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The Sutton Hoo. Anglo-Saxon Ship Burial. Sutton Hoo Ship Burial. Anglo-Saxon England, @ 625 AD Burial of a longship - @ 90 ft - with treasures Believed to be a memorial to Raedwald, Bretwalda of East Anglia & surrounding area - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Sutton Hoo Ship Burial
• Anglo-Saxon England, @ 625 AD• Burial of a longship - @ 90 ft - with treasures• Believed to be a memorial to Raedwald,
Bretwalda of East Anglia & surrounding area• 263 objects of gold, garnet, silver,bronze,
enamel, iron, wood, bone, textiles, feathers and fur uncovered. They even uncovered a ladybird and the crushed remains of a flowering plant.
• No evidence of a body or ashes
Why is it significant?
• Demonstrates that literary works like Beowulf accurately represent Anglo-Saxon culture
• Demonstrates that “Dark Ages” after the fall of the Roman Empire were not so “dark”
• Wealth• Travel• Communications• Art
The Site
http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~huma103/lec9IV_V.html#D3E24_32
England & France
Eastern England
http://www.battle1066.com/sutton2.shtml
http://www.archaeology.co.uk/ca/timeline/saxon/suttonhoo/suttonhoo.htm
http://www.suttonhoo.org/index.html
“Bid my warriorsraise a splendid moundon the shore-cliffsafter my funeral firethat a remembrance shall
tower high on Hronesness.Sea-farers shall afterwardcall it Beowulf's Mound.”
The Dig
Why is it called “Sutton Hoo?”
• Name of the estate of Mrs. Edith Pretty• Sutton is a village in Suffolk. A “hoo” is a spur of
a hill. Sutton Hoo was the name of an estate near Sutton, and the burial site is named after that estate.
• 1937, Mrs. Pretty decided to have some of the burial mounds on her estate examined
• 1937 – 38, local archaeologist from Ipswich Museum begins work
• May, 1939, determines from placing of iron rivets that an entire ship was buried
Chronology1939
• May – archaeologist from Cambridge takes charge of dig• July 21 – first piece of jewelry found• August – Coroner’s Inquest determines that the treasure belongs to
Mrs. Pretty• August – Mrs. Pretty decides to donate the treasure to the nation• August 25 – digging is concluded, all 263 items are sent to the
British Museum• Nine days later, war begins between Britain & Germany• Treasures are stored, wrapped in damp moss, in the London
Underground until after the War
http://csis.pace.edu/grendel/projs4a/sutton.htm
http://www.archaeology.co.uk/ca/timeline/saxon/suttonhoo/suttonhoo.htm
The Treasure
RoyalAccoutrements
http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/
http://www.archaeology.co.uk/ca/timeline/saxon/suttonhoo/suttonhoo.htm
http://www.archaeology.co.uk/ca/timeline/saxon/suttonhoo/suttonhoo.htm
http://www.wuffings.co.uk/MySHPages/SHTreasure/SHHelm.htm
http://www.wuffings.co.uk/MySHPages/SHTreasure/SHHelm.htm
37 coins3 blanks2 ingots
TheSilver
http://www.archaeology.co.uk/ca/timeline/saxon/suttonhoo/suttonhoo.htm
The Bowls
Fluted Bowl with Handles - Mediterranean
Silver Bowl Set With Christian Motifs
Set of Christening Spoons – “Saulus” & “Paulus”
http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/eliot/722/Sutthoo.htm#
Bronze Coptic Bowl – Egypt
http://www.archaeology.co.uk/ca/timeline/saxon/suttonhoo/suttonhoo.htm
Bronze Hanging Bowl - Celtic
http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/kids/sutton_pics5.html
Wooden Tub with Iron Fittings
• The hanging bowl with suspension chain
• Sometimes referred to as the Cauldron
Party On…
Ic wæs wæpenwiga. Nu mec wlonc þeceð
geong hagostealdmon golde ond sylfore,
woum wirbogum; hwilum weras cyssað.
Hwilum ic to hilde hleoþre bonne
wilgehleþan; hwilum wycg byreþ
mec ofer mearce; hwilum merehengest
fereð ofer flodas frætwum beorhtne,
hwilum mægða sum minne gefylleð
bosm beaghroden; hwilum ic bordum sceal,
heard, heafodleas, behlyþed licgan,
hwilum hongige hyrstum frætwed,
wlitig on wage, þær weras drincað,
freolic fyrdsceorp. Hwilum folcwigan
on wicge wegað, þonne ic winde sceal
sincfag swelgan of sumes bosme;
hwilum ic gereordum rincas laðige
wlonce to wine; hwilum wraþum sceal
stefne minre forstolen hreddan,
flyman feondsceaþan. Frige hwæt ic hatte.
Once I was a plain warrior's weapon--
Now a stripling prince wraps my body
With bright twists of silver and gold.
Sometimes men kiss me, or carry me to battle
Where I call my lord's companions to wage war.
Bright with jewels, I am borne by a horse
Over hard plains, sometimes by the sea-stallion
Over storm waves. Sometimes a woman,
Ring-adorned, fills my breast for the table--
Later I lie stripped of sweet treasure, to lie
Hard and headless on the long boards.
Clothed in gold, I may grace the wall
Where men sit drinking, a soldier's gem.
Wound with silver, I sometimes ride
A warrior's horse, swallowing soldier's breath,
Blasting battle-song. Sometimes I bring
Bold men to wine, sometimes I sing caution
-Or rescue thieves' catch or scatter foes
For my lord. Say what I am called.
Riddle 12 – The Exeter Book
http://www2.kenyon.edu/AngloSaxonRiddles/Riddles/Riddle12.htm
http://www.highfiber.com/~bohemond/Bootshop/horn-page/sutton_hoo_horn.htm
Spoke then the queen of the Danes:"Receive this cup,my dear lord,giver of treasure.”l. 1167 - 1169
The Auroch Drinking Horns
Maple-wood Bottles
http://people.westminstercollege.edu/faculty/mmarkowski/212/6/sut1.JPG
“…Day after day the music rangLoud in that hall, the harp’s rejoicingCall and the poet’s clear songs…”
l. 89 - 92
http://www.saphir.u-net.com/lyre/
Accoutrements
The Buckle
http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/compass/ixbin/
http://www.wuffings.co.uk/MySHPages/SHTreasure/SHHelm.htm
Buckles forSword Belt
http://www.wuffings.co.uk/MySHPages/SHTreasure/SHHelm.htm
Fittings for Sword Belt
Fittings for Sword Hanger
http://www.wuffings.co.uk/MySHPages/SHTreasure/SHHelm.htm
Shoulder Cloak Clasp – one of a pair
http://www.wuffings.co.uk/MySHPages/SHTreasure/SHHelm.htm
Decorations & Bosses for Sword, Scabbard
Weapons & Armor
The Shield…”My lord HygelacMight think less of me if I let my swordGo where my feet were afraid to, if I hidBehind some broad linden shield…”
l. 435 - 438
http://www.archaeology.co.uk/ca/timeline/saxon/suttonhoo/suttonhoo.htm
Bird of Prey
Dragon
Mail Shirt
The Axe
Spears
• Originals • Reconstructions
TheSword
http://www.wuffings.co.uk/MySHPages/SHTreasure/SHHelm.htm
... cherished swords by rust eaten through, since they in earthen fathom [a] thousand winters there had lain.
l. 3048 - 3050
TheHelm
http://www.wuffings.co.uk/MySHPages/SHTreasure/SHHelm.htm
http://csis.pace.edu/grendel/projs4a/sutton.htm
Then a proud Danish warrior asked them:"From where have you carriedthese gold-inlaid shields,these shirts of mail,masked helmets, and battle shafts?I am Hrothgar's messenger and officer.Never have I seen braver strangers.I expect you're hereto find adventure, not asylum.“
l. 237 - 243
http://www.wuffings.co.uk/MySHPages/SHTreasure/SHHelm.htm
“Boar shapes flashed
Above their cheek-guards,
The brightly forged
Work of goldsmiths,
Watching over
Those stern-faced men.”
l. 303 - 306
What is NOT in the burial?
1. No body or ashes of a cremated body.
Raedwald converted to Christianity, then renounced it. There are non-Christian and Christian artifacts in the burial. Perhaps Raedwald’s body is buried somewhere in consecrated ground, just in case there is a heaven. But if there is a Valhalla instead, Raedwald has everything he needs.
What is NOT in the burial?
2. No rings. Anglo-Saxon Kings were supposed to be “Ring-givers,” so evidently all his rings were given out before he died:
“Then that brave king gave the golden
Necklace from around his throat to Wiglaf,
Gave him his gold-covered helmet, and his rings,
And his mail shirt, and ordered him to use them well”
l. 2809 - 2812
Wiglaf hurriedfrom his wounded lord,obeyed the battle-sick one,rushed in his mailunder the cave's roof.There by a seatthe brave young man sawmany precious jewels,shining gold on the ground,and works of arton the walls.
There in the dragon's denWiglaf saw the cupsof ancient men,ornaments fallen.There were helmets,old and rusty,and many arm-ringstwisted with skill.(Treasure, gold in the ground, may be easilyseized by any man,hide it who will.)
l. 2752 - 2766