The Tech.

No 11, BOSTON, APRIL 5, 1882, VOL. I,, . ........................ .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

THE TECH.Published on alternate Wednesdays, during the school year, bythe students of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS, 1881-2.rH. WARD LEONARD, '83, President.

HENRY F. ROSS. '82, Secretary.I. W. LITCHFIELD, '85, Treasurer.WALTER B. SNOW, '82.H. B. GALE, '83.A. STUART PRATT, '84.

BOARD OF EDITORS.

ARTHUR W. WALKER, Editor-in-chief.GEO. W. MANSFIELD, '82.

- - '83.F. F. JOHNSON, '84.ARTHUR D. LITTLE, '85.HARVEY S. CHASE, Civil and Mechanical En'g.GRbENVILLE TEMPLE SNELLING, Architecture.CHAS. H. TOMPKINS, JR., Mining and Chemistry.R. TILDEN GIBBONS, Sporting Editor.C. M. WILDER, General Advertising Agent.

TERMS:

Subscription, $2.00 per year in advance.Single copies, fifteen cents each.

Communications requested on matters of general interest.

Copies for sale by A. WILLIAIMS & Co.

ALFRED MUDGE & SON, PRINTERS, 34 SCHOOL STREET, BOSTON.

TrHE demand for lighter reading is continuallybeing made by some of the friends of THE

TECIT. We are told that "All other collegepapers have it"; furthermore, that "It is neces-ess.ary to the welfare of the paper"; "Most ofthe matter is thoroughly scientific"; 5 Who wantsto read nothing but the results of scientific in-vestigation"? "We need more jokes." Suchremarks as these have been made in our pres-ence by several of our patrons, and it is indeedtrue that more light reading is necessary to in-terest a large number of our subscribers. Thequestion then arises as to how we shall supplythat demand. THE TECH is a paper "publishedby the students of the Massachusetts Instituteof Technology," and every student of that insti-tution is responsible, in'part, for its contents.The editors merely superintend the work, and

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draw the line between that which is worthy ofpublication and that which is not. Those whodemand literary rather than scientific articles arepresumably the ones who take the most interestis that class of reading, and hence are best fittedto contribute literary matter. It is impossibleto give the attention to literature that othercollege papers give, for this is distinctively ascientific school, and those who attend it areinterested in scientific subjects. The paperrepresents the students, and must treat of thematter in which they are most interested. Thusfar the students who have tried to help the pa-per along, by contributions and otherwise, havebeen of a scientific turn of mind; noW let ushear also from those of literary taste. Noth-ing would give us more pleasure than to haveall branches of science, art, and literature fullyrepresented.

WJ E have received, through the kindness ofProf. John D. Runkle, a copy of his

paper on " The Manual Element in Education."This paper gives full accounts of all the princi-pal mechanic-art schools, a large number ofpages being devoted to our own Institute. Thearrangement of our shops and the kind ofwork done are shown by numerous illustrations.Included in Prof. Runkle's account is a reportby Mr. Thomas Foley, instructor in our shops.This report deserves the careful attention ofevery member of the Institute. Written by apractical man, and in a practical way, it is amost convincing argument in favor of shop in-struction.

It would be only repetition to say anythingin support of this mode of education. It isbeing adopted all over the world. It seemshard to imagine the existence of such a schoolas this without a practical course in shop-work.

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The shops are perhaps as important as thechemical laboratories. Our present acconmmoda-tions, although admirable as far as they go, arefar too small. We hope the day is not far dis-tant when the Institute shall have all the facili-ties it deserves for this part of its instruction.

Iaatrvibhttti ns.

Stained Glass.

II. ITS HISTORY.

THE origin of glass-making is veiled in ob-scurity, but that it was known to the

Egyptians in very early times is amply provento us both by their hieroglyphics and somespecimens which have been found in graves atThebes. It is extremely doubtful, however, ifthey ever used it in windows, the climate of

Egypt not calling for a protection from the in-clemency of the weather, and all the piecesfound being either ornamental objects or imita-tions of gems. This last shows that they pos-sessed a knowledge of the coloring powers ofthe metallic oxides. The Chinese lave alsobeen acquainted with the art of glass-makingfrom the earliest times, but they seem never tohave developed the industry to any great extent,confining themselves, like the Egyptians, to theimitation of precious stones. Most of the glassused in China at the present day is imported.In Ashantee there have been found numerous

glass beads, called by the natives aggry beads.As the country thereabouts presents no facilitiesfor glass-making, and as the natives possess notradition regarding the manufacture of thesebeads, their occurrence there is accounted forby supposing the Gold Coast to be the Ophir ofSolomon, and that they were carried thencefrom Tyre in large quantities as an article ofcommerce. The gain neidyr or snake ringof the Welsh may also be noted. These aresmall opaque glass rings, usually of a dark-

green color, found all over Wales. The peas-ants believe them to be shed by snakes, andto possess remarkable luck-giving properties.

They were in all likelihood, however, manufac-tured by the Druids, and used by them as

fetishes of some kind to impose upon the ign0.orant. Lastly, at Pompeii and Herculancuiefragments of sheet glass have been discovered;and at Pompeii, in a room attached to one of the

baths, a window actually filled with coloredglass was found. This window is the earliestknown real glass window, and the fact of theglass being colored makes it especially interest-

ing in the discussion of stained glass.Having cited briefly the known examples of

(so to speak) prehistoric glass, I will now turn

to the first authentic accounts we have of glass-making. During the Roman Empire the great

seat of glass-making was Tyre. Pliny tried toaccount for this by the trite fable of the ship-wrecked sailors, attributing the invention of

glass to the Phoenicians. The tradition is thata Phoenician ship, laden with "kale," an alka-line sea-plant, encountering a heavy storm, wasobliged to seek shelter in the mouth of theriver Belus, on which Tyre is situated. Thesailors, wishing to cook some food, looked aboutfor some stones on which to support their pot,but finding none, they used some of the ship'scargo. The fire under the pot caused this alka-line material to unite with the sand on the

beach,and glass was thus unintentionally formed.

The inhabitants of Tyre and Sidon, becomingacquainted with the fact, put it into practice,and established large glass works. This, th ulgh

ingenious of Pliny, and a pretty fable, willhardly bear the light of modern science, since

the temperature required for the combination ofcarbonate of sodium and silica is considerablyhigher than that necessary for the ordinary

operations of cooking. Be this as it may, Tyrepossessed exceptional advantages for the manu-

facture of glass, both geologically and geograph-

ically. The sand at the mouth of the Blelusbeing pure silica, and the extensive commerceof Tyre affording ample facilities for the growthof such an industry as glass-making. From

Tyre the manufacture was transferred to Rome,and then in turn to Venice.

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Down to the reign of Nero all the glass madeat Rome was in the form of articles of luxury andthe famous lachrymatory vases, and all colored.In his reign, however, white crystal glass wasinvented; and Pliny tells us that the emperorgave six thousand sestertia, or about two hun-dred and fifty thousand dollars, for two cups ofcrystal glass. Later, during the reign of Sev-erus, the glass-makers had acquired such greatwealth, and their industry had assumed suchgigantic proportions, that the emperor imposeda tax on them. Many writers seem to thinkthis was the principal cause of their desertingRome for Venice. The glass-houses of Venicewere and are to this day all situated on theisland of Murano. In Howel's Familiar Letters,under the date of May 30, 1621, we find thefollowing quaint observation on the glass-mak-ing at Murano: "Among other little gentileilands which attend the cittie of Venice, theris one called Murano, about the distance of alittle mile, where crystall Glasses are made, and't is a rare sight to see a whole street, where onone side there are about twenty furnaces atwork perpetually, both day and night. It hathbin observed and tryed that if one shoed removea furnace from Murano to Venice herself,-nay, to the other side of the street, - and usethe same men, materials, and fuell, and thesame kind of furnace ev'ry way, yet one cannotbe able to make cristall Glasse in the same per-fection, for bewty and lustre, as they do at Mu-rano; and the cause they alledg is the qualiteeand cleerness of the circumambient air whichhangs ore the place, and favoureth the manufitc-ture, which air is purified and attenuated byconcurrent heats of so many furnaces together,which never extinguish, but are like the vestalfyres that allwayes burn."

The government offered peculiar encourage-ment to all who would engage in the art of glass-making; and it is no doubt due to this fact thatVenice, although not the only place by anymeans where glass was made during the MiddleAges, was at least the leader in the art. Forexample, it conferred the title of " gentleman"

on all the artisans in the glass houses, and Baronvon Souher states in his "Analysis of Nobilityin its Origin" that " so useful were the glass-makers at one period in Venice, and so con-siderable the revenue accruilng to-the republicfrom their manufacture, that to encourage themen engaged in it to remain in Murano, theSenate made them all burgesses of Venice, andallowed nobles to marry their daughters ; whereasif a nobleman marry the daughter of any othertradesman, the issue is not reputed noble."

From Rome and Venice the art of glass-mak-ing was introduced into all the countries ofEurope; but during the dark ages, like all theother arts, it was very much at a stand still. Theart, however, was not entirely abandoned, butwas kept alive in some of the monasteries; forit was some time during the sixth century thatglass first came to be used in windows. Duringthis century we know that windows of coloredglass set in marble frames existed both at St.Sophia, at Constantinople, and in St. Peter's,at Rome. Later in 709, Wilfrid, Bishop ofYork, invited workers in glass from France, nodoubt in order to construct windows in hiscathedral church. G. T. S.

Base Ball.

THE season for out-of-door athletics is againat hand, and it remains to be decided

whether the Institute shall be well representedon the diamond field this year. Already a con-siderable number of applications for positionson the nine has been received by the secretaryof the Athletic Club, and notices have beenposted appointing regular hours for daily prac-tice. Owing to inclement weather, no systematicwork has yet been entered on, although everysuitable day has seen a. good number of men onthe practice ground.

It must be conceded that, apparently, thedisadvantages afforded by our institution for themaintenance of a first-class ball team consider-ably exceed the advantages, in comparison withthose of the ordinary college. Our students aresupposed to come here for work, and by some

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professors and others it seems to be concludedthat they care, or should care, for nothing else;and that all energy expended in physical sports,out-door or in-door, is simply so much time andstrength thrown away. It is needless to restatethe old maxim that "All work, etc.," or sayagain what has already been many times re-peated, that the complete man requires physicalculture as well as intellectual and moral: andthat to develop such culture he must have sys-tematic and continued exercise in the open air.To this end there must be excited an interest inout-door sports, which can be developed in thestudent in no better way than by such games asbase-ball, foot-ball, and the like. But herecomes the question, usually the stumbling-blockto our intellectual guardians: Will not this in-terest rapidly become too absorbing. and provea detriment rather than a help to symmetricaldevelopment ? Probably this question is decidedby each for himself, according to his own biasor the interference which such exercise maybring about in his special department of studyor particular work in the school. But it is notour province to attempt to prove or disprovethe value of athletics; the majority of us regardsuch proof as self-evident, and we come back tothe special question now before us: Shall theInstitute support an organized base-ball team ?

Our record so far has not been extraordinary.Some years ago there existed what was called arepresentative nine; but all signs of such a clubhad disappeared when the movement was set onfoot last year to organize a team which, if act-ively supported by the students, might in thefuture do credit to the institution. It was notwithout some difficulty that a sufficient sum wasraised to procure uniforms and carry on theteam; but by perseverance of those interestedand the help of the Athletic Club, the teamwas organized and a number of games played.Viewed as an experiment, last year's work can-not be regarded as unsuccessful; for certainly anine was established, uniforms procured, andgames were played, and under circumstancesmuch more adverse than those presented to us

this year. We now have a field which, by afew afternoons' work in removing the materialaccumulated during the winter and a thoroughrolling, will be in condition for practice; wehave men already at work preparing for activeplay; and we have, it sees to us, an increasedinterest in the sport among the general students.Our disadvantages are lack of a first-class pralctice ground, and especially lack of time forvisits to distant colleges. But situated as weare, within easy reach of one of the best profes-sional base-ball grounds in the country, withcollege and amateur clubs all about us, ready toplay if we prove ourselves of the right mettle,there seems to be no good reason why, by deter-mined effort, we cannot overcome the difficultiespresented, and at least do as well in our springsport as was done by our foot-ball men in thefall. If it is decided to have a nine and sup-port it as should be done, let every student feela personal interest in its success, and standready to help out when the time comes withsubstantial coin assistance as well as by encoulr-aging words. H HS. s.c.

Changes in our Curriculum.

.iR. EDITOR: The addition of the threec "general courses" outlined in the new

catalogue will meet the approval of every stu-dent at the Institute. Some of the studiesadded are, if properly carried on, of the ut-most practical utility. Special reference isintended to the courses in political economy,the political and constitutional history of theUnited States, modern history, internationallaw, finance, and business law.

It may well be questioned whether the abovesubjects are not of more vital consequence in apractical education than are some other brancheswhose names adorn the pages of our cataloguein connection with all the regular courses.Many students would be glad to substitute oneof these studies for the somewhat rambling lec-tures on English affairs, which, from a student'spoint of view, have been allowed to occupy toomuch of the limited time that can be spared

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from professional work, to the exclusion ofsubjects belonging to our own times and ourown country. It is a signitican!t 'and perhaps ahumiliating fact, but nevertheless a fact, thatmany of our students know less of the politicalhistory of the United States than they do ofthat of some countries of Europe. The valueto every citizen of a knowledge of his owncountry, and of the principles of political econ-omy, can hardly be overestimated. A knowl-edge of business law, too, will be valuable toevery one of our students when they, as engi-neers, chemists, architects, or business men, arecalled upon to take charge of practical enter-prises. The want of instruction of this charac-ter has always been keenly felt by students ofthe Institute, and we may congratulate ourselvesnow that this want is beginning to be apprecia-ted, and that the subjects referred to are placedin the hands of a gentleman qualified to teachthem in a thorough and scientific manner.

G.

Cold Saw for Iron and Steel Rails.

MOST of the rails made in the CambriaWorks at Johnstown, Pa., are cut hot as

they come from the rolls, as is the case in allmanltfactories; but small lots of special lengthsare cut by means of a saw, made by Wm. Sel-lers & Co., of Philadelphia.

The saw is of hardened steel, and is capableof cutting through a steel rail 4" high in 14minutes, although the usual time is nearly 2minutes. Following are the data concerningthe saw and the engine which runs it:-

Thickness of saw, - inch. Diameter (exte-rior), 4 inches. Chord over six teeth, 4- inches.Depth of teeth, -| inch. Radius of curve con-necting base of teeth, i8 inch. Diameter ofpulley on axle of saw, 16 inches. Diameter ofpulley on axle of engine, 8 feet. Cylinder ofengine, 11 x 20 inches (Porter-Allen). Rev-olutions of engine per minute, 330 to 340.Revolutions of saw per minute, 1,980 to 2,040.Average steam pressure, 50 lbs.

Going as this saw does at an average speed

of a little over 4.8 ililes per minute, the metalof the rail escapes before it in a state of fusion.

W. N., '81.

THE in-door meeting of the Athletic Club lastSaturday was attended by over five hundred

people, and may be said to have been, with afew exceptions, a great success. Those excep-tions, which consisted in a falling behind of theaverage record in two or three events, and anunavoidable delay in the carrying out of theprogramme, can certa nly be excused by theexcellence shown in tile majority of the compe-titions, particularly the tugs of war and thepole viaul:ing. The order of events is as fol-lows: -

STANDING HIGH JUMP. - 1. W. T. Ripley,4 ft. 84 in.; 2. E. D. Dorchester, 4 ft. 5 in.;3. H. P. Barr, 4 ft. 4 in.; 4. B. F. Copeland,4ft.

CLIMBING RoPE. -1st Climb: 1. B. F. Cope-land; 2. H. M. Mansfield. 2d Climb: 1. C. A.Deshon; 2. J. L. Kimball. Trial Climub: 1.C. A. Deshon; 2. B. F. Copeland.

HEAVY-WEIGHT TUG OF WAR (Five min-utes' time allowance). - Is' Tug: 1. JamaicaAthletic Association (H. R. Tarbell, Captainand Anchor; E. D. Palmer, I. S. Phinney, W.A. Barr), by 1 in.; 2. M. I. T. A. C. (D.Baker, Anchor; T. C. DuPont, Captain; F H.Cutter, W. D. Fuller). In this the Jamaicasgained an inch on the drop, and neither sidewere able to gain any advantage during the tug.

PUTTING THE SHOT. - 1. F. 0 Harriman,29 ft. 6 in; 2. D. A Campbell, 28 ft. 4 in.

HEAVY-WEIGHT TUG OF WAR. - 2d Tug:Resulted in a tie between the Jamaicas and theInstitute. Tarbell, as usual, got about an inchbetter on the drop, and then, by some first-class sawing, got still more; but towards thelast our men managed, by some frantic pulling,to make it a tie, when time was called.

RUNNING HIGH KICK. - 1. E. D. Dorches-ter, 8 ft. 5 in ; 2. J. K. Simpson, U. A. C.,

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8 ft. 5 in.; 3. T. C. DuPont, 8 ft. 4 in.; G.L. Heins. Simpson and DuPont both filled at8 ft. 5 in.; then on the pan's being loweredboth did .8 ft. 4 in.; but on raising an inch,Sinmpbson did 8 ft. 5 in , DuPont failing.

' " HEAVY-WEIGHT TUG OF WAR. - '7hzrd Tug:1. Jamaicas, by 0; 2. Institute. This was amost exciting tug, the Jamaicas gaining little ifanything on the drop, and both teams pullingfor all they were worth. The result was atie; but Tarbell's protest against the Institute'sbeing coached was sustained by the referees,and the heat was given tlne Jamaicas, who tookthe first prize.

POLE VAULT. -1. J. K. Simpson, U. A. C.,9 ft. 4 in.; 2. E. T. Sturgis, 9 ft. 4 in.; 3. R.T. Gibbons, 8 ft. 8 in. ; 4. E. D. Dorchester,8 ft. 4 in.; 5. H. F. Mandell, H. A. A., 8 ft.2 in. ; 5. C. A. Deshon, 8 ft. 2 in. Simpsonand Sturgis failed at 9 ft. 6 ti., and on lower-ing the bar to 9 ft. 4 in. Simpson went overagain, Sturgis failing. Both men vaulted finely;and had they been wise enough to have resistedthe temptation to go over the bar at low heights,and saved their strength, they would undoubt-edly have done 9 ft. 6 in. As it is, their rec-ords are, with one exception, by far the bestever made in Boston.

MIDDLE-WEIGHT TUG OF WAR (Five minutes'time allowance). - 1st Tug: 1. M. I. T. A. C.(E. C. Hillyer, Anchor; F. M. Haines, Captain;J. Duff, Jr.; F. 0. Harriman), by 81- in. 2.H. A. A. Team (R. Delaney, Anchor; W.H. Manning; H. E. Smith; A. F. MacArthur,Captain). In this tug, Harvard got caught byabout a foot on the drop, and this they re-duced to 8J in. when time was called; our mendoing no pulling, but reserving their strengthfor the Jamaicas.

TWO-HANDED FENCE VAULT.- 1. W. T.Ripley, 6 ft. 11½ in.; 2. C. A. Deshon, 6.11}-(103 in. handicap); 3. J. L. Kimball. WhileRipley's vault is in every respect first-class, hisprevious records have been so far ahead of thisthat it is but justice to say that he was com-pletely tired out in making those preparations

for the games which his office as president ofthe club called for.

MIDDLE-WEIGHT TUG OF WAR. -2d 7cTg:1. Jamaicas, by 3 inches; 2. Institutes. Ourmen got the drop by several inches, and caughtthe Jamaicas at first on Tarbell's sawing : but thenthe ribbon began to crawl' gradually over to theJamaicas, slip, slip, from our side, and heavingon the Jamaicas, till finally all our advantagehad gone; and then one more saw from Tarbellplaced three inches to the Jamaicas' credit, andthis was held till time was called, one of theHarvard team having through a misunderstand-ing gone home. The first prize was awardedthe Jamaicas; and they well deserved it, havingpulled three tugs before with heavier men, andalso being handicapped by not having all oftheir regular team. We wish Tarhell wouldtake a special course at the Institute.

RUNNING HIGH JUMP.-1. J. L. Kimball,5 ft. 31 in.; 2. G. L. Heins, 5 ft. 21 in .; 3.R. T. Gibbons, 5 ft. 1 in.; 4. W. T. Ripley,5 ft.; 4. H. P. Barr, 5 ft.

referee. - Dr. Sargent.Judges.-H . I. Cutler, '81; P. F. Ferris,

H. A. C.Clerk of Course. - t. Ward Leonard.

THE Chauncy Hall School Battalion gave Inexhibition drill last Thursday. The assem-

lbly was sounded at three o'clock, and the firstin order was company drill. Of the four com-panies, Company A excelled both in appearanceand in the manual. Next caine battalion drilland dress parade. After dismissal a pickedsquad participated in the sword exercise. Onthe whole the young gentlemen acquitted them-selves well, and reflected honor on their in-structors and the school. After the exhibitionthe floor was cleared for dancing, and twohours spent in "tripping," etc., to the music ofthe Cadet Band.

Seen at night by the electric lights on theBrunswick,, the Institute is quite a grand oldbuilding.

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ecthanical niStaeertnS

A N article on the Lynn boiler explosion, ini- the Journal of Gommerce for March 25,

will be found interesting to mechanicals, andalso "Steam-Boiler Notes," in the ScientificAmerican of same date.

The condenser for the laboratory engine hasarrived, and preparations are being made forplacing it.

'83 has begun experiments with the indica-tors, the preceding work being of a generalnature about the engine. In the shops, steelforging has been completed and chipping andfiling begun.

Mr. Davis read a very interesting paper ongas engines before N. M. E.

The third-year civils, at the instance of Pres-ident Walker, will shortly make an accuratesurvey of the square which contains the Insti-tute buildings, as a basis for plans and estimates on the large building to be erected. Theovercrowded condition of our lecture-rooms andlaboratories evinces the pressing need of in-creased accommodations for our students, whichcan only be supplied by the erection of a con-venient and commodious building. It is alsostated that probably the shops and gymnasiumwill be removed to the Ross field, as the newbuilding must occupy their present position.

During the absence of Prof. Vose the civilsvisited the " City of Berlin" in a body, spend-ing an afternoon in examining the vessel.

'84 mechanicals have made the annual visitto the Charlestown Navy Yard.

It is stated that belts made from mineraltanned leather are not only cheaper but con-siderably stronger than those made from leathertanned by the usual process.

A belt was made in Berlin lately, six feetthree inches wide, and weighing a ton and ahalf. It required 200 of the largest and heavi-est ox hides tomake it., and its cost was over$4,000. It is to transmit 500 horse-power.

IR. KIDDER has been taken quite ill, andProf. Clarke has been obliged to assume

his duties; Prof. Clarke has set several mem-bers of the department to writing criticisms ofsome of the prominent buildings in town.

The three regular Seniors are at work on asolution of one of the arched ribs in the trainhouse of the Providence Depot.

The new problems are, for the Seniors, agate and lodge at the entrance to a FrenchChateau; and for the Juniors, the six-columnproblem.

Mr. Crowninshield delivered a lecture 'onstained glass, at his studio, on Thursday after-noon. The Art School and the departmentwere both well represented. Quite a numberof outsiders were present also.

The lectures we spoke of in the issue beforelast will begin with three lectures on ornament,by Mr. Cummings, on Thursday afternoons;the first lecture to be given on Thursday, April13. Mr. Rotch will come along later. Mr.Van Brunt has informed the department th:ltunfortunately he will be too busy to give hiscourse this spring.

The architects have organized a boat crew,and will begin practice on the Charles as soonas a boat can be obtained. The members of thecrew are as follows: Hooker, Trowbridge,Kingsbury, Fisher, Jenney, Sunderland, Drach.

The finest of the Amherst College buildingswas partially destroyed by fire last Wednesdayevening. Fine collections of minerals, physicalapparatus, paintings, etc., were destroyed, theestimated loss being about a quarter of a milliondollars.

Messrs. 0. D. Skinner and W. B. Myers, ofLafayette College, Easton, Pa., have been visit-ing brother " Sigs" in the Institute.

The date for the annual ball has been fixedfor Friday, April 21. Tickets now ready.

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in G emtral*

EIGHTY-FOUR'S class supper comes off atYoung's this evening at half past six.

Examination in qualitative on the 10th, for'85.

'85 is slowly recovering from another trigo-nometry examination.

Miss Geraldine Ulmar was at the dance onThursday.

The Senior miners have begun a course in theblacksmith shop.

The janitor has put a much-needed coat ofpaint on the gym. boxes.

The second and third divisions in assayingcomplete their work in that subject next week.

One of the Techs has a goat which he says ismore aesthetic than Oscar Wilde, - it's all butt.

A cutting from the Herald on the bulletinboard announced that "Chip " was " doomed todeath."

A special '84 has been testing the action ofacid sulphate as a flux in reducing chloride ofsilver.

"Where's Mr. Robbins? Oh, there he is.Why, what's the matter with him? By gra-cious ! he's got his w-- c--- off!"

No more slamming of doors ! The portals ofthis institution have been supplied with.a pat-ented device for stopping the noise.

The social life of the Institute is " booming"just at present with athletic meetings, prizedrill, Senior ball and class suppers, besidesvarious secret-society banquets.

Prof. Vose has just returned from a few days,absence in Maine, bringing joy for the poorcivils, who were getting quite despondent athis prolonged stay.

Mr. A. N. Hardy, photographer of the grad-uating class,'has just issued a neat little paperentitled Boston Photographer. It is publishedquarterly, and is instructive to all.

ITwo Sophs and two Freshmen tried duck-

hunting at the Cape a week ago last Saturday.Never mind the results. They will assure youthat the hunting was fine.

Supt. Johnson, with Col. Ball and severalladies and gentlemen, recently visited the min-ing laboratory to see the.working of some of thegold ore from their mines near' Lisbon, N. H.About 2,400 lbs. is being worked.

Hadley's "'Notes on Stirring" have not yetbeen papyrographed. They will, however, beout in a few days, and with them will be givena few notes on "Decantation." We advise theSophs. to immediately provide themselves.

At a meeting of the class of'84, held March15, Messrs. Jarvis, Rotch, and Pratt wereelected to serve on the Senior ball committee.Messrs. Jarvis, Otis, and Johnson were chosenas a committee of arrangements for the classsupper.

It is with pleasure that we note the estab-lishment of a chapter of the Sigma Chi frater-nity in our midst. This is one of the five largestcollege fraternities in America, and will, itis hoped, be a great benefit to the social andliterary life of the Institute.

Mr. Manning, '82, with two other mechan-icals, recently indicated the engine in the min-ing laboratory. The evidences of good ordershown by their instruments were very flatter-ing, and are due to the efficiency and watchful-ness of our worthy friend "Jack" Gooding.

A reward is offered for a method of gencr-ating pure chlorine, on a large scale, for theconversion of stannous chloride into stannicchloride, and then for a test for the stannic inpresence of the stannous. Apply to M-sR--, '82. s

The ingenuity displayed and time wasted byMr. Smith, '83, in making~watch glasses, etc.,from broken flasks, is remarkable. We movethat all cracked flasks, etc., be handed to himfor utilization. A recompense would be thepresentation of nine tenths of the product.

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A short time since the Institute was treatedto a novelty in company drill. All the privateswere excused and the non-commissioned officersacted as privates. Major Alexander took com-mand of the company, Capt. Hunt acted aslieutenant, and the rest of the officers filled theplaces of sergeants and corporals.

Quite a large-sized mouse was caught in thequantitative lab. the other day. No harmwas done, but several speculated wildly as towhat in the world that mouse lived on in thatlocality. Whether he, she, or it lived on wood,bricks, bottles, or the reagents therein, was leftto the learned chemists and the janitor.

At a meeting of the officers of the C. C. M.I. T. held last Wednesday, it was decided tooffer two medals, one gold and the other silver,for the competition in the manual of arms.The drill will take place about the first of May.It is hoped that every man will take an interestin the affair and compete for a medal. The non-commissioned officers and privates have decidedto hold a dance immediately after the prize drill,and a committee consisting of Sergeant McKim,Corporals Ames and J. M. Kimball was ap-pointed to make necessary arrangements.

Our '82 physicist is making some curious dis-coveries. He inserted two standard thermome-ters in an oil bath and heated them to about theboiling point of mercury. In an Alverquistthermometer the zero point before heating was+ .2; but after heating for two weeks at 280 ° C.,and one week at 350° , the zero point was raisedto + 18.5 °. The other thermometer, a standardBowdin, changed 12 5 degrees. The experi-menter explains it as follows: The glass bulb,[after blowing and filling, is always under an ini-tial strain due to rapid cooling. When it isagain heated to high temperatures, the initialstrain is removed by the glass becoming viscous.Now, by the slow cooling in the oil bath, nonew strain is introduced, and the consequenceis a change in volume of the bulb.

xxcthanges.

H'pIE new names which appear in the lists ofeditors in the last issues of many of our

exchanges indicate that we have reached theseason of the annual change in editorial staffs.In most cases the control of the paper passes tomembers of the Junior and Sophomore classes,relieving the Senior of all editorial responsibilityin anticipation of the extra work incident to thefinal term of the four-years' course. The man-ner of making the appointments varies in differ-ent colleges. By the most commonly acceptedplan, the incoming editors are elected by theretiring board from those members of the thirdand second year classes who, by their contri-butions to the paper during the preceding year,have shown themselves best, qualified for thepositions.

In a few colleges the competition for positionson the leading papers is oftentimes excessive;and of some, the Yale Lit., for example, it issaid that an appointment on the staff is regardedas the highest literary distinction that the col-lege can bestow. In the cases of other paperson our table, judging from their contents, wedo not imagine that this competition is extraor-dinary.

Under the common arrangement the wholeresponsibility of the management of the paperrests with the editors; and according as themanagement is a failure or success will they findthemselves with a deficit to be made up or afund to be divided at the end of the year.Each man being individually and pecuniarilyresponsible, it is for his own advantage to makethe publication as interesting as possible to hisbrother students and others; while his pride inhis own work and in the reputation of his col-lege abroad, which depends not a little uponthe quality of the student publications, combineto incite him to do his best.

Our own plan differs somewhat from this ar-rangemenat, the editors being appointed by aboard of directors, elected from the four classes,who are responsible to the school for the man-

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agement of the paper and the proper selectionof the staff. By this method it was intended torelieve the editors of all pecuniary responsibility,and leave them at liberty to carry on the paperin the manner deemed for the best interests ofthe school. Whether this arrangement willwork as expected yet remains to be proved; sofar it appears to be generally satisfactory, al-though the greater part of the work for thepaper has been done by a comparatively fewmembers of the institution. The time for elec-tion of the new boards, both of directors andeditors, has not been decided; and it may bewell for our management in arranging the mat-ter to take into consideration the usages of othercolleges more experienced than ourselves in theart of successful journalism.

Our Tuftonian friends are somewhat exercisedover our alleged disrespect for their publication.Sorry, Tuffy, but don't be discouraged. Don'tparade the mortar-boards on the street anymore, and give up the candy pulls; devote alittle more time to preparation, and perseverancemay work wonders.

The cost of the proposed new gymnasium forAmherst is placed at $50,000, $30,000 havingalready been pledged.

The University of Michigan will present aFrench play this spring.

The schedule of intercollegiate base-ballgames will be found in a number of exchangesin the reading-room.

Prof.: "How is power applied to this ma-chine ?" Junior: " It is turned by a crank."Prof.: " Just step forward and illustrate."

Record.

Yale closed her foot-ball season with overtwelve hundred dollars in the treasury.

Instructor in logic: " Mr. - , what is theuniversal negation ?" Student: " Not prepared,sir."- Index.

Of Harvard's valedictorians for the last fiftyyears, not one has used tobacco.

There are 7,000 Americans now studying in

German schools and universities. - Ex.

It is rumored that a large number of Prince-

ton students are to publish a card setting forththe injustice of the restraint which President

McCosh places upon their recreations. Theyclaim such action on his part is unjust and inju-

ri)us, and belittles them needlessly in the eyes

of the world. - Echo. We wish it understood

that the above rumor is entirely false, and wehope our exchanges will correct the error.

Princetonian.

Yale's new athletic grounds comprise thirty

acres. There are three base-ball fields and arifle range, besides tennis, archery, foot-ball andcricket fields. - Ex.

The retiring Senior editors of the Vassar

Miscellany plume themselves upon the fact thatthey have published more marriage notices thanany previous board. - Ex.

We sat alone: your little handLay on the table by my own.

Only a little hand, and yetI cannot, while I live, forgetThe tremor of profound regret

When I saw how your hand had grown.

We parted, but your little handLay on the table cold and fair;

Wide was the scope the numbers spanned:Three bright-robed queens serene and bland,Two rampant Jacks, a happy band,

While I had only one small pair.Student.

Students are urged to avail themselves of the

advantages of the Art Museum and Natiral

History Rooms, both of which are open onSaturdays.

One of our boys, who believes in the dissem-ination of knowledge, has his boarding-house

waiter trained so fine that he has only to saly,

"Pass the Ca COs + H120," to get the milk ex crytime. Our friend says he don't know the sym-bol for oleomargarine, or he would know what

to do about the butter.

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