Presented byy

The Union of Myanmar

- The Largest Country in South East Asia

14 St t & Di i i 3 iti 331tIndia

- 14 States & Divisions: 3 cities + 331towns

- Total land area: 677,000 sq km

ChinaB

angla , q

- Neighboring countries: China, Laos, Laos

adesh

Thailand, Bangladesh and India.Laos

- Population: 58.4 million

Population growth rate: 1 62 %Thailand

- Population growth rate: 1.62 %

- 30% of the total population resides in

urban area

Existing Situations in Waste Management

• Myanmar has no serious problem regarding of environmental

pollution owing to a sparsely populated area and least industrialpollution owing to a sparsely populated area and least industrial

development.

• Despite, solid waste management is currently regarded as one of

the most immediate environmental issues.the most immediate environmental issues.

• Rapid urbanization

• Population growth

• Economic growth Massive waste Environ.Economic growth

• Change in

ti tt

Massive waste

generation

Environ. pollution

consumption patterns

• public unawareness

Responsible Agencies for Waste Management

1. Yangon City Development Committee in Yangon

2 Mandalay City Development Committee in Mandalay2. Mandalay City Development Committee in Mandalay

3. Nay Pyi Taw Development Committee in Nay Pyi Taw

4. Township Development Committees in remaining towns

(285 towns).

Stakeholders

(1) Communities (4) Informal sector

Stakeholders

(1) Communities (4) Informal sector

(2) Local authorities (5) Business group

(3) Social organizations (6) Academic

Waste Management Policy

• Provision of waste collection services, management activities

d i iti ti f 3 R ti t i l d t k band initiation of 3 Rs practices are extensively undertaken by

responsible organizations independently. Therefore policy

statement may differ from one organization to another.

H f th li i i “ t d l• However, a common essence of the policies is “ to develop

systematic waste disposal and collection system in order for

the city to be free of repulsive dumpsites”. These policies also

called for cooperation and involvement of local authorities andcalled for cooperation and involvement of local authorities and

communities in the waste management.

Environmental Regulations

1. The Yangon Water-Work Act (1885)

2. The City of Yangon Municipal Act (1922)y g p ( )

3. The Water Power Act (1927)

4. The Underground Water Act (1930)

5. The City of Yangon Development Law (1990)

6. The Development Committees Law (1993)

7 Th Cit f M d l D l t L (2002)7. The City of Mandalay Development Law (2002)

8. The Nay Pyi Taw Development Law (2009)

Beside these, the City and Township Development Committees

promulgated the solid waste disposal and collection bye law aspromulgated the solid waste disposal and collection bye-law as

its measure for legal basis at local level.

Waste Generation RateWaste Generation Rate

Waste composition

CityWGR

per capita

Waste composition

organic Paper Plastic Glass Can Textile Dust Other

wastePaper Plastic Glass Can Textile Dust Other

Yangon 0.53 76.93 2.24 17.75 0.45 0.2 1.14 - 1.29g

Bagan 0.45 63 3 15 1.65 4 1.6 6 5.75

Average waste collection service coverage: about 60 %

Waste Collection System

• The feature of solid waste collection in Myanmar is basically

labor intensive work and mainly relies on manual labor and non-labor intensive work and mainly relies on manual labor and non-

specialized vehicles.

• Waste collection Systems:

(1) Bl k ll ti(1) Block collection,

(2) Communal depot collection,

(3) House-to-house collection,

(4) Limited collection, and

(5) Street sweeping(5) Street sweeping.

3 Rs activities in Myanmar

• Polythene plastic carrier bags with its non degradable nature is a

Reject

• Polythene plastic carrier bags with its non-degradable nature is a

major problem.

• Therefore, “Polythene Plastic Carrier Bags Free Zones” are

established in many Towns of Myanmarestablished in many Towns of Myanmar.

• Public awareness raising campaigns and environmental

education programs are conducted by active participation of

stakeholders and local residentsstakeholders and local residents.

• Use of plastic bag alternative like cloth or string bags, leaves

boxes and baskets are introduced.

Environmental awareness and education

Alternative bags to polythene plastic carrier bags

Reduce

• Waste reduction is the way forward to reduce the amount of

t d t b t tgenerated waste by waste generators.

Demand side

Waste i i i ti

side

minimization

SupplySupply side

Demand Side

• Buying economy size products or choosing appropriate amounts

and sizesand sizes.

• Buying durable products or buying reusable items that can be used

repeatedly.

• Reusing a plastic bag as much as possible in case of they have to g p g p y

use it and ensured it is disposed of correctly when it is no longer of

useuse.

• Repairing, refurbishing or recovering home furnishing, appliances

and electronics utensils instead of throwing away, and

• Donating unwanted items in good condition to poor or charity g g p y

groups.

Supply Side

• Offering reusable alternatives such as paper, leaves for

packaging or shipping,

• Asking consumers whether they need a bag for small• Asking consumers whether they need a bag for small

purchases,

• Guiding staffs or shop-helpers to pack items in a way

that minimizes the number of bags used andthat minimizes the number of bags used, and

• Providing drop-off dust bins in front of their shops.

ReuseR i th f d t thReuse is the use of a product more than once.

This includes conventional reuse where the item

is used again for the same function and new-life

reuse where it is used for a new function

• The deposit refund system for glass bottles or polyethylene

reuse where it is used for a new function.

p y g p y y

terephthalate (PET) water bottles is introduced,

• Old tires that are used in fences or as boat fenders,

• Steel drums that are reused as compost bins or were used forSteel drums that are reused as compost bins or were used for

water storage,

• Plastic bags that are reused as liners for household waste bins,

Reuse Cont.• Food jars that are washed out and used to store things like• Food jars that are washed out and used to store things like

buttons and screws,

• Paper bags that are used to cover school text books or are used

for garbage bags around the house,

• Belts that are used to tie back tree branches or are used for

tying young trees to supports, y g y g pp ,

• Glass bottles that are used as vases or candle holders,

C d b th t d f t i li bb• Candy boxes that are used for storing paper clips, rubber

bands, etc.,

• Cardboard boxes that are used as household waste bins or are

used to store children’s toys, and

• Buckets that are used as dust bins or outdoor flower pots.

Recycling

Recycling is the practice of sorting, collecting and reprocessing

of used materials into new products. It is a good way of reusingof used materials into new products. It is a good way of reusing

valuable resources and avoiding them ending up as waste.

• Recycling activity is widely practiced in low- and middle-

income households linking to the households’ subsidiaryincome households linking to the households subsidiary

income.

• Although these households generate the least quantity of waste

per day, they selling reusable and recyclable materials such asper day, they selling reusable and recyclable materials such as

newspaper, metal, plastic bags, bottles, clothes, tins, and glass

to waste purchasers at the doorstep are a common scene.

Recycling Cont.

• Private sectors’ recycling business is also widespread.

Th i f l t i l di t ll t t• The informal sector including scavengers, waste collectors, waste

dealers, waste merchants, and recycling industries are instrumental

in the waste recycling scheme.

Th d t ll t ll t ll th t f• The scavengers and waste collectors collect all the waste from

households, communal depots, streets, commercial areas and final

disposal sites, and separate out recyclable materials at their house

or possibly a depot they occupiedor possibly a depot they occupied.

Recycling Cont.

• In alternative, some scavengers collect certain categories of

l bl if it i t d th h th t it h d brecyclables if it is sorted through the waste once it had been

tipped. Then, they sell it to waste dealers, who have the space to

further clean, sort, and store the waste.

B id th t h l l l i it h• Beside these groups, waste purchasers also regularly visits each

household and buy recyclable materials such as bottles, small

pieces of iron, tins and paper. The waste dealers sell the material

to merchants with sufficient means of transport who then resellto merchants with sufficient means of transport, who then resell

the material in bulk to the appropriate recycling industry.

Manufacturing Process of Reclaimed Molded Product

Plastic Waste

Pl ti d t

Sorting Washing

Plastic dust bins

Extruding

Pressing

Plastic shopping bags Pellet

g

Plastic bottles Plastic dust bins

Pipes ½”Ø, 3/4”Ø, 1”ØRecycled New Materials

PVC Pipes 6ӯ,4ӯ, 3ӯ,2ӯGarbage bags

ChallengesAd lt d ki t d t th di bl• Adults and working groups are rooted to the disposable

consumer culture and are interested to purchase new luxury

products that leads to minimal achievement of waste reduction.

C f i th d i• Consequences of economic growth and growing consumer

demand for the disposable products have challenged the full

potential of reuse.

D t th l lit f th li t i l• Due to the low quality of scrap, the recycling rate is low.

• It is a paradox that whilst the low-income groups pontificated p g p p

on the desirability of waste recycling, there is little scope in

hi h i h h ldhigh-income households.

Future Plan Objective: To promote solid waste management and environmentallyObjective: To promote solid waste management and environmentally

sound management of toxic chemicals and hazardous wastes.

A ti iti t b l t d ithi 5 i l di iActivities to be completed within 5 years including on-going ones:

• Enact the drafted Myanmar Environmental Protection Law.

• Apply polluter pays principle.

• Develop public awareness to promote community participationDevelop public awareness to promote community participation.

• Strengthen sewage system management and treatment for domestic

wastes especially in citieswastes, especially in cities.

• Educate the public to promote environmentally sound waste

i l di d i li d imanagement including waste reduction, recycling and composting.

• Develop a framework for hazardous waste management.

• Encourage private investments in solid waste management services.

Future Plan Cont.

Activities to be completed within 10 years including on-

igoing ones:

• Formulate a solid waste management master plan and

guidelines and priority on big cities.

• Enact a hazardous waste law.

• Encourage more interaction with international bodies to g

obtain information and knowledge about environmental

toxicity of chemicals, their assessment and risk reduction

programmes.