THE ULTIMATE TOWING SYSTEM · With high bollard pull tugs becoming the norm for harbor tugs in ship assist and escort jobs, the tow line needs to evolve to take full advantage of

Photo © Brian Gauvin

THE ULTIMATE TOWING SYSTEM

THE SAMSON TUG ADVANTAGE

Phot

o ©

Bria

n Ga

uvin

2 SamsonRope.com

TOWING SYSTEM SELECTION

Not an off-the-shelf decision

The Samson Tug Advantage ..... 5The Ultimate Towing System .... 7Calculating Cost Per Tow .......... 9Understanding Abrasion ......... 11Protecting Your Investment..... 13Extending Service Life ........... 14Training, Inspection & Residual Strength Testing ... 16The Ultimate Towing System: COMPONENTS .......... 18Mainlines ............................... 18Additional Working Lines ........ 20High-Performance Chafe Protection/Pendants ............... 21Tug Comparison Tables .......... 23DSM Partnership .................... 24

CONTENTS

The tow rope is arguably the single most important piece of equipment in the industry. It’s the dependable connection between your vessel and the vessels in your care.

For owners and operators in today’s towing industry, safe working conditions, maximum service life, mitigated failure of tow lines are top priorities. Through proper evaluation and selection of high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) ropes, Samson will show you how to achieve all three.

The right rope for every component. We used to talk about tow lines. However, with advances in fiber and coating technology and innovations in chafe protection, we now talk about towing systems. Selecting the right rope for each part of the towing system is not a one-size-fits-all proposition. Each component should be considered independently—pendant, mainline, and backer.

Based on specific needs, each component is selected to give you the best overall system and performance. We understand the factors that weigh into these decisions and will help you select the system to get the job done correctly and safely, providing the best value for your investment. We want your system to be as safe as possible for as long as possible. It may seem counterintuitive for a supplier to help you get more life out of their products; but at Samson, that is exactly what we do. We understand that adding real value to your business is how we become an indispensable partner.

Knowing the intended use or application of the rope is not enough. There are a number of factors that should be considered when selecting a towing system and protecting your investment for a long service life:

> Vendor expertise and support > Measuring real value—cost per tow vs. cost per line > Understanding abrasion > ABC’s of protecting your investment A. Build a better rope B. Surface preparation C. Chafe gear > Keys to prevent line failure and extend surface life

This technical guide will help you select the towing system that is right for your operation, maintain a long service life, and lower total cost of ownership.

4 SamsonRope.com

THE SAMSON TUG ADVANTAGE

4 SamsonRope.com

THE SAMSON TUG ADVANTAGE You won’t get this anywhere else

5SamsonRope.com

The benefits of high-performance synthetic tug working lines are proven. Lightweight and ultra-strong, they reduce weight-related injuries and are easy to handle, inspect, and repair. Naturally cut and abrasion resistant, they reduce damage to deck hardware and the maintenance they require.

Every rope we make comes complete with The Samson Advantage—a package of services that starts with a pre-sale evaluation to help determine the best products for your vessel and the way they are used, and doesn’t end until the ropes are retired. You won’t find this level of service anywhere else. Our goal is to ensure safety and the proven long-term benefits of using high-performance products from installation through retirement.

PRE-SALE SERVICES > On-board equipment surveys to determine the best ropes for your vessel > Surface repair / preparation suggestions

Before rope selection begins, it is important to survey hardware configurations and surface conditions. Based on this survey, Samson's technical sales team will make recommendations regarding the best products for your towing system; pendant, mainline, backer line, along with chafe protection to keep your towing system performing at its peak. We will also identify necessary surface preparation that should be addressed prior to installation of the ropes.

POST-SALE SERVICES

> Installation assistance > Comprehensive crew training—line handling,

inspections, repair, splicing, use of chafe gear > Detailed, customized tow line manual > Annual inspection programs > Assistance in establishing retirement criteria > Periodic on-board inspections, training, and support

We’re there for installation and we stay to train your crew on proper handling and maintenance, in-service inspections, and splicing techniques. Periodic on-board inspections help determine retirement schedules based on your usage and the rope’s condition. We’ll show you how good recordkeeping allows you to calculate the cost per tow—a true indicator of the actual value of your tow ropes.

Samson’s full library of resources is always available at SamsonRope.com:

> Product specifications > Technical bulletins > Technical papers > Splicing instructions > Informational videos

The Samson app for iPhone/iPad is available for free on the Apple Store and features:

> Splice instructions > Inspection checklists > Abrasion guide

5

THE ULTIMATE TOWING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Photo © Brian Gauvin6 SamsonRope.com

IT’S NOT JUST A ROPE, IT’S A SYSTEMWith high bollard pull tugs becoming the norm for harbor tugs in ship assist and escort jobs, the tow line needs to evolve to take full advantage of the tug’s capabilities and capacities. Ropes made from high-performance fibers such as Dyneema® HMPE are lightweight, strong, and dependable, but that’s not all that’s required with today’s tugs and winches.

Each component needs to be perfectly suited to its mission in order for the full system to provide greater efficiencies, easier handling, and longer service life. Samson’s towing system has been proven to outlast and outperform any tow system on the market. The result is increased value by any measure.

The PendAnT At the business end of the line is the pendant. Once the pendant passes through the chock, you’ve lost complete control over the conditions a line encounters. The pendant is designed to be sacrificial and withstand abuse as long as possible, then be replaced as needed. Because it is designed to take the brunt of the abrasion, it is often stronger than the mainline. Adequate chafe protection also helps mitigate the possibility of damage to this critical section of the tow line.

Saturn-12, with its proprietary coating that reduces internal and external abrasion, is a good match for the rigors of duty as a pendant. Saturn Dynalene makes a perfect match for chafe protection. The combination provides a durable and strong pendant. DC Gard can also be used effectively.

The MAinline The mainline is next. This is the main strength member of the system and its longest component. It needs to be strong and pack well on the drum. Here Saturn-12 or AS-78 have been proven to be the best choices. Strong and dependable, yet lightweight and easy to handle by the deck crew, these two have proven to be superior ropes in this application. The 12-strand single braids are easy to inspect and simple to splice when required.

For conventional tugs working from H-bitts, Proton®-8, Quantum-12, or Quantum-8 are the preferred choices. Quantum-12 and Quantum-8 have Samson’s patented DPX™ fiber technology for increased coefficient of friction in a high strength, lightweight rope that incorporates polyester with Dyneema® HMPE fiber.

The system can be configured to meet your specific needs. If there is a potential for shock loading the mainline, add a section of rope with higher elongation than HMPE. This will allow the operator to extend the mainline to bring the higher elongation section into play during the operation.

The BAcKeR line The tow line system starts with a backer line that doesn’t compromise the mainline’s strength, but provides the best purchase on the winch drum. High-performance lines with a higher coefficient of friction, such as Quantum-12 with DPX™ fiber technology, work extremely well as backer lines—the first two layers on the winch drum. They also provide a better grip at the drums attachment point.

Backer lines make end-for-end procedures significantly easier. Simply unsplice the small eye and re-splice it at the other end of the mainline. With this procedure, there is no need to deal with a clamp.

Quantum-12 backer line eye-to-eye connection to a Saturn-12 mainline with Saturn Dynalene chafe protection.

7SamsonRope.com

CALCULATING COST PER TOW

8 SamsonRope.com

MEASURING REAL VALUE: Cost per tow vs. cost per lineOther companies are content to select new tow lines on price alone, as long as they meet basic specification requirements. However, there are other variables that should be factored into the cost equation. These factors include how long a rope is in service, the vessel type, and the operations the vessel typically performs. All of these factors will lead to the true cost of ownership of the towline. We call it cost per tow (CPT).

IDENTIfYING THE CPT fOR EACH VESSEL

Our program uses individual vessel history to determine the best line for specific types of operations. The first step is to collect the vessel data, usually found in the deck logs. Accurate results require a minimum of:

> Information for the last four pendants used on the vessel > Number of tows performed by each line > Current status—either active, retired, or failed > Rope construction and fiber type > Cause for line replacement

CALCULATION

THE RESULTS CAN bE SURPRISINGOne fleet started their CPT program in spring of 2011 and continues today. After the first year of recordkeeping:

> The number of rope failures had been reduced by 85% > Cost per rope increased by 10–40% over the cost of the original ropes > Service life increased by 2–5.5 times the original rope

in addition, the new protocol for crew training in proper handling, inspection techniques, and improved line management, further affecting the overall cost of operations.

INITIAl COST

AVeRAge # Of TOwS

PlACeD IN SeRVICe STATUS

COST PeR TOw

line A Include rope name/fiber/const. $2,790 400 5/23/2011 retired $6.97

line B Include rope name/fiber/const. $4,560 1,000 8/10/2012 in use $4.56

TRACKING EXAMPLE:The CPT is calculated by dividing the original purchase cost of the rope by the number of tows before it was either retired or failed.

If you would like to see how using this program could benefit your operations, contact your Samson representative or call customer service to set up a meeting with one of our sales engineers.

÷Original

purchase price of the tow line

number of tows before the line was

retired or failed( ) ( )cPT =

9SamsonRope.com

UNDERSTANDING AbRASION

fIGURE A: Residual Strength of Tug Pendants


Residual strength based on testing 35 HMPE ropes from two manufacturers, after more than 27,000 combined pulls.

SATURN-12 L A S T S 15 – 20%

THE PROOF IS IN THE NUMBERS

LONGER

2000.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

TOTAL NUMBER OF JOBS

RE

SID

UA

L S

TR

EN

GTH

(%

of

Ne

w R

op

e M

BS

)

120.0%

0 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400

Saturn-12 with Saturn Dynalene

Saturn-12

AmSteel®-Blue

Other HMPE 12-Strand

AmSteel®-Blue Average

Saturn-12 Average

Saturn-12 with Saturn Dynalene Average

10 SamsonRope.com

While high-performance ropes made with Dyneema® fiber are naturally cut and abrasion resistant, abrasion is still one of the main causes of rope failure in ship-assist operations. If no remedial actions are taken, abrasion will reduce the rope’s residual strength and ultimately affect the reliability and shorten the service life of the towline.

There are two types of abrasion—external and internal. Both are caused, at least in part, by the rope’s movement over rough, poorly prepared and maintained surfaces.

exTeRnAl ABRASiOn is easy to spot—broken fibers at the surface of the rope give it a “fuzzy” appearance. Visual inspection and an appraisal of the percentage of fibers that are damaged is a relatively simple process.

inTeRnAl ABRASiOn, caused by the relative movement of strands and fibers within the rope, is indicated by broken, powdered, or fused fibers within the rope’s construction. Repeated bending over fairleads, chocks, or sheaves is often the culprit here. Opening up the rope and inspecting the fibers within is easily accomplished on 12-strand or 8-strand single braids but virtually impossible on jacketed lines or double-braids without destroying the rope.

UNDERSTANDING ABRASION

ABCs OF PROTECTING YOUR INVESTMENT

WITHOUT CHAfE GEAR (HMPE ON METAL) Friction caused by poorly maintained deck hardware surfaces causes both external abrasion to surface strands and abrasion to internal strands by creating relative movement between the fibers in the rope.

WITH CHAfE GEAR (HMPE ON HMPE) External abrasion is primarily limited to the chafe gear itself, and the relative movement of internal and external fibers is greatly reduced or eliminated.

Due to force

Rope travel due to load

Due to force

Rope travel due to load

Internal abrasion with chafe protection

Internal abrasion without protection

External abrasion without protection

External abrasion with chafe protection

Saturn-12 proved to have 92% residual strength after 2,240 hours in service.

11SamsonRope.com

A. BUILD A BETTER ROPE SATURN-12 EXTENDS SERVICE LIfE bY 15–20%

Samson’s Research and Development team set out to find a way to mitigate the effects of abrasion to extend the service life of synthetic rope. The best way to start was to build a better rope. Saturn-12 was developed using a proprietary coating applied to the rope’s yarns during the stranding process combined with the proven performance of a 12-strand rope made with 100% Dyneema®.

To evaluate new product performance, laboratory testing and computer modeling can only provide part of the data. Saturn-12 needed to be tested in the field in real working conditions. In 2009, Samson solicited the assistance of longtime customer, G&H Towing Company of Texas, to partner with us to field test Saturn-12. The field trial consisted of:

> 11 tractor tugs outfitted with Saturn-12 pendants > Data compiled from 35 HMPe ropes from two manufacturers > lines used in more than 27,000 operations > After service, all ropes were then tested to destruction to assess the residual strength

The ReSulTS: Saturn-12 showed a significant increase in the residual strength of the rope measured throughout its service life (see figure A); more tows, safer tows, and longer service life.

MITIGATING AbRASION

12 SamsonRope.com

B. SURFACE PREPARATION

There are no synthetic lines that will perform to their maximum capability with poorly maintained deck equipment. Ignoring surface conditions can be a costly mistake, especially if wire ropes were used previously.

Proper surface preparation prior to synthetic line installation can extend the life of your lines dramatically.

> Scored and rusty surfaces need to be faired and repaired. > winch drums, flanges, bullnose and chocks in the rope’s path need to be

inspected and resurfaced if necessary. Once the surfaces are smooth and the new ropes are installed, only minimal maintenance is required to keep the surfaces in good order.

C. CHAFE GEAR IMPROVING THE NUMbERS EVEN MORE

Once the messenger line hauls your towline through the ship’s chocks, you’ve lost control over the surface conditions your pendant has to withstand. Conditions your line encounters can be affected significantly by a ship’s poorly maintained, scored and rusty chocks, fairleads, capstans, and bollards.

The pendants and end of the mainline that are often exposed to conditions such as these are best protected with chafe gear. Properly selected chafe gear protects the strength member within, dramatically extending the service life of the towing system. It is far less expensive to replace chafe gear than it is to replace the pendant. Over the life of the tow system, this simple addition adds real, measurable value (see figure A on page 10).

SELECTING PROPER CHAfE GEAR There are many types of chafe gear, from relatively simple and inexpensive fabric options to those made with HMPE fiber that provide the utmost in protection.

For protection against moderate abrasion, an open-braid construction is appropriate— such as Saturn Dynalene. It has the same abrasion-fighting coating as Saturn-12, providing great protection to the rope within while allowing easy inspection of the rope for both external and internal abrasion without removing it. The coating also reduces the coefficient of friction and allows the rope to slide a little easier on rough surfaces. Since Saturn Dynalene is made of 100% Dyneema®, it is extremely lightweight and easy to repair in the field.

For more robust protection where frequent handling around abrasive surfaces puts a premium on rope protection and snag resistance, DC Gard fits the bill. It has a tightly woven construction that completely covers the rope and is made of 100% Dyneema®. Also available is TC Gard, which has the same construction but is made with Technora™ fiber for use where extreme heat is an issue.

More information on surface preparation and chafe protection is available online at SamsonRope.com under the Resources and Literature menu.

ABCs OF PROTECTING YOUR INVESTMENT continued

Samson chafe protection products are perfectly suited to combat the causes of cutting and abrasion encountered in ship-assist operations.

Chafe gear extends the life of your investment, adding real, measurable value.

Once your towline is hauled through the ship's chocks you've lost complete control over the surface conditions it is subjected to.

13SamsonRope.com

EXTENDING SERVICE LIFE THROUGH CONSTANT CAREGetting the most out of your high-performance synthetic towing system is relatively easy as long as proper care and consideration are part of your everyday operation. Below are key activities that should be addressed to prevent line failure.

EXTENDING SERVICE LIfE


1

2

3

4

KEYS TO PREVENT LINE fAILURE AND EXTEND SERVICE LIfE

1. Proper surface preparation, maintenance, and routine inspection A 300-microinch finish (7.62 microns) for all deck hardware that comes in contact with the rope is recommended. As long as synthetic ropes are used exclusively, resurfacing won’t be required very often.

2. install lines under proper tension A minimum load of 100–200 lb (45 kg–90 kg)* is recommended. Install the first three layers on winches under tension. Crisscross subsequent layers to minimize line-diving.

3. Prevent or remove all twist from the tow line Twist can significantly shorten rope life by causing unbalanced loading of the rope’s strands. When observed, remove twist as soon as possible—it’s as simple as laying the rope out, and, working from the winch towards the rope’s end, twisting the rope in the opposite direction until the strand crowns are straight. A swivel and strap can help prevent twist generated from messenger lines.

4. Always use chafe protection Chafe protection should be used on all high-contact areas of the line. The pendant should be protected from the point where it passes through the chocks to the end of the eye. If the bullnose or fairlead is rough, chafe gear should be placed there.

14 SamsonRope.com

5

ANglelOAD

MUlTIPlIeR

0° 1.00

10° 1.02

20° 1.06

30° 1.15

40° 1.31

45° 1.41

50° 1.56

60° 2.00

70° 2.92

80° 5.76

Bollard Pull = 50 tons

45°

20°

If the tug exerts a force of 50 tons at an angle of 20 degrees, the actual force on the line is 50 x 1.06 = 53.0 tons

Bollard Pull at 45° angle 50 x 1.41 = 70.5 tons



5. inspect the ship’s chocks As you’re making the approach, look for the best surface conditions for the rope. If there’s a better option, it should be discussed with the pilot. It’s best to avoid roller chocks in general, and any chocks that are heavily scored from use with wire ropes.

6. Keep a proper working angle on the rope during the maneuver The angle of the rope measured from the horizontal determines the load on the rope. In general, a short scope on the rope causes a higher working angle on the rope and can dramatically increase the load on the rope. Whenever possible, use the longest scope the towing situation will safely allow.

7. line inspection Inspecting lines after each use is one of the best ways to mitigate problems. Implementing a consistent protocol for crew to follow will pay off. See page 16 for inspection guidelines and tools available from Samson.

8. documentation and residual strength testing In order to establish retirement criteria for your vessel, documenting information about your lines and completing residual strength testing is a necessary step. See page 17 for more on Samson’s residual test programs.

6

7

The angle of the rope determines the load on the rope. whenever possible, use the longest scope the towing situation will safely allow.

8

15SamsonRope.com

INSPECTION GUIDELINES AND RESIDUAL STRENGTH TESTING Any rope that has been in use for a period of time will show normal wear and tear. Some characteristics of a used rope will not reduce strength while others will. Below we have defined normal conditions that should be inspected on a regular basis.

The following criteria should be considered when inspecting 12-strand ropes made with Dyneema® fiber:

Regular inspections and repair as needed will extend

the working life of high-performance lines.

REPAIR oR RETIRE

Cut Strands

WhAT > Visible sheen > Stiffness reduced by flexing the rope > Not to be confused with melting > Often seen on winch drums

cAuSe > Fiber molding itself to the contact surface under a radial load

cORRecTiVe AcTiOn Flex the rope to remove compression.

NoT PERMANENT— REPAIR

Compression

WhAT > Strand pulled away from the rest of the rope

> Is not cut or otherwise damaged

cAuSe > Snagging on equipment or surfaces

cORRecTiVe AcTiOn Work back into the rope.

NoT PERMANENT— REPAIR

Pulled Strand

What > Broken filaments and yarns

Cause > Abrasion > Sharp edges and surfaces > Cyclic tension wearCORReCtIVe aCtION Consult abrasion images* and rate internal/external abrasion level of rope. Evaluate rope based on its most damaged section. n Minimal strength loss (continue use)n Significant strength loss (consult Samson)n Severe strength loss (retire rope)*Refer to images on Inspection & Retirement Pocket Guide or Samson app

REPAIR oR RETIRE

Abrasion

WhAT > Fused fibers

> Visibly charred and melted fibers, yarns, and/or strands

> Extreme stiffness

> Unchanged by flexing

cAuSe > Exposure to excessive heat, shock load, or a sustained high load

cORRecTiVe AcTiOn If possible, remove affected section and re-splice with a standard end-for-end splice. If re-splicing is not possible, retire the rope.

REPAIR oR RETIRE

Melted or Glazed Fiber

WhAT > Fused fibers

> Brittle fibers

> Stiffness

cAuSe > Chemical contamination


REPAIR oR RETIRE

Discoloration/Degradation

WhAT > Flat areas

> Lumps and bumps

cAuSe > Shock loading

> Broken internal strands


REPAIR oR RETIRE

Inconsistent Diameter

If upon inspection you find any of these conditions, you must consider the following before deciding to repair or retire it: > The length of the rope; > the time it has been in service; > the type of work it does; > where the damage is, and; > the extent of the damage.

In general, it is recommended to: > Repair the rope if the observed damage

is in localized areas. > Retire the rope if the damage is over

extended areas.*REFERENCES Cordage Institute International, International Guideline CI2001-04, Fiber-Rope Inspection and Retirement Criteria: Guidelines to Enhance Durability and the Safer Use of Rope, 2004.

Request a copy of this handy reference tool from your Samson representative, or download the Samson app.

What > Two or more cut strands in proximity

Cause > Abrasion

> Sharp edges and surfaces

> Cyclic tension wear

CORReCtIVe aCtION If possible, remove affected section and re-splice with a standard end-for-end splice. If re-splicing is not possible, retire the rope.

16 SamsonRope.com

Samson offers a range of online and print tools to assist in inspecting high-performance synthetic lines.

INSPECTION TOOLS AND REfERENCE MATERIALS In addition to performing on-site inspections, Samson offers several tools to assist crews in inspecting and repairing mooring lines. From posters for display on the vessel, pocket reference guides and online tools to a handy app for iPhone & iPad — Samson puts years of knowledge, as well as complete splice instructions, at your fingertips.

RESIDUAL TEST PROGRAMSamson offers residual strength testing to aid operators/owners in establishing retirement criteria. Samson is home to the most robust research and development team in the industry. These resources test and analyze thousands of ropes each year. Through proper documentation and testing, your line replacement schedule will be predictable and manageable.

Recording data such as hours and jobs completed in service, when and how the line is spliced, and descriptions of any damage help create a meaningful line history and useful residual strength testing.

Samson’s testing capabilities include certified elongation and break testing up to 1.1 million pounds.

Example of line history recordkeeping.

Photo © Brian Gauvin Photo © Brian Gauvin

GENERAL LINE INFO. MAIN LINE END FOR ENDED PENNANTMANUFACTURER SAMSON SAMSON SAMSONLINE TYPE (Proton-8, AmSteel-Blue, etc.) AmSteel®-Blue AmSteel®-Blue Saturn-12

LINE SIZE3" diameter

(9" Circ.)3" diameter

(9" Circ.)2-5/8" diameter

(8" Circ.)

DATE NEW 5/19/10 1/30/14

LENGTH NEW 600' 100'

PRESENT LENGTH 450' 100'

SPLICED 1/30/14 Factory

DATE END FOR ENDED 1/30/14 N/A

PREVIOUS HOURS 3,604 1,918.5 0

HOURS THIS MONTH 103 7 7

TOTAL HOURS 3,707 1,925.5 7

PREVIOUS JOBS 3,174 1,770 0

JOBS THIS MONTH 100 6 6

TOTAL JOBS 3,274 1,776 6

VISUAL APPEARANCE N/A Good NewDESCRIBE DAMAGE TO LINE N/A Fresh end N/A

WHEN DAMAGE OCCURRED N/A N/A N/A

REMARKS: Cut off old eye and left attached to old pennant; end for ended hawser back to the end that was load tested in 2011 (and broke stronger than new 8" line.) Old pennant retired at 1,094 jobs, 1,232 hours, on pallet in parking lot.New Shackle 1/30/14

TRACTOR MONTHLY LINE REPORTVESSEL MASTER MONTH MARCH YEAR 2014

17SamsonRope.com

Diameter (INCHES) 2" 2-1/2" 3" 3-5/8"Diameter (MM) 48 mm 60 mm 72 mm 88 mm

weight per 100 ft 87.0 lb 148 lb 206 lb 340 lbweight per 100 m 129 kg 220 kg 307 kg 506 kg

ISO 2307 Strength* 173 t 267 t 377 t 662 t




FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Made with Dyneema® fiber> A size-for-size strength replacement for wire at only 1/7th the weight> Decreased coefficient of friction at winch surfaces> easy to handle, inspect, and splice> flexible> floats> Improved performance over standard HMPe ropes> Samthane Type e coating increases residual strength by as much as 15–20% and reduces internal yarn-to-yarn abrasion

FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Made with Dyneema® SK78 fiber> enhanced creep properties> 30–40% lighter than aramid ropes of the same strength> A size-for-size strength replacement for wire rope at only 1/7th the weight> easy to inspect> excellent abrasion resistance> flexible, torque-free construction> floats> Highly flex-fatigue resistant

AT PeRCeNT Of BReAK STReNgTH 10% 20% 30%

Elastic Elongation Percentage 0.46% 0.70% 0.96%AT PeRCeNT Of BReAK STReNgTH 10% 20% 30%

Elastic Elongation Percentage 0.46% 0.70% 0.96%

SATURN-12 {882} ClASS II 12-STrAnD

AS-78 {814} ClASS II 12-STrAnD

SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTHSIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH

Additional sizes available. Please contact customer service or see SamsonRope.com for specifications.


FEATURED TUG MAINLINES

18 SamsonRope.com

ULTIMATE TOWING SYSTEM COMPONENTS

MAinline: SATURN-12 Specifically designed for the ultimate

in abrasion resistance to maximize service life. If your rope is often

subjected to potential shock loads add a section to the mainline for increased

elastic elongation.Winch-BASed SYSTeM

eYe-TO-eYe SPlice cOnnecTiOn An eye-to-eye connection retains the highest percentage of new rope breaking strength. Splicing single braids is simple and easily performed on board.

BAcKeR line: QUANTUM-12 DPX ™ fiber technology enhances grip on the winch drum.


weight per 100 ft 99.0 lb 149 mm 198 lb 254 lbweight per 100 m 147 kg 222 kg 294 kg 378 kg





SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH



for assistance in selecting the best line for your vessel and application, please contact your Samson technical sales representative or email [email protected]

FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Made with Dyneema® fiber and a polyester overlay to provide heat resistance and grip> High coefficient of friction> High strength-to-weight ratio > Solid grip on winch drums, bitts, and capstans > Heat resistant > low water absorption> Torque-free construction> firm, yet flexible > easy to splice

FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Made with Dyneema® fiber> Available in long lengths> Durable> easy to inspect> easy to splice> flexible> low stretch> Retains shape with use> UV resistant> wire rope replacement

PROTON®-8 {830} ClASS II 8-STrAnD

NEUTRON-8 {867} ClASS II 8×3-STrAnD

AT PeRCeNT Of BReAK STReNgTH 10% 20% 30%

Elastic Elongation Percentage 0.58% 0.87% 0.96%AT PeRCeNT Of BReAK STReNgTH 10% 20% 30%

Elastic Elongation Percentage 0.70% 0.90% 1.20%

*ISO strength specifications are for unspliced rope. All other strength specifications are for spliced rope.

19SamsonRope.com

eYe-TO-eYe SPlice cOnnecTiOn

MAneuVeRinG PendAnTThe pendant will take the abuse of rough undressed

chocks and bitts aboard the assisted vessel and allow the main assist lines to be maintained.

MeSSenGeR line Samson recommends attaching a

non-rotational braided messenger line to a grommet folded over the eye.

A swivel placed within 8 feet of the attachment point helps reduce the amount of twist introduced

as the tow line is heaved aboard.

WORKinG FROM h-BiTTS 8-strands work well on H-bitts, the unique square-braided profile provides additional security to wraps.

PendAnT WiTh SATuRn dYnAlene chAFe

PROTecTiOn

20

ADDITIONAL TUG WORKING LINES

Diameter (INCHES) 2-1/2" 3" 3-5/8" 4"Diameter (MM) 60 mm 72 mm 88 mm 96 mm

weight per 100 ft 152 lb 220 lb 321 lb 389 lbweight per 100 m 226 kg 327 kg 478 kg 579 kg

ISO 2307 Strength* 84.4 t 122 t 169 t 204 t




SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTH


Additional sizes available. Please

contact customer service or see

SamsonRope.com for specifications.




for assistance in selecting the best line for your vessel and application, please contact your Samson technical sales representative or email [email protected]

*ISO strength specifications are for unspliced rope. All other strength specifications are for spliced rope.

SamsonRope.com20

FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Made with Dyneema® fiber> wire rope replacement> excellent abrasion resistance> High coefficient of friction> flexible> excellent grip> lightweight, floats> easy to handle, inspect, and splice> High strength

QUANTUM-12 {873} ClASS II 12-STrAnD

Diameter (INCHES) 2-5/8" 3" 3-1/4" 3-5/8"Diameter (MM) 64 mm 72 mm 80 mm 88 mm




FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Polyester core and cover> Abrasion resistant> excellent drum spooling capabilities> excellent shock mitigation> firm shape retention on winch> High elasticity

TURbO-37 {704} ClASS I DoublE brAID

FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Made with nylon fiber> easy to splice> excellent wear characteristics> High strength> Mitigates shock> Pro-gard Marine finish

RP-12 NYLON {323} ClASS I rounD PlAIT



ISO 2307 Strength* 68.0 t 96.2 t 142 t 170 t

SIZE / WEIGHT / ISO STRENGTHAdditional sizes

available. Please contact customer

service or see SamsonRope.com for specifications.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Made with Ultra Blue polyolefin-polyester blend> 15-18% lighter than 100% polyester ropes> Durable> flexible> High strength> Hockle resistant> low elastic elongation> Non-rotational

SSR-1200-8 {263} ClASS I 8-STrAnD




21

ADDITIONAL TUG WORKING LINES

SamsonRope.com

HIGH-PERFORMANCE CHAFE PROTECTION

If operating in regions where extreme heat is an issue, contact customer service for information about Samson’s TC Gard made with Technora®

FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Made with 100% Dyneema® fiber> Coated with Samson’s proprietary Saturn coating for enhanced abrasion resistance> easy inspection without removal> excellent durability> lightweight> flexible> floats

SATURN DYNALENE {988}

An innovative construction that allows easy inspection without removal. Made with 100% Dyneema® fiber and coated with Samson’s proprietary Saturn coating for enhanced abrasion resistance.

Tightly-braided cover made with Dyneema® fiber provides maximum protection. Designed for use in applications where frequent handling and use put a premium on rope protection and resistance to snagging.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Made with 100% Dyneema® fiber> Superior durability> Can be removed for rope inspection> Cut resistant> lightweight> flexible> floats

DC GARD {706}

MAXIMIZING SERVICE LIfESamson’s innovative chafe protection extends the service life of high-performance lines

SamsonRope.com 21



ISO 2307 Strength* 73.9 t 104 t 154 t 186 t












FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Made with Ultra Blue polyolefin-polyester blend> 15–18% lighter than 100% polyester ropes> excellent grip> excellent heat resistance > firm, yet flexible

FEATURES AND BENEFITS:> Abrasion resistant> Compression resistant on winch> excellent drum spooling capabilities> excellent grip> flexible> floats> High coefficient of friction> High visibility> lightweight

RP-12 SSR-1200 {416} ClASS I rounD PlAIT

QUANTUM-8 {863} ClASS II 8-STrAnD

22

TUG MANEUVERING LINE PENDANTS

TUG PENDANT CONNECTIONSSamson recommends the use of an eye-to-eye connection to attach the mainline to the pendant. Pendants can also be connected to the mainline by way of a cow-hitch connection (also known as "chain link" or "spectacle" connection).

Cow-Hitch Connection

EYE-TO-EYE CONNECTION The eye-to-eye connection provides a suitable method of joining two ropes of similar diameter without the use of thimbles or other hardware. It yields 90 to 100% strength efficiency.AmSteel®-Blue mainline with eye-to-eye connection to AmSteel®-Blue pendant.

COW-HITCH CONNECTION The cow-hitch connection provides a suitable method of joining two ropes of similar diameter without the use of thimbles or other hardware. It yields approximately 85% strength efficiency.AmSteel®-Blue cow hitched to AmSteel®-Blue pendant.

To ensure maximum service life of tug assist and maneuvering lines, Samson recommends the use of a Saturn-12 single-leg or strop pendant to take the abuse of rough undressed chocks and bitts aboard the assisted vessel

Size Diameter INCHeS

Size Circumference

INCHeS

Samson Min. Strength*

POUNDS

Size Diameter

MIllIMeTeRS

Samson Min. Strength* MeTRIC TONS

ISO 2307 Strength**

MeTRIC TONS

1-1/2" 4-1/2" 205,000 lb 36 mm 93.1 t 103 t

1-5/8" 5" 255,000 lb 40 mm 116 t 128 t

1-3/4" 5-1/2" 302,000 lb 44 mm 137 t 152 t

2" 6" 343,000 lb 48 mm 156 t 173 t

2-1/8" 6-1/2" 411,000 lb 52 mm 187 t 207 t

2-1/4" 7" 488,000 lb 56 mm 219 t 244 t

2-1/2" 7-1/2" 529,000 lb 60 mm 240 t 267 t

2-5/8" 8" 596,000 lb 64 mm 270 t 300 t

2-3/4" 8-1/2" 662,000 lb 68 mm 300 t 333 t

3" 9" 749,000 lb 72 mm 340 t 377 t

3-1/4" 10" 906,000 lb 80 mm 411 t 457 t

*Spliced strength**This standard replaces BS EN 919 and ISO 2307:1995 and is for unspliced strengths.


Size Circumference

INCHeS


POUNDS

Size Diameter

MIllIMeTeRS


ISO 2307 Strength**

MeTRIC TONS

1-1/4" 3-3/4" 238,000 lb 30 mm 108 t 120 t

1-5/16" 4" 265,000 lb 32 mm 120 t 134 t

1-1/2" 4-1/2" 328,000 lb 36 mm 149 t 165 t

1-5/8" 5" 408,000 lb 40 mm 185 t 206 t

1-3/4" 5-1/2" 482,000 lb 44 mm 219 t 243 t

2" 6" 548,000 lb 48 mm 249 t 276 t

2-1/8" 6-1/2" 658,000 lb 52 mm 298 t 332 t

2-1/4" 7" 774,000 lb 56 mm 351 t 390 t

2-1/2" 7-1/2" 847,000 lb 60 mm 384 t 427 t

2-5/8" 8" 953,000 lb 64 mm 432 t 480 t


SINGLE-LEG SPECIfICATIONS STROP SPECIfICATIONS

SINGLE-LEG The industry standard overall length for a single-leg pendant is 80–120 feet (24.4–36.6 meters) with a 1–3 foot soft eye, for mating to the mainline, and a 5–7 foot soft eye for the shipboard connection. Hardware and chafe protection can be added upon request.

STROP The industry standard overall length for a strop pendant is 80–120 feet (24.4–36.6 meters). Strop strength is 1.6x the single-leg rope strengths. Strop configurations can be adjusted to share the wear over the length of the pendant. Hardware, chafe protection, and additional seizing can be added upon request.

22 SamsonRope.com

PROTON-8 QUANTUM-12 QUANTUM-8Diameter Circumference Weight Strength Weight Strength Weight Strength

inches mm inches mm

PeR 100 feet POUNDS

PeR 100 m

KILOGRAMS

SAMSON MBS*

METRIC TONS

ISO 2307 STReNgTH**METRIC TONS

PeR 100 feet POUNDS

PeR 100 m

KILOGRAMS

SAMSON MBS*

METRIC TONS


PeR 100 feet POUNDS

PeR 100 m

KILOGRAMS

SAMSON MBS*

METRIC TONS


2" 48 mm 6" 144 mm 99.0 lb 147 kg 108 t 120 t 79.4 lb 118 kg 142 t 158 t 92.0 lb 137 kg 131 t 146 t

2-1/8" 52 mm 6-1/2" 156 mm 112 lb 167 kg 126 t 140 t 89.6 lb 133 kg 162 t 180 t 104 lb 155 kg 147 t 163 t

2-1/4" 56 mm 7" 168 mm 125 lb 186 kg 143 t 159 t 100 lb 149 kg 183 t 203 t 116 lb 173 kg 161 t 179 t

2-1/2" 60 mm 7-1/2" 180 mm 149 lb 222 kg 180 t 200 t 125 lb 186 kg 229 t 255 t 144 lb 214 kg 198 t 220 t



3" 72 mm 9" 216 mm 198 lb 294 kg 246 t 273 t 179 lb 266 kg 329 t 366 t 207 lb 308 kg 280 t 311 t


NEUTRON-8 TURBO-37 RP-12 SSR-1200Diameter Circumference Weight Strength Weight Strength Weight Strength

inches mm inches mm

PeR 100 feet POUNDS

PeR 100 m

KILOGRAMS

SAMSON MBS*

METRIC TONS


PeR 100 feet POUNDS

PeR 100 m

KILOGRAMS

SAMSON MBS*

METRIC TONS


PeR 100 feet POUNDS

PeR 100 m

KILOGRAMS

SAMSON MBS*

METRIC TONS


2" 48 mm 6" 144 mm 95.4 lb 142 kg 184 t 204 t N/A N/A N/A N/A 102 lb 152 kg 41.6 t 46.3 t

2-1/8" 52 mm 6-1/2" 156 mm 101 lb 151 kg 200 t 222 t N/A N/A N/A N/A 120 lb 179 kg 49.0 t 54.4 t

2-1/4" 56 mm 7" 168 mm 114 lb 169 kg 222 t 247 t N/A N/A N/A N/A 136 lb 202 kg 56.7 t 63.1 t

2-1/2" 60 mm 7-1/2" 180 mm 140 lb 209 kg 270 t 300 t N/A N/A N/A N/A 160 lb 238 kg 66.5 t 73.9 t

2-5/8" 64 mm 8" 192 mm 162 lb 241 kg 296 t 328 t 234 lb 348 kg 111 t 123 t 176 lb 262 kg 71.4 t 79.4 t

2-3/4" 68 mm 8-1/2" 204 mm 170 lb 253 kg 322 t 358 t 279 lb 415 kg 130 t 145 t 199 lb 296 kg 83.3 t 92.5 t

3" 72 mm 9" 216 mm 202 lb 301 kg 379 t 421 t 327 lb 487 kg 151 t 167 t 231 lb 344 kg 93.9 t 104 t


SATURN-12 QUANTUM-12 AS-78Diameter Circumference Weight Strength Weight Strength Weight Strength

inches mm inches mm

PeR 100 feet POUNDS

PeR 100 m

KILOGRAMS

SAMSON MBS*

METRIC TONS


PeR 100 feet POUNDS

PeR 100 m

KILOGRAMS

SAMSON MBS*

METRIC TONS


PeR 100 feet POUNDS

PeR 100 m

KILOGRAMS

SAMSON MBS*

METRIC TONS


2" 48 mm 6" 144 mm 87.0 lb 129 kg 156 t 173 t 79.4 lb 118 kg 142 t 158 t 87.0 lb 129 kg 156 t 173 t

2-1/8" 52 mm 6-1/2" 156 mm 109 lb 162 kg 187 t 207 t 89.6 lb 133 kg 162 t 180 t 109 lb 162 kg 187 t 207 t





3" 72 mm 9" 216 mm 206 lb 307 kg 340 t 377 t 179 lb 266 kg 329 t 366 t 206 lb 307 kg 340 t 377 t


23

TUG LINE COMPARISONS

DRUM WORKING LINESWeight and strength data by size

H-BITT WORKING LINESWeight and strength data by size

DRUM WORKING LINESWeight and strength data by size

*Spliced strength **This standard replaces BS EN 919 and ISO 2307:1995 and is for unspliced strengths.

*Spliced strength **This standard replaces BS EN 919 and ISO 2307:1995 and is for unspliced strengths.


Size Circumference

INCHeS


POUNDS

Size Diameter

MIllIMeTeRS


ISO 2307 Strength**

MeTRIC TONS

1-1/4" 3-3/4" 238,000 lb 30 mm 108 t 120 t

1-5/16" 4" 265,000 lb 32 mm 120 t 134 t

1-1/2" 4-1/2" 328,000 lb 36 mm 149 t 165 t

1-5/8" 5" 408,000 lb 40 mm 185 t 206 t

1-3/4" 5-1/2" 482,000 lb 44 mm 219 t 243 t

2" 6" 548,000 lb 48 mm 249 t 276 t

2-1/8" 6-1/2" 658,000 lb 52 mm 298 t 332 t

2-1/4" 7" 774,000 lb 56 mm 351 t 390 t

2-1/2" 7-1/2" 847,000 lb 60 mm 384 t 427 t

2-5/8" 8" 953,000 lb 64 mm 432 t 480 t


23SamsonRope.com

cORPORATe heAdQuARTeRS 2090 Thornton Street, Ferndale, Washington 98248 USA

Tel +1.360.384.4669 | Fax +1.360.384.0572 SamsonRope.com© 2014 Samson Rope Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. S/WD 108792 3.5M {12/2014}

AmSteel® is a registered trademark of Samson Rope Technologies, Inc.

Dyneema® is a registered trademark of Royal DSM N.V. Dyneema® is DSM’s high performance polyethylene product.

Detailed product information and specifications are available in Samson’s Commercial Marine Products.

1

COMMERCIAL MARINE PRODUCTS

SamsonRope.com

SamsonRope.com we’ve put all our information here for easy downloading for anyone with access to the web. we think it is the best resource for information on high-performance synthetic ropes available anywhere. > Rope specifications> Product breakdowns by application and industry> Technical bulletins > Case studies> Splicing instructions

Samson App for the iPhone and iPad this handy app features:> Inspection and retirement criteria> Internal and external abrasion inspection information> Splice instructions (print and video) Download it from the Apple Store.

fOR MORE INfORMATION

Samson and DSM Dyneema—redefining the strongest and safest rope for maritime solutions.

SAMSON & DSM DYNEEMA Strong relationship delivers customer benefits

Follow us:

The strong and successful partnership between Samson—“The Strongest Name in Rope”—and DSM Dyneema—Creator of Dyneema® “The World’s Strongest Fiber”—is delivering innovative, high-quality solutions for customers around the world.

As a leader in rope design and manufacturing, Samson has a long history of supplying synthetic lines made with Dyneema® to all markets, with a proven track record of high performance and long service life. In the LNG marketplace, the two companies have collaborated since 1996, when AmSteel®-Blue was developed, to take full advantage of the benefits of 100% Dyneema®, and quickly became the most trusted steel wire rope replacement on the market.

According to DSM Dyneema President Gerard de Reuver, Samson was DSM Dyneema’s first ever trademark license partner: “Samson’s incorporation and promotion of the Dyneema® brand and materials with their high-quality products have been instrumental in the success of DSM Dyneema.” Mr. de Reuver adds: “In fact, the total volume of business we have done with Samson, currently makes the company the single largest DSM Dyneema customer.”

Samson President Tony Bon says: “Samson has been working with DSM Dyneema since the 1990s. DSM is our largest supplier, and through our partnership we leverage each other’s application knowledge and technical capabilities through joint development and testing programs. This collaboration has allowed us to deliver the best combinations of fibers, rope constructions and coatings to our customers, resulting in improved performance, reliability, and service life.”

SAMSON AND DSM DYNEEMARedefining the strongest and safest rope for maritime solutions

Find out more at dyneema.com/maritime

SAMSON AND DSM DYNEEMARedefining the strongest and safest rope for maritime solutions

Find out more at dyneema.com/maritime

Documents

THE ULTIMATE TOWING SYSTEM · With high bollard pull tugs becoming the norm for harbor tugs in ship assist and escort jobs, the tow line needs to evolve to take full advantage of