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The Union budget of India 2016-17:
Scalability of underground drainage
and faecal sludge management
Stanzin Tsephel and Isha Das
WC
On-
site
facility
Septic
tanks,
Open
defecat
ion
19
% t
rea
ted
Treatment Reuse/
disposal Transport Collection Containment
WSP-2011
50%
41%
9%
81% not treated
Urban India
Background and Approach
1. FSM and Sewerage are vastly different:
• Not comparing merits, feasibility, viability of the two
• Both compete for same resource pool with same
ultimate goals
2. Cost data collected based on DPR from 23 centralised
system and 6 FSM towns
3. Budget figures and other economic data: 2016-17
4. Projected data (population, growth rate etc) from World
Bank
5. Highly conservative approach
Description Amt - USD Amt - INR
GDP (Current US) 2.09 Trillion 136 Trillion
Per Capita per year 1,598 1,03,886
How much $$ does India have?
729
1.018 1.090
1.461 1.456 1.598
-
500
1.000
1.500
2.000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
US
D
Description Amt in USD Amt in INR
Union budget 2015-16 0.27 Trillion 17.8 Trillion
Union budget /Capita 209 13,558
States Budget /Capita 205 13,349
Total Budget /Capita 414 26,907
Government Spending?
Description Total Budget Wastewater
USD INR % INR/capita
AMRUT 0.63 B 41 B 31% 10
State and City 0.20 B 13 B 100% 10
Smart City 0.50 B 32 B 25% 6
National River Conser 0.06 B 4 B 50% 1
SPM Rurban Mission 0.04 B 3 B 30% 1
Namami Gange 0.35 B 23 B 60% 10
External Assistance 3.38 B 220 B 5% 8
Total 46
Budget for Wastewater in 2016-17?
Is the estimated too high?
MODELLING INPUTS : INR 50
46
151
211
85
0
50
100
150
200
250
EstimatedInvestment on
wastewater
National HealthMission
NationalEducationMission
Swachh BharatAbhiyan
INR / Capita
Options Capex / capita
(INR)
Capex /
capita (USD)
Sewerage system INR 3,201– 42,695 48 – 650
FSM INR 500 – 2,000 8 – 30
Different Solutions : Capex
MODELLING INPUTS : Centralised system: INR 10,000 – USD 150
FSM: INR 700 – USD 11
Options Opex / capita
(INR)
Opex /
capita (USD)
Sewerage system 295 – 3,648 5 – 56
FSM 100 – 250 2 – 4
Different Solutions : Opex
Two Key Inputs
INR 50 INR
10,000
Budget per
year Cost
50
%
10
0%
2017 2021 2026
2% 6%
0%
1: Current Investment Pattern
30
%
38
%
• 98% on sewerage
• 2% for FSM : INR 1,903 Cr
45
%
30%
51% 40%
50
%
10
0%
2017 2021 2026
25
%
57
%
0%
2: Partial Investment in FSM
30
%
35
%
42
%
• 80% for sewerage
• 20% for FSM
30%
60%
99%
59
%
50
%
10
0%
2017 2021 2026
63
% 0%
3: Full Coverage by 2021
30
% 32
%
• 50% for sewerage
• 50% for FSM
41
%
30%
95%
100%
59
%
50
%
10
0%
2017 2021 2026
2%
25
%
57
%
63
% 6%
0%
Comparing the Scenarios
30
%
38
%
35
%
32
%
42
%
45
%
41
%
30%
51%
95%
60%
40%
99% 100%
Conclusions
Current plans: 40% coverage in 5 years; 51% by 2026
20% diversion to FSM: almost 100% coverage by 2026;
but 3% fewer people get sewerage
More aggressive FSM investment can give 100%
coverage as early as 2021
Conclusions
‘Good’ solution for all instead of ‘Perfect’ solution to few
High Coverage essential for Health / Environment impact
FSM can help get the intended impact of existing and
future investment
Thank You
59
%
50
%
10
0%
2017 2021 2026
2
%
25
%
57
%
63
%
6
% 0
%
Main template
30
%
38
%
35
%
32
%
42
%
• 2% allocation for FSM
• INR 1903 Cr > 300 Million $
------------------
• 15 % increase by 2026
• More than 50 % not covered by
2025
45
%
41
%
30%
51%
95%
60%
40%
99% 100%