The TwentiesThe TwentiesChapterChapter

1111Honors US HistoryHonors US History

The Roaring 20’sThe Roaring 20’sAn era of prosperity,An era of prosperity,

Republican power, Republican power,

and conflictand conflict

AgeAge of Prosperityof Prosperity Economic expansionEconomic expansion Mass Production Mass Production Assembly Line, Assembly Line,

Interchangeable Parts, and Interchangeable Parts, and Division of LaborDivision of Labor

Age of the AutomobileAge of the Automobile

Ailing Agriculture…Ailing Agriculture…

ConsumerismConsumerism

Rise of a Consumer CultureRise of a Consumer Culture– Case Example: Detroit’s Automobile IndustryCase Example: Detroit’s Automobile Industry– Henry Ford – Ford Motor CompanyHenry Ford – Ford Motor Company

» Assembly Line – allows more cars to be produced in Assembly Line – allows more cars to be produced in the same amount of labor hoursthe same amount of labor hours

» Increases productivityIncreases productivity

» Makes cars more affordableMakes cars more affordable

Consumer EconomyConsumer Economy

New Payment PlansNew Payment Plans

Installment PlansInstallment Plans– Allows a consumer to get the product Allows a consumer to get the product

immediately and pay it off in “installments” immediately and pay it off in “installments” over time.over time.

CreditCredit– Allows a consumer to get the product Allows a consumer to get the product

immediately and pay off the cost of it over time immediately and pay off the cost of it over time WITH INTERESTWITH INTEREST

Credit Card ExampleCredit Card Example

Credit Card with 5.9% APRCredit Card with 5.9% APR– Susie buys a dress for $500 in MarchSusie buys a dress for $500 in March

» Makes the minimum payment ($20) in MarchMakes the minimum payment ($20) in March $500-$20=$480 x .059 = $28.32+$480= $508.32$500-$20=$480 x .059 = $28.32+$480= $508.32

» Makes the minimum payment ($20) in AprilMakes the minimum payment ($20) in April $508.32-$20=$488.32 x .059 = $28.81+$488.32 = $508.32-$20=$488.32 x .059 = $28.81+$488.32 =

$517.13$517.13

» Makes the minimum payment ($20) in MayMakes the minimum payment ($20) in May $517.13-$20=$497.13 x .059 = $29.33+$497.13 = $517.13-$20=$497.13 x .059 = $29.33+$497.13 =

$526.46$526.46

an an agri. depressionagri. depression in early in early 1920's contributed to this 1920's contributed to this urban migrationurban migration

U.S. farmers lost agri. markets U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europein postwar Europe

at same time agri. efficiency at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food increased so more food produced (more food = lower produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers prices) and fewer labourers neededneeded

so farming was no longer as so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms in their loans (farms repossessed)repossessed)

so American farmers enter the so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the Depression in advance of the rest of societyrest of society

Black Americans in Black Americans in this period continued this period continued to live in povertyto live in poverty

sharecroppingsharecropping kept kept them in them in de factode facto slaveryslavery

1915 - 1915 - boll weevilboll weevil wiped out the cotton wiped out the cotton crop crop

white landowners white landowners went bankrupt & went bankrupt & forced blacks off their forced blacks off their landland

Jazz Age PresidentsJazz Age PresidentsAll Republicans

Harding Coolidge Hoover

All believed in Laissez-Faire

The Business of The Business of GovernmentGovernment

Harding and CoolidgeHarding and Coolidge11.211.2

Republican PowerRepublican Power President President

HardingHarding Elected 1920Elected 1920 Legacy of Legacy of

Scandals Scandals ““Teapot Dome”Teapot Dome” Died in officeDied in office

PPresident Coolidgeresident Coolidge “The business of America is business.”“The business of America is business.”

Fordney-Fordney-McCumber TariffMcCumber Tariff

Smoot-Hawley Smoot-Hawley Tariff (Hoover – Tariff (Hoover – signed it)signed it)

No help for farmersNo help for farmers Foreign PolicyForeign Policy

Outlawing/Preventing WarOutlawing/Preventing War Washington Naval ConferenceWashington Naval Conference Limit Capital Ships-BattleshipsLimit Capital Ships-Battleships Four Power Treaty-respect current holdings in Four Power Treaty-respect current holdings in

pacific pacific (U.S., Japan, England, France)(U.S., Japan, England, France) Five Power Treaty-Limit Capital ships- U.S. Five Power Treaty-Limit Capital ships- U.S.

and Britain able to have the most. Japan did not and Britain able to have the most. Japan did not like also outlawed use of poison gas.like also outlawed use of poison gas.

Nine Power Treaty-Respect the Open Door Nine Power Treaty-Respect the Open Door PolicyPolicy

Kellogg-Briand Pact- outlaw war 60 nationsKellogg-Briand Pact- outlaw war 60 nations

Billy MitchellBilly Mitchell

Need for air powerNeed for air power Court MartialCourt Martial

Dawes PlanDawes Plan

SocialSocialandand

Cultural TensionsCultural Tensions

HonorsHonors

US HistoryUS History

11.311.3

Scopes “Monkey” TrialScopes “Monkey” TrialEvolution vs. Creationism

Dayton, TennesseeFamous Lawyers

Science vs. Religion

John ScopesHigh School Biology teacher

NativismNativism

Ku Klux Klan re-emerges as the Ku Klux Klan re-emerges as the nativist movement achieves power.nativist movement achieves power.

Immigration is restricted.Immigration is restricted. Sacco and Vanzetti Trial Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

– Highlighted the power of nativism.Highlighted the power of nativism.

The New ImmigrantsThe New Immigrants

Qualities of the New ImmigrantsQualities of the New Immigrants

More diversity in religion and ethnicityMore diversity in religion and ethnicity

– Catholics, Jews, Orthodox ChristiansCatholics, Jews, Orthodox Christians Left Europe because of religious Left Europe because of religious

persecution and povertypersecution and poverty Lured by new jobs in AmericaLured by new jobs in America

Immigrant DiscriminationImmigrant Discrimination

Persecuted by NativistsPersecuted by Nativists

– Argued that immigrants:Argued that immigrants:

»Increased povertyIncreased poverty

»Brought crimeBrought crime

»Stole American jobsStole American jobs

– Hated their different cultureHated their different culture

for immigrants – the point of origin for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, CatholicOrthodox, Catholic

N. European immigrants of early 19c. N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant valuesundermine Protestant values

this fear was known as NATIVISMthis fear was known as NATIVISM many wanted Congress to restrict many wanted Congress to restrict

immigration, leading to a quota immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of system that favoured n. areas of EuropeEurope

fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.)Rev.)

basic comm. advocates a int'l basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the revolution by the proletariatproletariat/workers - /workers - fears that this ideology could find its fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.way into the U.S.

The Ku Klux KlanThe Ku Klux Klan Great increase

In powerAnti-black

Anti-immigrant

Anti-women’s suffrageAnti-bootleggers

Anti-Semitic

Anti-Catholic

1915

“It is like writing history with lightning. And my only regret is that it is all so terribly true” – Woodrow Wilson

ProhibitionProhibition18th Amendment Volstead Act

Gangsters

Al Capone

Reasons for ProhibitionReasons for Prohibition

Proposed by the Women’s Christian Proposed by the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)Temperance Union (WCTU)

– Thought it would cure society’s Thought it would cure society’s problems (domestic abuse).problems (domestic abuse).

– Thought it would increase industrial Thought it would increase industrial productivity, so factory owners productivity, so factory owners favored it.favored it.

Noble Experiment Gone WrongNoble Experiment Gone Wrong

Drove drinking underground and Drove drinking underground and added a rebellious aspect to it.added a rebellious aspect to it.

–Alcohol became dangerous due Alcohol became dangerous due to unregulated drinks.to unregulated drinks.

GangsGangs

Organized Crime and Organized Crime and BootleggingBootlegging

–Gave gangs a tremendous Gave gangs a tremendous source of income which source of income which increased their strength.increased their strength.

BootleggersBootleggers

““Bathtub Bathtub Gin”Gin”

A Secret Tunnel A Secret Tunnel for Boozefor Booze

Speakeasies and Blind PigsSpeakeasies and Blind Pigs

Al CaponeAl Capone Controlled the Italian Mafia of Chicago.Controlled the Italian Mafia of Chicago.

– Extremely popular with the common Extremely popular with the common people.people.

Brought down by Elliott Ness of the US Brought down by Elliott Ness of the US Treasury Department (Untouchables).Treasury Department (Untouchables).

– Capone convicted of tax evasion even Capone convicted of tax evasion even though he was responsible for hundreds though he was responsible for hundreds of deaths.of deaths.

Enforcing the Volstead ActEnforcing the Volstead Act

Al Capone and the Al Capone and the Deputy Chief of Deputy Chief of

the Chicago Policethe Chicago Police

PROHIBITION - on manuf. and PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcoholsale of alcohol

adopted in 1919 - adopted in 1919 - 18th 18th AMENDMENTAMENDMENT

an outgrowth of the longtime an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movementtemperance movement

in WWI, temperance became a in WWI, temperance became a patriotic theme - drunkenness patriotic theme - drunkenness caused low productivity & caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded treat the wounded

Volstead Act-no consumptionVolstead Act-no consumption

a difficult law to enforce... organized a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the riseon the rise

Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the the 21st Amendment21st Amendment

forced organized crime to pursue forced organized crime to pursue other interests…other interests…

A New Mass CultureA New Mass Culture

Honors USHonors US11.411.4

Culture of the Roaring 20’sCulture of the Roaring 20’s

RadioKDKA Pittsburgh

GE, Westinghouse,& RCA form NBC

Silent MoviesCharlie Chaplin

“Talkies”The Jazz SingerStarring Al Jolson

Mary Pickford“America’s Sweetheart”

Rudolph ValentinoRudolph Valentino

Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin

Mary PickfordMary Pickford

Douglass FairbanksDouglass Fairbanks

Clark GableClark Gable

Clara BowClara Bow

The Jazz SingerThe Jazz Singer

Heroes of SportHeroes of Sport

CelebritiesCelebritiesBabe Ruth &Ty Cobb

Jack Dempsey

Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of St. Louis

Heroes of AviationHeroes of Aviation

1920's also brought about 1920's also brought about great changes for great changes for women...women...

1920 - 19th Amendment 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal votegave them the federal vote

after 1920, social after 1920, social circumstances changed too circumstances changed too as more women worked as more women worked outside the homeoutside the home

and more women went to and more women went to college and clamoured to college and clamoured to join the professionsjoin the professions

women didn't want to women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains - sacrifice wartime gains - amounted to a social revoltamounted to a social revolt

characterized by the characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new woman"FLAPPER/ "new woman"– (bobbed hair, short (bobbed hair, short

dresses, smoked in dresses, smoked in public...)public...)

The FlappersThe Flappers

Flappers – name for a woman who defied Flappers – name for a woman who defied traditional feminine ideals.traditional feminine ideals.

– Smoked and DrankSmoked and Drank

– Went dancing in nightclubsWent dancing in nightclubs

– Exposed more skin in dressExposed more skin in dress

– Wore bobby-style haircutsWore bobby-style haircuts

– Attended petting partiesAttended petting parties

»A woman could now use her sexuality to A woman could now use her sexuality to empower herself.empower herself.

FlapperFlapper

The 20’s The 20’s isis The Jazz AgeThe Jazz AgeThe Flappers

make upcigarettes

short skirts

MusiciansLouis ArmstrongDuke Ellington

George Gershwin

WritersF. Scott FitzgeraldErnest Hemingway

““The Lost Generation”The Lost Generation”

Lost GenerationLost Generation

11.5 Harlem Renaissance11.5 Harlem Renaissance

I.I. Great Migration – Great Migration –

- Why?- Why?

- Problems? Why?- Problems? Why?

- need workers during WWI - need workers during WWI to fill jobsto fill jobs

Blacks moved north to take Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime advantage of booming wartime industry (= industry (= Great MigrationGreat Migration) - Black ) - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. ghettoes began to form, i.e. HarlemHarlem

within these ghettoes a distinct Black within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture flourishedculture flourished

But both blacks and whites wanted But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange restrictedcultural interchange restricted

Harlem – 1920’s Harlem – 1920’s population in New population in New York grows to York grows to 200,000 African 200,000 African Americans.Americans.

W.E.B. DuBoisW.E.B. DuBois- NAACP- NAACP- “The Crisis”- “The Crisis”

Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Universal Negro Improvement AssociationAssociation

believed in Black pridebelieved in Black pride advocated racial segregation b/c of advocated racial segregation b/c of

Black superiorityBlack superiority Garvey believed Blacks should Garvey believed Blacks should

return to Africareturn to Africa he purchased a ship to start the he purchased a ship to start the

Black StarBlack Star line line attracted many investments: gov't attracted many investments: gov't

charged him with w/fraud charged him with w/fraud he was found guilty and eventually he was found guilty and eventually

deported to Jamaica, but his deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to existorganization continued to exist

What was the purpose of the What was the purpose of the NAACP?NAACP?

How does it differ from the UNIA?How does it differ from the UNIA?

Why do you think poor African Why do you think poor African Americans were attracted to Americans were attracted to UNIA?UNIA?

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance

New York City’s Harlem New York City’s Harlem neighborhood gets a huge neighborhood gets a huge population boom due to the Great population boom due to the Great Migration.Migration.

Harlem will become the center of Harlem will become the center of an African-American cultural re-an African-American cultural re-birth.birth.

Harlem Renaissance – Why Now?Harlem Renaissance – Why Now? Blacks feel a sense of unity and pride in Blacks feel a sense of unity and pride in

their own distinct neighborhood in Harlem their own distinct neighborhood in Harlem away from white oppression.away from white oppression.

A number of white publishing companies A number of white publishing companies started to agree to publish black literature started to agree to publish black literature and record black music.and record black music.

– White people as well as blacks became White people as well as blacks became fans of the new black art styles.fans of the new black art styles.

Music of HarlemMusic of Harlem

Jazz – completely Jazz – completely American form American form of music defined of music defined by improvisation by improvisation and creativity, and creativity, not rules.not rules.

JazzJazz

-not defined by rules, known for -not defined by rules, known for spirit of creativityspirit of creativity

-blended other forms of music-blended other forms of music

Savoy BallroomSavoy Ballroom

Cotton ClubCotton Club

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance-theme of defiance/resistance-theme of defiance/resistanceA. LiteratureA. Literature1.1. James Weldon JohnsonJames Weldon Johnson2.2. Claude McKayClaude McKay3.3. Langston HughesLangston Hughes

- also wrote of hope- also wrote of hope4. Zora Neale Hurston4. Zora Neale Hurston

Paul Robeson

                                                       

Countee Cullen

                                                                 

Claude McKay

                                                            

      

Langston Hughes

                                                                  

William H. Johnson

                                                              

Art of HarlemArt of Harlem

Paul RobesonPaul Robeson

Josephine BakerJosephine Baker