TheNo. 25 ~

~UARTOSupplement

Prepared in the Interests

of Book Collecting at th e

Univer sity of Michigan

1April 1952

324'1493T he Line of Demarcation is one

of those catchwords of hi storywhich are usually very confusing.Most of us assume that we kn owall abo ut those common phrases­until we try to remember wha t theyare and what they did. The Mis­souri Com promise is another (al­though one of the Con ven tions nextJune may throw another meaningon the phrase). There is also theDonation of Constantine, which iseven more confusing because it wasa fake, yet exer ted a powerful in­fluence over men and notions.

Let us recall to our minds someof the details of this famous forgery.Because he was grateful for his con­version to Christiani ty by Pope Syl­vester 1, the Emperor Constantineis supposed to have drawn up aConstitut um Constantini whichgra nt ed to the Pope of R ome spirit­ual supremacy throughou t the worldand poli tical con trol over R ome,Italy, and "the provin ces, places,and civitates of th e western regions."Although it was said to have beenpromulgated about 324 A.D., thedocument was probably composedduring the Jast half of the eighthcent ury; it appears in the so-called"False Decretals" of the ninth cen­tury and re-appears in later compi­lations. In the twelfth century , al­though a century earlier it ha d beenused successfully for settling cer ta inlarge terri tor ial claims, it was at­tacked as spurious. In spite of thi sattack, the Donation of Constantinewas a powerful weapon in theha nds of the popes. It was used fre­quently in both temp oral and spir­itual matters. However, in the year1440, Laurentius Valla attacked itin a critical blast which set in 010­

-tion a controversy which was notsilenced until the end of the eigh­teenth century.

Fifty-three years after Vallaloosed his charge, an internationalsituation developed which requireddelicate handling. Spain and Portu­gal (bo th of them strongly R omanCath olic countr ies) were headedtoward a violent and bloody quarrelabout na tional rights to newlyfoun d lands in far par ts of theworld. In spite of Valla's criticismof the Donation of Constan tine, thepopes had contin ued to claim theirprerogatives and, in the case of theapproaching collision of Spain andPortugal, Pope Alexander VI ma deexcellent use of h is "righ t." In aseries of four papal Bul ls betweenMay and September, 1493, Alexan­der V1 settled the impending dis­pute by granting Ferdi nand andIsabella "all lands "est and outhof a line 100 leagues west of theAzores and Cape Verde Islands."The defini tion of the Line was soconfusing that pain and Portugalmet the following year and drew upthe Treaty of Tordesillas underwhich the Line was redrawn 3,0leagues west of the Cape \:erdeIslan ds, thus allowing Portugal thebulge of Brazil.

A bold action of th e sort takenby Alexander VI was open to muchcriticism from many directions. TheDonation of Constantine was prob­ably vagu ely famil iar to mo t ofthe interested parties, but therewas no printed copy ri gh t a t hand.To supply this want, and as a kindof defense for the ac tion of Alexan­der VI, Bar tholomaeus Pincemusde Montearduo translated the Con­stitutu m Constant ini into Latin,from a Greek codex found in theVatican lib rary and published it inRome some time between 1503 and1513. The printer was our oldfriend Stephan Plannck, who hadprinted the first Latin edition of thefamous Columbus "Letter." One of

the recen t gifts of The Associates isa copy of this earl iest printed edi­tion of the Donation of Constan ­tine. The first page of our copycarries a large bookstamp wh ichreads as follows: "Soc. R eg. Lond,ex dono Henr. Howard Norfolcien­sis." [The Royal Society of Lon­don, th e gift of Henry Howard.Duke of orfolk.] Only one othercopy owned in the United States isrepor ted by Miss Stillwell in hercensus of incunables,

On the shaky foundation of anancient forgery rested the claim ofSpain to the principal par t of theNew W orld. T his gift of The Asso­ciates has bridged another gap inour highway of history.

PublicationsThe best that can be said is that

our intentions are good and that wetry. The worst to be said we sha llleave for others to say. "Ve intend toissue two or three numbers of T heQuarto each year and one or twobulletins. In fact , we try to maintainthat ra te, but we are currently dis­turbed to find that we are behindschedule. During the 1951- 52 sea­son. we shall have three nu mbers ofThe Quarto in your hands, but nonew bulletins. Instead of the latter,all Associates as of October 1, 1951,received copies of the facsimile edi­tio n of Thomas Harlot's B rieje andT rue R eport . . . of Virginia .. .London, 1588. Two bu lletins whichwe try to keep on hand for visitors(T he Clements Library: A BriefDescription and T he Visitor and theClements Libmry) went out of printsuddenly and we have had to use oursmall pu bli cation fund to repri ntthem. In ciden tall y, if you do nothave these two little guides to theLibrary, let us know and we shallsend you copies as soon as they areoff the press.

The Clements Library Associates, April 1, '52Vincent L. EatonHoward N. EavensonEdward Eberstadt & SonsOtto E. EckertJohn W . EdwardsWendell O. EdwardsArthur W . EhrlicherDr: Daniel C. ElkinArthur L. EllisChester W. EllisonMrs. Herbert C. ElyWalter A. EversmanHenry T. EwaldCharles E. FeinbergHonorable Homer FergusonDexter M. Ferry, Jr.Dr. Joseph E. Fields ­George R. FinkDonald A. FinkbeinerMrs. HarryS. FinkenstaedtDr. Otto O. FisherHarold A. FitzgeraldJames FlinnFolger Shakespeare LibraryMrs. Edsel B. FordGeorge H. Forsyth, jr. : _

_For t :worth Public LibraryW . W. Fredericks ­Miss Hannah Dustin FrenchDr. Hugo A. FreundH. H. FrisingerA. G. GabrielEsson M. GaleEdgar H. GaultThomas Gilcrease FoundationMiss Fredericka B. -GilletteDr. Robert W. GillmanLawrence H. GipsonRudolph H. CjelsnessMiss May E. GoodrichGoodspeed's Book Shop, Inc.John D. Gordan .Charles W. Gore, Jr.Michael GormanRocco J. GormanEverett .D . GraffMr.s. Graham J. GrahamBen GrauerAlbert E. GreeneAlbert H. GreenlyGrosvenor LibraryEdward T. GusheeC. H enry _Haberkorn, Jr.Richard Walden Hale, Jr.

Leo M. ButzelUniversity of CaliforniaIra A. Campbell .H enry E. CandlerEdwin H. Carpenter, Jr.Ralph M. CarsonGeorge \"'. CarterLester L. CecilMiss Hannah 1. ChamplinMaj. George M. -ChandlerHerbert W. ClarkCarl F. ClarkeMrs. William L. Clements­W. Wallace ClementsWilliam R. Coe-Dr, Frederick j\ . CollerColumbia University LibrariesAlfred B. Connable, Jr. ­George VV. CookeDavid S. CoonThurlow E. CoonMiss Helen S. CooperWillard M. CorneliusC. A. CoryellClark C. CoulterCecil C. CraigVerner W. CraneWilliam W . CrapoMiloH. CrawfordCharles B. CrouseAllen CrowWilliam B. CudlipJohn R. CuneoCharles D. CurtissSelden B. DaumeDr. Vernon C. Davidi}lexan der Davidson, Jr.D. G. Dawes, Jr.Glen DawsonDayton Public Library & MuseumDr. Russell N. DejongE. W . Def.aVergneCharles F. DelbridgeMrs. 'Yard A. DetwilerFred G. DeweySelden S. DickinsonFred L. DimockMrs. Russell T. Dobson, Jr.Miss Marjory H : DrakeDr. Arthur L. DrewHarold du CharrneMiss M. Elizabeth DunlapArthur L. DunhamRaymond K. Dykema

Cuthbert C. AdamsFranklin P. Adams_George M. AdamsJames P. AdamsMrs. Randolph G. AdamsRichard N. AdamsThomas R. Adams

E1meI AdlerArthur S. AitonDr. John AlexanderMrs. Russell AlgerRobert E. AndrewsMrs. James B.- AngellH. Richard ArcherAlexander W . ArmourH ; I. Annstrong, Jr.Edwin W. AtwoodEarl D. BabstMrs. Standish BackusMrs. Maude L. BaerMervin K. "Baer ­Hamilton V. BailGeorge D. BaileyMrs. Stuart G. BaitsHoward C. BaldwinWilliam T. BarbourBenjamin T. BatschJames F. BellDr. Norman C.BenderMrs. Clinton C. BennettLeRue P. BensingMrs; Edward M. BensonLes BiedermanDr. Al exander W. BlainGeorge J. BlazierLeslie E. BlissWalter H. BlumenthalCharles S. BoesenCarl W. BonbrightRoscoe O. BonisteelCampbell BonnerW. Richard BoyceRichard C. BoysHonorable James R. Breakey! Jr.Louis I . BredvoldC. Barton BrewsterRobert P. BriggsClarence S. BrighamLawrence D. BuhlLeavitt J. BulkleyMrs. Towar BullardRalph J. BurtonRalph S. ButlerRoger Butterfield

Miss Frances HammanMrs. Ralph J. Hansen, -J r.Tyrus G. Harmsen-Mrs. Lathrop Colgate HarperEstate of Lathrop Colgate HarperF. Ridlen HarrellWilliam ·P. Harris, Jr.Abraham S. HartClinton H. HaskellHarlan HatcherMrs. J. R. HaydenHoyt E. HayesIke HaymanMr. and Mrs. J. G. HaysCharles F. HeartmanChristian H . HeckerAugustus HendelmanDr. John W. HendersonJames C. HendleyPaul HenleJoseph L. HickeyJ. Gordon HillMrs. Benjamin D. HitzMax J. HodgdonMrs. Evans HolbrookJames S. HoldenW. J. HollidayMrs. H. S. HolmesMrs. Samuel S. HolmesDr. Sibley W. HooblerJohn W. HowellWright HowesClair B. HughesHarold O. HuntOrmond E. HuntMrs. Roy Arthur Hunt

_Laurin R. HunterHenry C. HutchinsMr. and Mrs. B. F. HutchinsonMrs. Donald HydeMrs. Fritz C. HydeJames H. HydeL. B. HydeMiss Ella M. HymansIllinois State Historical LibraryMrs. James InglisMrs. W. F. JennisonW. A. P. JohnDr. Ralph A. JohnsonMrs. Henry B. JoyMrs. AIbert KahnCharles A. Kan tel'Shirrel KasleIrving 1. KatzMrs. Alfred G. KayRalph KellerW. K. KelseyDavid W. Kendall

Dr. Charles S. KennedyJames A. KennedyUniversity of Kentucky LibraryHerbert A. KenyonRoss H. KidstonRaymond L. KilgourLeRoy E. KimballMrs. Charles M. KindelWillard E. KingWalter G. KirkbrideFrederic R. KirklandAlfred A. KnopfMr. and Mrs. Harlan C. KochMr. and Mrs. John C. KohlW. W. KragErnest KremersEdwin KrieghoffHazen E. KunzJohn A. LamontMrs. Victor H. Lane, Jr.Rev. Dwight S. LargeForeman M. LeboldRichard M. LedererGilbert L. Lee, Jr.Mrs. Paul A. LeidyWilliam G. LerchenDr. H. 1. LillieEli LillyJosiah K. LillyLee M. LimbertS. R. LivingstoneMiss Mildred LoefflerBenjamin H. LongThomas G. LongClifford B. LongleyW. Easton Louttit, Jr.Albert E. LownesMrs. J . C. McCabeGerald McCoyEdward E. MacCroneJohn W. McEachrenDr. Arthur B. McGrawTheodore McGrawJ. A. MacIvorJulian E. MackWilliam M. McKeeFrancis F. McKinneyRobert R. McMathNeil C. McMathMrs. Fred T. McOmberMrs. Otto MadlenerAndrew L. MalottGeorge W. MasonFred C. MatthaeiJohn S. MayfieldDr. Frank R. MenaghGordon MendelssohnMark N. Mennel

Father Charles Metzger, S.J.Charles F. MeyerMichigan State LibraryJohn E. MilhollandDonald C. MillerGeorge H. MillerRobert E. MillerSidney T. Miller, Jr.Mrs. L. D. MillsWilson W. MillsMrs. F. B. MinerJohn R. MinerMinnesota Historical SocietyC. S. MitchellGilbert H. MontagueEarl V. MooreMrs. Richard H . MorganFrank S. MorsmanJoseph J. MorsmanHoward S. MottJanuarius A. MullenDr. Clarence F. MurbachMrs. James O. MurfinH. Gray MuzzyMrs. C. D. NelsonDr. Reed M. NesbitMrs. John S. NewberryJohn S. Newberry, Jr.Ralph G. NewmanHenry L. NewnanWilliam NewnanMarvin L. NiehussH. A. NobleNorthwestern University LibraryJames R. OffieldDr. Charles W. OlsenDr. H. Winnett OrrOttawa Public ArchivesMiss Margery M. OwenMrs. Allred W. PaineMrs. Longyear PalmerStanley PargellisProal A. ParisEdward F. ParkerFrank P. ParkerGeorge E. Parker, Jr.John C. B. ParkerDr. Christopher ParnallAlec ParnieMiss Caroline PattengillMrs. T . Reardon PeirsolDr. Grover C. PenberthyStuart H. PerryCarl H. PforzheimerWilbur K. PierpontJoseph W. PlanckCapt. Frank L. PleadwellHerbert F. Poehle

James A. VeaseyMrs. Charles A. YernouCharles H. VialFred G. WalcottCharles c-wsnStuart S. WallMichael J. WalshHenry L. WardMrs. Benjamin S. WarrenBenjamin S. Warren, Jr.University of-Washington LibraryHerbert G. WatkinsJames K. Watkins.Mrs. John W. WatlingJohn W . Watling, Jr.Palmer WatlingMiss Eunice WeadEarleW. WebbOscar WebberRichard H. WebberHerman L. WecklerErnest Wessen

.Harry A. WestonHarold Eo WetheyJ. Clements WheatRenville WheatC. J. WhippleMrs. Alfred H. WhiteMrs. Harry S. WhiteMiss Janet WhiteLee A. WhiteJustin R. WhitingMrs. Patterson WickerDr. Udo J. WileMerlin WileyMrs. Charles L. WillardRobert :C. WilliamsDavid M. WilsonMrs. Jolin P._Wilson, Jr.Arthur W. WinterState Historical Society of

WisconsinEdwin Wolf zndMrs. Frances WoodFrank B. WoodfordEugene C. WordenRichard S. WormserWilliam P. WredenEdward P.Wrig~t

Lawrence C. WrothJohn C. WyllieJulien C. YongeJake Zeitlin

R. W. SinclairCharles A. SinkClarence "0 . SkinnerH. Seger SliferHenry S. SlyfieldSidney R. SmallMrs. Hal H. SmithHal H. Smith, Jr.Ray W. SmithShirley W. SmithYates G. SmithOtto Eo SovereignCol. Thomas M. SpauldingPaul M. SpurlinDr. Theodore L. SquierDr. Hugh StalkerStanford University LibrariesThomas I. StarrC. B. StarringMiss Elizabeth B. SteereLeslie I. SteinbachMrs ; Bertram StephensonHenry StevensHarry C. StevensonMrs. Frank StonesThomas W. StreeterArthur SwannDonald N. SweenyRobert H. TannahillT. Hawley TappingHowell TayloiTemple UniversityFrances W. ThompsonLawrence S. ThompsonPaul ThompsonCleveland ThurberMrs. Morris P. TilleyJohn Eo Tracy -Roland TreeJustin G. Turner'Edward X. TuttleThomas I. UnderwoodFrederick S. UptonHerbert H; UptonA. vanderZeeC. Eo van de VeldeMrs. C. R Van DusenTheron Van DusenJosselyn Van TyneHenry F. VaughanElliott VawterWilliam A. Vawter, IIWilliam A. Vawter, III

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Mrs. Edward D. PomeroyMiller H. PontiusG. D. PopeArthur PoundJohn H. PowellEugene B. PowerMillard H. PryorRH. PutnamQueens Borough Public LibraryLawrence D. RambeauLeonard Eo ReilandDr. Lawrence ReynoldsWarner G. Rice-Edgar P. RichardsonMiss Louise RichardsonArmin RickelDr. Herman H. RieckerMiss Constance RinehartDr; Leslie F. RittershoferDr. James M. RobbFrank Eo RobbinsThomas B: RobertsHarry M. RobinsFrancis W. RobinsonWilliam H. Robinson, Ltd.Douglas RobyWilliam A. C. RoethkeDr. A. S. W. RosenbachDr. Francis F. RosenbaumHarold W. RosenheimDr. A. D. RuedemannAlexander G. RuthvenMrs. Herbert C. SadlerGeorge W. SalladeMrs. James A. SalladeOtto S. SchairerRobert P. SchererJay H. SchmidtDr. Frederic SchreiberMrs. Francis A. ScottOreon E. ScottS. Spencer ScottMrs. Gilmore G. ScrantonMrs. F. A. SergeantCharles SesslerSeven Gables BookshopWilfred B. ShawGen. Alfred M. ShearerJames Shearer, IIMiss .Marie L. D. ShearerTheodore SheldonR. P. ShortsLeonard N. Simons