THE UNITED THE UNITED IRISHMEN ANDIRISHMEN AND The The

1798 Rebellion1798 Rebellion

22ndnd Year History Year History

Background and causesBackground and causes

• Irish Parliament Irish Parliament controlled by controlled by Protestant AscendancyProtestant Ascendancy (C of I only 15% and (C of I only 15% and most of the land)most of the land)

• Penal lawsPenal laws left left Catholics poor and Catholics poor and uneducated.uneducated.

• TithesTithes still had to be still had to be paid.paid.

• The influence of the The influence of the American and French American and French revolutionsrevolutions

The Society of United The Society of United IrishmenIrishmen

• Wolfe ToneWolfe Tone (Dublin, Anglican Trinity barrister (Dublin, Anglican Trinity barrister admired French Rev)admired French Rev)

• 1791 Tone and 1791 Tone and BelfastBelfast Presbyterians formed the UI Presbyterians formed the UI• Aim: Aim: Catholic and Protestant together would end Catholic and Protestant together would end

British interference in IrelandBritish interference in Ireland• 1793 1793 War with FranceWar with France. British Gov afraid of . British Gov afraid of

Ireland. The UI was banned. Now a rebellion and a Ireland. The UI was banned. Now a rebellion and a republic was the only way.republic was the only way.

• Tone escaped to America and then to France to get Tone escaped to America and then to France to get help.help.

• 1796 1796 General HocheGeneral Hoche and and Bantry BayBantry Bay storms: British storms: British tipped off about rebellion.tipped off about rebellion.

The Society of United The Society of United IrishmenIrishmen

The RisingThe Rising

• General Lake’sGeneral Lake’s repression in repression in Ulster and Ulster and Leinster.Leinster.

• House burning House burning flogging, pitch flogging, pitch capping and half capping and half hanginghanging

Walking GallowsWalking Gallows• Lieutenant 'Walking Gallows' Lieutenant 'Walking Gallows'

Hempenstall was in charge of Hempenstall was in charge of suppressing the 'United Irishmen prior suppressing the 'United Irishmen prior to the rebellion of 1798. A 'Goliath in to the rebellion of 1798. A 'Goliath in stature', if he met a peasant he didn't stature', if he met a peasant he didn't like he poleaxed him with a blow of his like he poleaxed him with a blow of his fist, put a rope around his neck and fist, put a rope around his neck and hung him off his back, 'tongue hung him off his back, 'tongue protruding, until death at last put an end protruding, until death at last put an end to the torture'. to the torture'.

• At a later inquiry the infamous At a later inquiry the infamous judge,Lord Norbury, complimented him judge,Lord Norbury, complimented him as having done no act, 'which was not as having done no act, 'which was not natural to a zealous, loyal and efficient natural to a zealous, loyal and efficient English officer.' English officer.'

In 1800 he was afflicted with In 1800 he was afflicted with morbus morbus pedicularis pedicularis and his body literally and his body literally devoured by vermin. After twenty one devoured by vermin. After twenty one days suffering, he died in excruciating days suffering, he died in excruciating

agony.agony.

Lord Edward FitzgeraldLord Edward Fitzgerald

• Spies and informers Spies and informers led to the arrest of led to the arrest of the leaders, the leaders, including including Lord Lord Edward FitzgeraldEdward Fitzgerald

• The Rising in The Rising in Dublin and the Dublin and the surrounding surrounding counties was easily counties was easily put downput down

Wexford: The Main Wexford: The Main RebellionRebellion

• Actions of Actions of YeomenYeomen (part-time) and (part-time) and MilitiaMilitia (full-time) provoked rising. (full-time) provoked rising.

• Father MurphyFather Murphy won at Oulart Hill, won at Oulart Hill, Enniscorthy and freed Enniscorthy and freed Bagenal Bagenal HarveyHarvey in Wexford in Wexford

• Important defeat at Important defeat at New RossNew Ross• Atrocity at Atrocity at ScullabogueScullabogue• Final defeat at Final defeat at Vinegar Hill.Vinegar Hill.

Ulster:Ulster:

• Henry Joy Henry Joy McCrackenMcCracken defeated in Antrim defeated in Antrim

• Henry MunroHenry Munro defeated in Down.defeated in Down.

The End: ResultsThe End: Results

• Tone arrived in Lough Swilly. Tone arrived in Lough Swilly. Sentenced to hang and committed Sentenced to hang and committed suicidesuicide

• 30,000 dead30,000 dead• Bitterness against BritishBitterness against British• Bitterness between Catholics and Bitterness between Catholics and

Protestant.Protestant.• Further Rebellions (Robert Emmett)Further Rebellions (Robert Emmett)• The Act of Union 1800The Act of Union 1800