Mexico territory without a fight and claimed the territory. Zachary Taylor defeats Santa Anna at the Battle of Buena Vista. U.S. troops under Winfred Scott (old fuss and feathers) capture Mexico City. This led to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war. Battle of Buena Vista US Territorial Expansion
When? G - Mexican Cession 1848 From Where? Mexico F A Why? C B Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse War! US wins In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for G G E D Gadsden Purchase: 1853 After the war with Mexico, Americans wanted to guarantee that any southern railroad to California would be built completely on American soil. US paid $10 million for the southern parts of Arizona and New Mexico. The existing boundary between the U.S. and Mexico was fixed. Manifest Destiny 5 3 2 1 7 6 8 4 Obstacles Technology Indian Tribes Law and Order
Forests had to be cleared to make way for new cities- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT? Technology Interchangeable Parts (1801)
Cotton Gin (1793) & McCormick Reaper (1831) accelerated farming Steamboats (1807) & railroads (1850s) provide faster movement of goods & services Telegraph (1837) speeds up the pace of business Not Your Fathers Migration!
Different kinds of people move westward than had done during the 1600s/1700s (IN ORDER) Land Speculators overran the tribes looking for quick profits & ignoring treaties (which the govt also ignored) The Law (Govt, Police) follow the criminals Religious Zealots - People who are extremely religious