The Timeline of Universe Expansioning

8/22/2019 The Timeline of Universe Expansioning

1/11

The Birth of the Universe


2/11

Conditions of Singularity

Incredibly dense

Extremely high pressure

Extremely hot

Matter cannot exist

All matter exists as

ENERGY E=mc2


3/11

The Singularity Expands

10-35 seconds: Universe Inflates,

T & P go down Conditions right for some Energy to turn into

Matter (E=mc2).

Unified force begins to fractionate Gravityemerges as distinct force.

Fabric of space emerges.


4/11


By 10-5 seconds: Unified Force split into modern forces:

Gravity, Strong, Electromagnetic, weak


5/11


By 1second: Fundamental particles emerge from matter.

Electrons quarks ..


6/11


Between 3 seconds to 3 minutes: Temp and Pressure going down as universe expands.

Density of matter going down (particles getting farther apart).

Fundamental particles slam into each other to formprotons and neutrons (strong force holds them together).

As window of opportunity of just right T & P & Densityfor protons & neutrons to crash together and holdtogether.. And not just blow each other apart!

Only Lightweight Nuclei are Formed

Hydrogen, a bit of Helium, a pinch of Lithium


7/11


300,000 years: Electrons captured by nuclei = real atoms exist.

Matter is now all organized . Energy from BB

fills space.

Energy is high energy - Gamma Rays.

Prediction: These gamma rays fill the fabric of space thereforethey should expand along with space (the tape measure idea).

Today they should be stretched out

to Microwaves


8/11

Why would gamma rays become

microwaves?

Like a Slinky stretching out

They fill space - are part of the fabric of space.

They expand along with space - wavelength getsstretched out.

Given rate of expansion, can calculate how muchwaves have stretched.


9/11

How do they know these are

The BIG BANG microwaves? They FILL the universe -- come toward earth

from all directions.

Means it is not being generated by a pointsource.

You can turn away from a

point source light..

Penzias and Wilson couldnt get away from the microwaves

interfering with their antenna


10/11


300 million years: Gravitational attraction between bits of matter

causes clumping of matter.

First stars form (very dense clumps of matter).

Stars clump into Galaxies.

Q. What matter makes up the stars? What element(s)?


11/11


9 billion years after Big Bangwhich is 5 billion years ago from today: Our sun forms.

Planets in our solar system forming too.

Remember the History of Life Timeline?

Q. How old is the Earth?

Answer: ~4.6 billion years old.

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The Timeline of Universe Expansioning