A turn in Fortune

How were the early years of war?

• The South, although outnumbered, was fairing strongly against the North

• Confederate victories at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville gave the south hope of ultimate victory

• Lee decided in 1863 to move into the North. This allowed him to feed and clothe confederate soldiers and put preassure on the north

What was the Battle of Gettysburg?

• July 1-3, 1863

• This battle was the turning point of the war

• Robert E. Lee wanted this to be the last battle

• Lee attempted to outflank the Northern position on the 2nd day but the line was held by Joshua L. Chamberlain of the 20th Maine

• The wheat field

• Dead confederates at McPherson's Ridge

• Dead at little round top

• Dead confederate sniper posed at Devil’s Den. Devil’s Den is right across from Little round top

What was the Battle of Gettysburg?

• On the 3rd and last day, Lee ordered 12,000 Confederate soldiers to charge the middle line

• Picket’s Charge

• The South was destroyed

• In November of 1863, There was a ceremony to honor the dead at Gettysburg

“Gettysburg Address”

Grant to Sheridan:

“Leave nothing to invite the enemy to return. Destroy whatever cannot be consumed. Let the valley be left so that crows flying

over it will have to carry their rations along with them.”

What was Total War?

• Commanding General U.S. Grant wanted to end the war quickly

• He ordered Sheridan to destroy the Shenandoah valley

• He ordered Sherman to capture Atlanta and then march all the way to the coast

• This type of combat was new, horrible, and destructive

• Terrorized the confederate citizens

• Destruction in Savannah, GA

What was the new Confederate War Plan?

• Confederates now hope to prolong the war to make it costly for the North and force a stalemate.

What was the final stand?

First Lee leaves Petersburg in an effort to draw Grant into an open field battle.

Grant does not take the bait, even though he outnumbers Lee 5 to 1.

Lee trapped at Appomattox, VA

You set the terms!

• For this activity, work with a partner. Pretend that you are Union General US Grant and you have received the surrender of Robert E. Lee. Write out the “terms of surrender”. That is, what must the confederate army do, in order for you to accept their surrender.

• Notebook paper

How did Lee surrender at Appomattox? Surrender all arms except for

officer’s revolvers and swords. Confederates can keep their

privately owned horses. Take an oath to the Union.

What happened on April 14, 1865?

• Pro-confederate actor John Wilkes Booth assassinates President Lincoln.

What were some legal results of the Civil War?

Thirteenth Amendment (1865): Prohibits slavery.

Fourteenth Amendment (1868): Makes the Bill of Rights also apply to state governments.

Fifteenth Amendment (1870): Voting cannot be deprived based on race or previous servitude.