Proceedings of

The Third International Conferenceon

EcoBalance

— Progress in LCA for a Sustainable Society —

November 25- 27, 1998

Tsukuba Research Center,Agency of Industrial Science and Technology,

Tsukuba, JAPAN

Sponsored byThe Society of Non-Traditional Technology

Center for Environmental Information ScienceAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technical Information Society

Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry

Organized byECOMATERIALS Forum

The Life Cycle Assessment Society of Japan (JLCA)JAPAN LCA Forum

Supported byScience and Technology Agency

Environment AgencyMinistry of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesMinistry of International Trade and Industry

NTVER-ITATSBIBLIOTHEK

TECHMISCHEJNFORMATIONSP.— '

CONTENTS

Plenary LecturePL Economic Effects of Measures to Combat Global Warming 3

Sawa, T. (Kyoto University, Japan)

Session 1 : Asian Countries Report

1-1 LCA Activities in Asian Countries 9Xiao, D-q. (Sichuan University, China)

1-2 Application of LCA in Ecolabelling in Thailand 13Lohsomboon, P. (Thailand Environment Institute, Thailand)

1-3 Recent LCA Activities in Korea 17Hur, T. (Konkuk University, Korea)

1-4 EcoDesign and Data Inventory Development: Making LCA Possible in aSceptical Community 21

Grant, T.F. (RMIT University, Australia)1-5 Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development In Shanghai 25

Chen, L., (Fudan University, China)1-6 Evaluation of Impact on an Environment in Kazakhstan 29

Balgereyev, M. (Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources,Kazakhstan), Smirnov, P. (Consulting and Engineering firm SmPBalLtd., Kazakhstan)

1-7 Status of LCA Research on Materials in China 33Wang, T. (Beijing University of Aeronautic and Astronomic, LanzhouUniversity, China), Li, P.(Lanzhou University, China), Weng, D.(Tsinghua University, China), Xiao, D. (Sichuan University, China)

1-8 Partnership in Research and Information Dissemination Key to a SustainableEcosystem 37

Rushami, J. W. (National Youth Association for Socio-EconomicDevelopment, Uganda)

1-9 Activities of the LCA-National Project in Japan 41Yano, M., Ohta, T., Nakahara, Y., Itsubo, T. (Japan EnvironmentalManagement Association for Industry, Japan)

Session 2 : Methodology

2-1 New Developments in the Methodology for Life Cycle Assessment 47Weidema, B. P. (Technical University of Denmark, Denmark)

2-2 How to Handle Uncertainties and Assumptions in Interpreting LCA Results? 51Saur, K, Finkbeiner, M., Eyerer, P., (PE Product Engineering GmbH,Germany), Kreissig, J., Beddies, H., Betz, M., Schoch, H. (Universityof Stuttgart, Germany)

2-3 Sensitivity Analysis in LCA Using Perturbation Method 55

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Sakai, S. (University of Tokyo, Japan), Halada, K. (National ResearchInstitute for Metals, Japan), Yokoyama, K. (University of Tokyo,Japan)

2-4 Methods for the Key Issue Identification in Life Cycle Assessment 59Noh, J., Suh, S. W., Lee, K. M. (Ajou University, Korea)

2-5 GaBi 3: A Software Tool for the Support of Transparency in LCA 63Volz,T., Florin, H., Gediga, J. (University of Stuttgart,Germany)

2-6 The Requirements for LCI Data Model as tool of Life Cycle Engineering 67Halada, K. (National Research Institute for Metals, Japan)

Session 3 : Life-cvcle Impact Assessment

3-1 Identification of Environmental Problem Areas and Safeguard Subjects for aValuation Process in LCIA 73

Matsuhashi, K., Terazono, A., Moriguchi, Y. (National Institute forEnvironmental Studies, Japan)

3-2 A Method for Impact Assessment Using Human Intelligence 77Tukuda, J. (Musashi Institute of Technology, Japan)

3-3 Chinese Normalization References and Weighting Factors 81Yang, J. (Chinese Academy of Sciences, China), Nielsen, P.H.(Technical University of Denmark, Denmark)

3-4 Economic Valuation for Environmental Impact Using Contingent ValuationMethod -WTP for Mortality Risk Reductions- 85

Itaoka, K., Fujii, T., Okubo, S. (Fuji Research Institute Co., Japan),Akai, M., Nomura, N. (MJTI, Japan), Krupnick, A. (Resources for theFuture, USA), Cropper, M. (University of Maryland, USA), Alberini,A. (University of Colorado, USA), Simon, N. (EnvironmentalProtection Agency, USA), Belli, R. (University of Michigan, USA)

3-5 A New Scheme of Life Cycle Impact Assessment Method Based on theConsumption of Time 89

Yasui, I. (University of Tokyo, Japan)3-6 How Can We Measure the Environment? The Conflict between Sustainable

Development, Ecometrics and Family Values 93Hunkeler, D. (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland)

3-7 Valuation of Electricity Grid Mixes in Japan with Application of Life-CycleImpact-Assessment Methodology 97

Matsuno, Y., Inaba, A. (National Institute for Resources andEnvironment, Japan), Betz, M. (Stuttgart University, Germany)

3-8 Inventory Analysis and Impact Assessment towards Comprehensive LCA ofAutomobiles 101

Moriguchi, Y., Kondo, Y. (National Institute for EnvironmentalStudies, Japan)

3-9 State-of-^he-Art in Life Cycle Impact Assessment Focussing on theCharacterisation 105

Guinee, J. (Leiden University, The Netherlands)

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Session 4 : Product Eco-desien

4-1 Integration of LCA and CAD/CAM 111Namito, M., Murayama, T., Oba, F. (Hiroshima University, Japan)

4-2 The Green Browser: an Information Sharing Tool for EnvironmentallyConscious Design 115

Kurakawa, K., Kiriyama, T. (University of Tokyo, Japan)4-3 Beyond Life Cycle Assessment, an Integrative Design for Environment

Approach for the Automotive Industry 119Osset, P., Teulon, H., Adda, S. (Ecobilan S.A., France)

Session 5 : Strategic Decision

5-1 Product Service Combinations 125Goedkoop, M.J. (PRe Consultants, The Nehterlands), te Riele,H.(Storrm C.S, The Netherlands), van Halen,C, Rommens, P. (PriceWaterhouse Coopers, The Netherlands)

5-2 Business Innovation, Incubator and Technology Transfer Centres and theirAssistance to Small and Medium-Size Enterprises in Environment Business 129

Piturescu, I. (Technology and Business Incubator Centre (CITAf),Romania)

5-3 Product Sustainability - A Core Competence Business Strategy 133Saur, K., Fava, J., Brady, K., Young, S. (Five Winds International,Germany)

5-4 Life Cycle Considerations as Decision Making Support in the ProductR+D-phase 13 7

Saur, K., Finkbeiner, M., Eyerer, P. (PE Product Engineering GmbH,Germany), Gediga, H., Beddies, H., Kreissig, J. (University ofStuttgart, Germany)

5-5 A Decision Support System for Life Cycle Management 141Hunkeler, D., Vanakari, E. (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,Switzerland), Biswas, G., Kawamura, K., Dhingra, R., Caffey, L(Vanderbik University, USA), Huang, E. (United TechnologiesResearch Center, USA)

5-6 A Comprehensive Approach Towards Product and Organisation RelatedEnvironmental Management Tools for Japan 145

Finkbeiner, M., Saur, K., Eyerer, P. (PE Product Engineering GmbH,Germany), Matsuno, Y., Inaba, A. (MITI, Japan)

5-7 Application Patterns of Life Cycle Assessment in Business in SelectedEuropean Countries 149

Frankl, P. (Center for the Management of Environmental Resources(CMER), France), Rubik, F. (Institut fuer OekologischeWirtschaftsforschung, Germany)

Session 6 : Social Eco-svstem

6-1 Who Needs the Information from LCA? 15 5

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Gotoh, S. (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan)6-2 Future Social Systems - Life Cycle Considerations to achieve Zero Emission

Goal 159Hesselbach, J., Saur, K. (PE Product Engineering GmbH, Germany),Eyerer, P., Ota, M. (Fraunhofer Institute Chemical Technology,

6-3 Life-Cycle Estimation of Environmental Emission from Urban DevelopmentProcess 163

Fujita, T., Morioka, T. (Osaka University, Japan), Sakai, K.,Urushizaki, N. (Obayashi Co., Japan), Nakahara, T. (Japan Scienceand Technology Co., Japan)

6-4 Factor 10: LCA for Lean Technology 167Schmidt-Bleek, F. (Factor 10 Institute, France)

6-5 Ecolabelling as a Social System for LCA Promotion 171Kim, B. S., Kim, B. C. (Korea Advanced Institute of Science andTechnology, Korea), Rousseaux, P. (Institut National des SciencesAppliquees de Lyon, France)

6-6 The Use of LCA and Ecolabels in Developing Countries 175Fawer, M. (EMPA(Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testingand Research), Switzerland)

Session 7 : Foods & Agriculture

7-1 Methane and Nitrous Oxide Budget from Natural and Anthropogenic Sources 181Minami, K. (National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Japan)

7-2 Evaluation of the Application of Lifecycle and Rick Approaches for theComparison of Agricultural and Technological Routes of Production 185

Moll, H.C. (University of Groningen, The Netherlands)7-3 Study on Life Cycle Assessment of Cycle-oriented Waste Management in

Food System 189Morioka, T., Tsunemi, K., Yoshida, N. (Osaka University), Mita, M.,Terashita, K., Emi, J. (Coop Kobe, Japan)

7-4 A Life Cycle Assessment Pilot Study in an Italian Diary Company 193Masoni, P., Sara, B., Scartozzi, D., Tarantini, M. (ENEA, Italy),Raggi, A. (University of Bologna, Italy)

7-5 Incorporating Climate Considerations into the National Forest Basic Plan inJapan 197

Amano, M., Shimizu, K., Tonosaki, M. (Forestry and Forest ProductsResearch Institute, Japan)

7-6 Sustainable Tree Plantation Programmes through Rural Cooperatives 201Reddy, B. S., Parikh, J. K. (Indira Gandhi Institute of DevelopmentResearch, India)

7-7 Methodology for LCA in Agricultural Systems -Rice Production System- 205Fukuhara, M., Ogura, A., Kogano, K. (MAFF, Japan)

7-8 Methodology for LCA in Agricultural Systems - Impact Assessment of RicePaddy Fields on Atmospheric and Aquatic Environments - - 209

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Tsuruta, H. (National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences,Japan), Ozaki, Y. (National Agricultural Research Center, Japan),Nakajima, Y., Akiyama, H. (National Institute of Agro-EnvironmentalSciences, Japan)

7-9 Methodology for LCA in Agricultural Systems -Environmental Influence ofPesticides in Rice Cultivation 213

Kobara, Y., Inao, K., Ishii, Y, Ueji, M. (National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Japan)

7-10 Trial of LCA of Soy Sauce 217Nagahara, A. (Kikkoman Corporation, Japan)

Session 8 : Households & Electric Products

8-1 Calculating Life Cycle Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions ofHousehold Consumption Items with the EAP Computer Program 223

Wilting, H.C., Benders, R.M.J., Biesiot, W., Moll, H.C (University ofGroningen, The Netherlands)

8-2 Input-Output Energy Analysis as a Life-Cycle Approach to Study HouseholdConsumption Patterns 227

Wilting, H.C, Moll, H.C, Nonhebel, S. (University of Groningen, TheNetherlands)

8-3 LCA Study of Air Conditioners with an Alternative Refrigerant 231Yanagitani, K., Kawahara, K. (Daikin Industries, LTD. Japan)

8-4 Use of Life Cycle Assessment in Development of Green Refrigerator 235An, J-M., Kwon, H-K., Choi, K-L., Oh, T-Y. (LG Electronics, Korea)

8-5 Evaluation of Renewal to Energy-saving Type TV with LCA 239Ueno, T., Shiino, T., Onishi, H. (Matsushita Electric Industrial Co.,Ltd., Japan)

8-6 Zero Emission - A successful and beneficial strategy 243Eyerer, P., Ota, M., Hirth, T. (Fraunhofer Institute ChemicalTechnology, Germany), Kreissig, J., Betz, M., Wolf, M. (University ofStuttgart, Germany), Saur, K., Hesselbach, J., Finkbeiner, M. (PEProduct Engineering GmbH, Germany)

8-7 Case Study of Personal Computers for Environmentally Conscious Productsin Relation to Functionality and CO2 Emission 247

Takeyama, N., Kagami, H., Kubota, T. (Toshiba Corporation,8-8 LCA for Personal Computer in Consideration of Various use and Upgrading 251

Shimoda, Y., Yoshida, N., Yasuda, N., Shirakawa, T., Morioka, T(Osaka University, Japan)

8-9 Life cycle assessment of Screw Compressor 255Murakami H., Shoda, Y., Asahara, K., Matsukuma, M (KOBESTEEL, LTD, Japan)

8-10 Pump LCA Study 259Nakatsukasa, Y., Okazaki, H., Kaneko, K. (EBARA corporation,

8-11 Life Cycle Assessment of Elevator 263Kim, T-h., Lee, S-h., Park, K-m., Kim, M-h. (LG Industrial SystemsCo., Ltd., Korea), Cho, H-j. (LG Corporate Institute of Technology,

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8-12 Proposal of LCA system for electronic products 267Miyamoto, S. (NEC Corporation, Japan)

8-13 LCA on Copier 271Itoh, K. (JBMA (Japan Business Machines Makers Association),Japan)

Session 9 : Products Recycling

9-1 Life Cycle Assessment of a Personal Computer in Consideration of RecyclingSystem -277

Soeda, S., Higuchi, H., Ohara, S. (Fujitsu Limited, Japan)9-2 Use of Life Cycle Assessment to compare Disposal Scenarios for End of Life

Vehicles in 2015 281Osset, P., Dowdell, D., Kirkpatrick, N., Aumonier, S. (Tlie EcobilanGroup, UK)

Session 10 : Automobile

10-1 Life Cycle Inventory Study of Passenger Car .287Kobayashi, O. (Nissan Research Center, Japan)

10-2 Eco-Profile of a Small-Size Car Produced in Europe and in China 291De Benedetti, B., Baldo, G. L., Marino, M. (Pobtecnico di Torino,Italy), Liu, B. (Tsmghua University, China)

10-3 Life Cycle Analysis of Lithium Battery Electric Vehicle -Production StageAnalysis- 295

Nishimira, K., Uchiyama, Y. (Central Research Institute of ElectricPower Industry, Japan)

10-4 Life Cycle Analysis of Automobiles with Regard to Air Pollutants Emissionsin Japan 299

Nansai, K., Tohno, S., Kasahara, M. (Kyoto University, Japan),Moriguchi, Y. (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan)

10-5 Life-Cycle Inventory of Emissions to Air from a Tram System 303Matsuhashi, K., Moriguchi, Y. (National Institute for EnvironmentalStudies, Japan)

10-6 Input-Output Evaluation of Ecological Metabolism of Japanese AutomobileIndustry 307

Morioka, T., Yoshida, N., Magampon, M.T. (Osaka University, Japan)

Session 11 : Transport Equipment

11-1 Life Cycle Assessment of Supercharger for Automotive Use 313Sonoya, K (Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.,

11-2 LCA of Small Sized Gasoline Engines for General Uses 317Mizohata, N., Shimizu, T., Hashigaki, Y. (Kubota Corporation, Japan)

11 -3 Fundamental Investigation of LCA of Shinkansen Vehicle 321Miyauchi, T., Nagatomo, T., Tsuchiya, H., Tsujimura, T. (RailwayTechnical Research Institute, Japan)

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11 -4 Study on the Application of LCA to Ship 325Kihara, T., Kameyama, M. (Ship Research Institute, Japan), Ura, T.(University of Tokyo, Japan)

Session 12 : Social Infrastructure

12-1 Ecoinventories of Photovoltaic Systems 331Frankl, P., Masini, A. (INSEAD, France), Gamberale, M. (Universitidi Roma I "La Sapienza," Italy)

12-2 Inventory Models for Japanese Electricity Production 335Betz, M., Kreissig, J., Eyerer, P. (University of Stuttgart, Germany),Matsuno, Y., Inaba, A. (National Institute for Resources andEnvironment, Japan)

12-3 LCA(CO2) of Rockfill Dam 339Waku, A., Koizumi, Y. (Fujita Corporation, Japan), Takayanagi, N.(Nippon Koei Co., Ltd., Japan)

12-4 Life Cycle CO2 Analysis of Electric Power in Electric Power Industry 343Izuno, N., Akutsu, N., Natori, K. (Tokyo Electric Power Company(TEPCO), Japan)

Session 13 : Building

13-1 Eco-Profile of Low Income Residential Housing Part 1, Design and DecisionProcesses 349

Chaffee, C , Yaros, B. R. (Boustead Consulting & Associates Ltd.,USA), Strain, L., Malone, N. (Siegel & Strain Architects, USA)

13-2 Evaluation Indicators of Environmental Harmony of Building StructuralComposite Components 3 5 3

Fukushima, T. (Ministry of Construction, Japan), Shiire, T. (KanagawaUniversity, Japan)

13-3 An Environmental Conscious Design of Apartment Building 3 5 7Dohnomae, H., Hisamatsu, Y., Iwata, M. (Nippon Steel Corporation,Japan)

13-4 Methodology for LCA Studies in Specific Industries - the Procedure Demonstratedat the Example "Building Industry" 361

Kreissig, J., Baitz, M., Betz, M., Eyerer, P. (University of Stuttgart,Germany), Saur, K. (PE Product Engineering GmbH, Germany)

13-5 Development of Data Base for Life Cycle Assessment of Buildings (Part 3) 365Dcaga, T. (University of Tokyo, Japan), Tonooka, Y. (SaitamaUniversity, Japan), Hondo, H. (Central Research Institute of ElectricPower Industry, Japan)

Session 14 : Material Selection

14-1 Comparison Analysis of Fundamental Data for LCA - Energy and Emissionsfrom Material Production Processes 371

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Tonooka, Y. (Sartama University, Japan), Hondo, H., Uchiyama, Y.(Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Japan), Ikaga,T. (University of Tokyo, Japan)

14-2 Environmental Impact Assessment for Materials Produced in Japan 375

Itubo, N. (Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry,Japan), Matsuno, Y., Inaba, A. (National Institute for Resources andEnvironment, Japan), Yamamoto, R. (University of Tokyo, Japan)

14-3 Environmental Impact Analysis of Materials by AHP 379

Weng, D. (Tsinghua University, China), Liao, D. (Panzhihua Iron &Steel Group Company, China), Zhang, J. (Tsinghua University, China),Wang, T. (Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China)

14-4 Life Cycle Inventory Analysis of Packagings for Soy Sauce, Milk and Beer 383Motokawa, H. (Japanese Consumers' Co-operative Union, Japan),Shiozaki, J. (Nomura Research Institute, Ltd, Japan)

14-5 Evaluation for Environmental Consciousness and Performance of AluminumWheel 387

Miura, H., Nakano, K., Wada, Y. (Kansai University)14-6 LCA Approach for Tires 391

Nakamura, S. (YRC, Japan), Inada, S. (TOYO, Japan), Abe, H.(Bridgestone, Japan), Suzuki, M. (JATMA, Japan), Matsutani, M.(JRMA, Japan)

14-7 Fundamental Investigation of LCA of Cross Tie — 395Ueda, H., Tsujimura, T., Emoto, M., Takai, H. (Railway Technical

Research Institute, Japan)

Session 15 : Eco-profile of Materials

15-1 International Iron and Steel Institute(nSI), LCI Project Overview .401

Brimacombe, L. (IISI Life Cycle Inventory Experts Group,Belgium)

15-2 LCA Study for Plain Carbon Steel Produced in China 405Xu, J., Wang, T., Yang, J., Wang, Y. (Lanzhou University, China)

15-3 Life Cycle Inventory Analysis of Pulverized Coal Injection Technology intoBlast Furnace 409

Kusamachi, T. (Kobe Steel Ltd. Japan), Onoya, T. (Shinko ResearchCo., Ltd. Japan)

15-4 The Effect of Sulphur on Primary Zinc Ecoprofile Calculations 413Dove, W. T , Boustead, I. (BCL, UK)

15-5 Eco-Steel Design for Balancing "Environmental Loads" and "MechanicalProperties" 417

Tsuchida, N., Tomota, Y. (Ibaraki University, Japan), Nagai, K.(Frontier Research Center for Structural Materials, Japan)

15-6 LCI Analysis of Aluminum Can in Japan .421Sakamura, H., Monshita, K. (University of Tokyo, Japan), Tanaka, K.(Eco-management Institute, Japan), Yasui, I. (University of Tokyo,

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15-7 Example of Using a Software for LCI Analysis on Glass-Bottles 425Maeda, S., Tohyama, A., Arata, H. (Nakano Vinegar Co., Ltd., Japan)

15-8 Ecobalance and Material Design 429Wang, Y., Zeng, H. (The State Education Commission of China, China)

15-9 Portuguese Pulp and Paper Industry: Environmental Trends 433Ferreira, A. D. (RAIZ-Forest and Paper Research Institute, Portugal),Arroja, L., Dias, A., Lopes, E. (University of Aveiro, Portugal)

15-10 Study on the Mechanical and Ecological Performance of Different Types ofCement 43 7

Ichikawa, M., Sano, S., Yosikawa, S., Omura, E. (Taiheiyo CementCorporation, Japan)

15-11 Estimation of Equivalent Energy of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics 441Nagai, H., Takahashi, J., Kemmochi, K. (MITI, Japan), Matsui, J.(Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan)

Session 16 : Recycled Resources

16-1 LCA Case study on Screen System of Wastepaper 447Tomisawa,Y. (Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.,Japan), Iwashige, N. (Ishikawajima Industrial Machinery Co., Ltd.,

16-2 Reduction of Environmental Loadings Attained by Recycling Aluminum Can 451Kawashima, T. (Mitsubishi Materials, Japan)

16-3 Evaluation of Material Flow and CO2 Emission of Steel Recycling System 455Toi, A. (Ministry of International Trade and Industry, Japan)

16-4 Generalized Model for the Assessment of Metal Scrap Recycling Process 459Shibata, K., Waseda, Y. (Tohoku University, Japan)

16-5 Life Cycle Assessment of Glazed Tile from Steel Slag 463Weng, D. (Tsinghua University, China), Liao, D. (Panzhihua Iron &Steel Company Group, China), Zhang, J. (Tsinghua University, China)

16-6 Ecobalance of Utilization of Recycled Materials in Cement Manufacturing 467Onuma, E. (Taiheiyo Cement Corporation, Japan)

16-7 On the Ecobalance of wastes and by-products related to the Cement andConcrete Industries 471

Amano, K. (Ritsumeikan University, Japan), Ito, M. (Institute ofConstruction and Environment, Japan), Yanagisawa, Y. (University ofTokyo, Japan)

16-8 Products in a reaction between carbon dioxide and Wollastonite 475Moriyosi, Y., Fukawa, J., Ishibe, E. (Hosei University, Japan), Ikegami,T. (National Institute for Research in Inorganic Materials, Japan)

16-9 Recycling Rates of Beverage Containers using Material Flow Analysis 479Terazono, A., Otoma, S., Mori, Y. (National Institute forEnvironmental Studies, Japan)

16-10 Environmental Loading and Cost Charge concerning Recycling of PET Bottles 483Terazono, A., Hibiki, A. (National Institute for Environmental Studies,Japan)

16-11 Life-Cycle Assessment for Automotive Bumper Recycling 487

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Makuta, M. (University of Tsukuba, Japan), Moriguchi, Y. (NationalInstitute for Environmental Studies, Japan), Yasuda, Y., Sueno, S.(University of Tsukuba, Japan)

16-12 Life Cycle Assessment for material recycling of resin used for copier exterior 491Ogawa, S., Tabuchi, T. (Ricoh Company Ltd., Japan)

Session 17 : Municipal Waste Management

17-1 A Study on Comparison of Municipal Solid Waste Management AlternativesBased on Inventory Analysis 497

Tanaka, M., Osako, M. (National Institute of Public Health, Japan),Fujii, T., Saito, A. (Fuijii Research Institute Corporation, Japan),Sugiyama, R., Kurihara, K. (Sugiyama & Kurihara, Inc, Japan)

17-2 Applying Life Cycle Assessment to Waste Management in Asia ._ 501Tamamushi, K. (Procter & Gamble Far East Inc., Japan), White, P. R.(Procter & Gamble, UK)

17-3 Life-Cycle Inventory of a Modern Municipal Solid Waste Landfill .505Coulon, R., Camobreco, V. (Ecobalance, Inc., USA), Barlaz, M. A.(North Carolina State University, USA), Ham, R. T. (USA), Repa, E.(Environmental Industries Association, USA), Felker, M. (WasteManagement Inc., USA)

17-4 Water Reconditioning Through Protein Bioconversion From Liquid Waste ofTempeh Industry 509

Widianarko, S., Widianarko, B. (Soegijapranata Catholic University,Indonesia)

17-5 Life Cycle Assessment of Waste Management: A Case Study for City of Sendai 513Morita, Y., Tokuda, M. (Graduate School of Tohoku University, Japan)

Session P : Poster Session

P-1 Development of LCA Software "LCA Support" 519Yamazaki, N. (NEC Software Kansai, Ltd., Japan), Miyamoto, S.,Tekawa, M. (NEC Corporation, Japan), Ekuta, M. (NEC SoftwareKansai, Ltd., Japan)

P-2 Development of LCA Software for Recycling and Allocation: LCA ofMagnesium Alloys for Automotive Components 523

Sano, T. (Mm, Japan), Saiki, T. (Utsunomiya University, Japan),Horikoshi, S. (Advanced Engineering Services, Japan), Fuchizawa, S.(Utsunomiya University, Japan), Sado, S. (MITI, Japan)

P-3 Environmentally-Conscious Design with the Cambridge Eco-Selector andEco-View 527

Wegst, U. G. K., Ashby, M. F. (University of Cambridge, UK)P-4 Database of Environment Load of 4000 Social Stocks 531

Ijima, K., Halada, K., Yagi, K. (National Research Institute for Metals,Japan)

P-5 Ecobilan's LCA Tool Applied to Waste Management 535Muller,O., Morita/Y., Grisel, L. (Ecobilan, France)

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P-6 A Software for Supporting Design of Glass-Bottles by Using LCI 539Yasui, I., Sakamura, H. (University of Tokyo, Japan), Morishita, K.,Tanaka, K. (Eco-management Institute, Japan)

P-7 A Software for LCI Analysis on Aluminum Can 543Yasui, I., Sakamura, H. (University of Tokyo, Japan), Morishita, K.,Tanaka, K. (Eco-management Institute, Japan)

P-8 Application of Life Cycle Assessment to Setting Up Typel EnvironmentalLabelling Criteria 547

Chung, J-M., Cheong, H-B., Lee, H-K. (KAIST (Korean Advancedmstitute of Science and Technology), Korea)

P-9 Life Cycle Impact Assessment for Personal Computers using WeightingMethodology for Japan 551

Tekawa, M., Miyamoto, S. (NEC Corporation, Japan), Matsuno, Y.,Inaba, A. (National Institute for Resources and Environment, Japan)

P-10 Estimation of Environmental Sound Actions in Replacement of HouseholdAppliances by Life Cycle Inventory Analysis 555

Kido, Y., Hosoi, Y., Yamamoto, H., Yamane, K. (Tottori University,Japan)

P-l 1 Eco-Profile of Low Income Residential Housing Part 2, results and interpretation 559Yaros, B. R., Chaffee, C (Boustead Consulting & Associates Ltd.,USA), Strain, L., Malone, N. (Siegel & Strain Architects, USA)

P-12 The Effect of Materials Production Route on Life Cycle CO2, NOx and SOxEmission of Light Weight Vehicle 5 63

Shibata, K., Sugiyama, S., Saito, F., Waseda, Y. (Tohoku University,Japan)

P-13 A Fuzzy Logic Model for Energetic and Environmental Profile of Materials 567Beccali, G., Cellura, M. (Universita di Palermo, Italy), Ardente, D.(Information technology consultant, Italy)

P-14 Data Treatment in Life Cycle Inventory Analysis 5 71Yoon, Y-M., Sunwoo, Y. (Kon-Kuk University, Korea), Kwon, H-K.(LG Electronics Inc., Korea), Hur, T. (Kon-Kuk University, Korea)

P-15 Environmental Load Data as Part of Materials Data Base 575Yoshizu, H., Ijima, K., Halada, K., Yagi, K. (National ResearchInstitute for Metals, Japan)

P-16 CMA: a Simplified LCI Method for the Manufacturing Stage and its Application 579Mori, Y., Otoma, S. (National Institute for Environmental Studies,Japan)

P-l 7 A New Tool to Assess Materials Sustainability-Development for "STAR OFMATERIALS" 583

Liu, J., Li, H , Luo, Q., Ding, P. (Chongqing University, China)P-18 Comparison in Environmental Impact of Energy Transportation by Hydrogen

and Electricity 587Uchida, H., Yoshida, K., Suga, M. (Tokai University, Japan)

P-19 System Notion of Ecology-Economic Balances and Possibilities of its Usingin Practical Natural Resources Use 591

Illarionov, G. V. (Amur State University, Russia)P-20 Life Cycle Assessment of Incinerating and Composting for Garbage _ _ _ _.593

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Nakazawa, K., Katayama, K. (Tokai University, Japan), Kaminaga, R.(Consumers Co-operative Tokyo, Japan), Sakamura, H., Yasui, I.(University of Tokyo, Japan)

P-21 Methodologies of Ecological and Economic Assessment of Plastics WasteManagement Options 5 97

Ichikawa, M. (Tokyo University of Fisheries, Japan), Forster, R.,Wager, P. (EMPA St. Gallen, Switzerland)

P-22 Life Cycle Assessment of Animal Wastewater Treatment Process 601Waki, M., Tanaka, Y., Osada, T. (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestryand Fisheries, Japan)

P-23 Case Study of LCA about Food Industry 605Oyama, H. (CRC Research Institute, Inc., Japan)

P-24 The Ecobalance of Rain Agroforestation in Vinh an Forest Farm, SoutheastZone, Viet Nam 609

Ba, L. H. (National University, Viet nam)P-25 Assessment of Life Cycle with Core Agro-Products and Impact on Farming

Community 613Rayana K. B. N. (IAMMA(Institute of Agricultural Marketing,Management, & Admin., India)

P-26 Economic Viable Approach for Education and Training of LCA Practitioners 617Rayana K. B. N. (IAMMA(Institute of Agricultural Marketing,Management, & Admin., India)

P-27 Priorities of Life Cycle Assessment in India 621Singh, A. M., Singh, A. K. (National Productivity Council of India,India)

P-28 LCA for decision making in developing countries - a practice perspective 625Som, C , Foerster, R., Werner, F. (EMPA St. Gallen,Switzerland)

P-29 Awareness Campaign and Concientization on the Importance of the Ecosystem 629Kabaseke, R. (Uganda Association for Child Affairs and SocialEnvironmental Development, Uganda)

P-30 Negative Impact of Economic Development on the Ecosystem (The UgandaExperience) 633

Kakuhikire, D. H. (Uganda Programme for Rural Development,Uganda)

P-31 Carcinogenic and toxic agents in waste waters of petroleum plant andpossibility their using in agriculture 637

Shakirova, T. A. (Ministry of ecology and natural resources,Kazakhstan)

Key Word Index & Author Index 641

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