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The Sutra of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha's

Fundamental Vows

Chapter 1:MiraclesIn The Palace Of TheTrayastrimsasHeaven

Thus have Iheard.Once theBuddha was abiding inTrayastrimsasHeaven inorder to expound

theDharma to his mother. At that time,all theBuddhas and greatBodhisattva-Mahasattvas,

an inexpressible number, hailing from countless worlds in the ten directions, came and

assembled there. They praised the fact thatBuddha Sakyamuni, in evil times with their five

kinds of defilement, was still able to manifest his inconceivablepower of great wisdom and

miracles in order to regulate and tame stubborn beings so that they could come to know

suffering and takedelight in theDharma.Each of them sent hisattendant to greet theWorld

Honored One.

At thattime,theTathagata smiled and emitted hundreds, thousands, and myriads of millions

of great bright clouds-namely, the great bright clouds ofperfection,the great bright clouds of

mercy andcompassion,the great bright clouds ofwisdom,the great bright clouds ofPrajna,

the great bright clouds ofSamadhi,the great bright clouds of Srivatsa, the great bright clouds

of blissful virtues, the great bright clouds of meritoriousvirtues, the great bright clouds of

refuge and the great bright clouds of praise.

Having emitted such indescribably bright clouds, he also produced all kinds of subtle and

wonderful voices-namely, the voices of the Dana-Paramita, the Sila-Paramita, the Ksanti-

Paramita,theVirya-Paramita,theDhyana-Paramita,thePrajna-Paramita,thevoices ofMercy

andCompassion,ofRejoicing andAbandonment,ofDeliverance,of Non-Outflow, ofWisdom,

of GreatWisdom,of Lion's Roar,of GreatLion's Roar,of CloudThunder and of Great Cloud

Thunder.

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After he had produced such indescribable, indescribable voices, countless millions ofdevas,

nagas,demons anddeities from theSaha World and otherrealms also came and assembled in

Trayastrimsas Palace. The devas from the Four CelestialKings' Heavens arrived. From

Trayastrimsas, Suyama, Tusita, Nirmanarati, Paranirmitavasavarti, Brahmakayika,

Brahmapurohita, Mahabrahma (Great PureHeaven), Parittabhas (Little-Light Heaven),

Apramanabha (Infinite-Light Heaven), Abhasvara (Light-Sound Heaven), Parittasubhas (Little-

Purity Heaven), Apramanasubhas (Infinite-Purity Heaven), Subhakirtsna (Universal-Pure

Heaven), Punyaprasavas (Bliss-Birth Heaven), Anabhraka (Cloudless Heaven), Brhatphala

(Broad-Fruition Heaven), Asanjnisattva (No-Thought Heaven), Aurha (No-Trouble Heaven),

Atapa (No-HeatHeaven),Sudarsana (Good-to- SeeHeaven), Sudrsa (Well-AppearingHeaven),

Akanistha (Form-AcmeHeaven), and theNaivasamjnanasamjnayatana (Neither-Thinking-Nor-

Not-Thinking Heaven)-all the multitudes of devas, from the heavens, together with the

multitudes ofnagas,demons anddeities assembled in theTrayastrimsas Palace.

There also came from different lands in other quarters and from the Saha World suchdeities

as those of the seas, of the rivers,of the forests, of the mountains, of theearth,of the streams

and lakes, of the crops, of the day, of the night, of the airspace, of the sky, of food and of

vegetation. All assembled there.

There also came from different lands in other quarters and from the Saha World such great

demonkings as the Evil-Eye DemonKing, the Suckle-Blood DemonKing, the Consume-Spirit

DemonKing, the Devour-Ova DemonKing, the Give-Disease DemonKing, the

WelfareDemonKing and the Great-Love-RespectDemonKing,and they all assembled there.

At that time, Buddha Sakyamuni said to the DharmaPrinceBodhisattva-MahasattvaManjusri,

"Look at all theseBuddhas,Bodhisattvas,devas,nagas,pretas anddeities,from thisworld and

from other worlds, from this land and from other lands, now arriving here to gather in

Tryastrimsas. Do you have anyidea how many there are?"

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8/13/2019 The Sutra and the Life of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha

3/48

Manjusri addressed the Buddha, saying, "O World Honored One, I could not tell how many

there are even if I tried for one thousandkalpas to use my miraculouspower to determine the

number."

TheBuddha said toManjusri,"I, too, cannot complete the counting even with thevision of my

Buddha eyes. Altogether they constitute those beings already delivered, those not yetdelivered, those still to be delivered and also those representing work already accomplished

and yet to be accomplished byKsitigarbha Bodhisattva throughoutinfinite,longkalpas."

Manjusri addressed theBuddha,saying, "OWorld Honored One,since, in the past, I have long

cultivatedgood roots and have achieved UnobstructedWisdom,I ought to be able to believe

and accept your words onhearing what you have just said. However, thebeings of the lesser

vehicles,devas,nagas and the rest of the eight categories, as well assentient beings of future

generations, will certainly cherishdoubts even if they hearTathagata's sincere words. Even if

they accepted your words temporarily, there would inevitably and unavoidably be some

scandalizing and slandering of yourviews. I onlyhope that you, OWorld Honored One,willspeak extensively about thosedeedsBodhisattva-MahasattvaKsitigarbha performed during his

causal states and whatvows he took so that he was able to accomplish such inconceivable

things."

The Buddha said to Manjusri, "Let us take the Tri-sahasra-maha-sahasra-loka-dhatu of the

three great chiliocosms (universes); from this let us take one piece of each and all of the

different kinds of vegetation-including grass,trees,bushes,rice,hemp,bamboo and reeds-and

one part of every kind of mountain, rock and dust-mote. Then let us consider each piece and

part to be a separate GangesRiver. Then, again, take one grain of the sand in all those

inconceivably great number ofGangesRivers as one chiliocosm, and afterwards take each mote

of dust within each chiliocosm as onekalpa.Finally, consider all the dust grains accumulated in

each of these kalpas to be, themselves, converted to kalpas. BodhisattvaKsitigarbha has

endured one thousand times longer than this vast length of time since he realized the ten

grades ofaccomplishment,not to mention the length oftimeBodhisattvaKsitigarbha spent in

the sainthood of Hearer and Pratyeka-Buddhahood. O Manjusri, this Bodhisattva's majestic,

solemnvows are, indeed,inconceivable!

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8/13/2019 The Sutra and the Life of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha

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"If, in the future, a good man or good woman should hear the name of thisBodhisattva and

should praise orworship him or invoke hisname or donateofferings to him as well as paint,

sculpt or mold his image, he or she will bereborn in thethirty-threeheavens for one hundred

turns and will never again fall onto theevilpaths ofexistence.

"O Manjusri, this BodhisattvaKsitigarbha in the past, prior to an inexpressible, inexpressible

number ofkalpas,assumed theform of and tookbirth as the son of a rich man. At thattime,

there was a Buddha bearing the title of LION'S-EXCITEMENT-MYRIAD-DEED-ALL-

ACCOMPLISHED TATHAGATA. When the elder's son saw theBuddha'sexcellentform adorned

with thousands of blessings, he inquired of the Buddha what deeds he had performed and

whatvows he had taken to achieve his presentexcellentform,so that he himself might be able

to acquire such aform.

"Then the LION'S-EXCITEMENT-MYRIAD-DEED-ALL-ACCOMPLISHED TATHAGATA told the

elder's son, "If you want to realize thisentity,you must deliver allsufferingsentient beings for

vast ages."

"O Manjusri, then the elder's son consequently took his vow, saying, `I now vow that I will

provide, throughout incalculable numbers of kalpas in the future, for the sake of all sinful,

sufferingbeings on thesix paths ofexistence,extensive expediencies tocause them all to be

delivered andliberated before I myself realizeBuddhahood.'

"He took such a greatvow in front of thatBuddha,and even now, after hundreds, thousands,

myriads, millions, and eveninconceivable numbers ofkalpas,he is still aBodhisattva.

"Moreover, there was in the past, an inconceivable number ofkalpas ago, aBuddha bearing

the title of ENLIGHTENMENT-FLOWER-SERENITY-SELF-SOVEREIGNTY-KING TATHAGATA. The

life-span of thatBuddha was four hundred thousand million asamkhyekakalpas.

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8/13/2019 The Sutra and the Life of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha

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"During the semblance dharma period there was abrahman girl, who, having profound and

deepblessing due todeeds in her past lives,was admired and respected by thepeople,and

guarded by devas in her walking, standing, sitting and lying down. However, her mother

practiced wicked ways and often slighted theThree Jewels. At that time, this holy girl tried

many expediencies to persuade her mother to adopt correct views,but her mother was not

thoroughly convinced. Soon thereafter, the mother passed away, and herpudgala (soul) fell

into the UninterruptedHell (Avici). TheBrahman girl knew that her mother, not believing in

the laws ofcausation,would inevitably bereborn into anevilexistence according to herkarma;

so she sold her house and bought vast amounts ofincense andflowers and otherofferings to

be generously donated to the stupas and temples of the Buddha of that era. She saw in a

temple the image of the ENLIGHTENMENT-FLOWER-SERENITY-SELF-SOVEREIGNTY-KING

TATHAGATA carved and painted in august forms and with perfectdignity.Then theBrahman

girl paid obeisance to thesacred image, showing extra reverence. She held deep in herheart

the following thought: `The Buddha is the Great Enlightened One, possessing all kinds of

wisdom. If he were in this world,he would be able to tell me of my mother's whereabouts

after herdeath.' Then theBrahman girl wept for quite a longtime while she gazed admiringly

at theTathagata.

"Suddenly sheheard somevoice from midair, saying, `O weeping girl, do not be toosorrowful,

for I shall now reveal to you your mother's whereabouts.'

"Thebrahman girl, with palms joined, pointed directly to the midair, saying, `May Iknow who

theSacred andVirtuous One is who relieves myworry?Since I lost my mother, I think about

her day and night; but there has been no one I could ask to tell me of her whereabouts.'

"The voice from midair responded to the girl again, saying, `I am the one whom you are

worshipping, the ENLIGHTENMENT-FLOWER-SERENITY-SELF-SOVEREIGNTY-KING TATHAGATA.

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Seeing that you remember and cherish your mother much more than ordinary beings, I

manifest to reveal her whereabouts to you.'

"Thebrahman girl,hearing this, prostrated herself abruptly on the ground, badly hurting her

wholebody.Her attendants raised her up and held her steady for quite a longtime while she

regained her balance and composure. She then addressed the midair, saying, `May theBuddha,in hismercy andcompassion,tell me forthrightly my mother's whereabouts, for it is

possible that I maydie very shortly due to my presentphysical andmental state!'

"The ENLIGHTENMENT-FLOWER-SERENITY-SELF-SOVEREIGNTY-KING TATHAGATA addressed

theholy girl, saying, `After having completed youroffering,go directly home, sit reverently and

contemplate myname and title; then you willknow your mother's whereabouts.'

"Then thebrahman girl concluded herworship of theBuddha and returned to her house. She

thought about her mother very deeply and sat reverently and contemplated the

ENLIGHTENMENT-FLOWER-SERENITY-SELF-SOVEREIGNTY-KING TATHAGATA.

"After one day and one night she found herself arriving at some unknown seashore. Thewater

in the sea was boiling. There were many wicked beasts, all with ironbodies, flying over or

walking upon the sea and running and chasing in an east-westdirection.She saw that men andwomen, hundreds of thousands of myriads in number, emerged from and submerged again

into the sea, at which time they were snatched up and devoured by the wickedbeasts. She

also sawyaksas with different forms-some with many hands and numerouseyes,others with

many feet and multiple heads, and still others with teeth as sharp as swords protruding from

their mouths-chasing and herding thesesufferingpeople into the claws of those wickedbeasts,

who snapped at and seized them by either their heads or their feet. Thosebeasts had all sorts

of horribleforms which one dared not gaze upon too long. TheBrahman girl, at thistime,by

virtue of hermindfulness of theBuddha,was, naturally, not frightened.

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"There appeared a demonking named No Poison (Vandana), who prostrated himself before

her and welcomed her. He addressed theholy girl, saying, `Well, OBodhisattva,whatcauses

you to come here?'

"Whereupon theBrahman girl asked thedemonking,`What place is this here?'

"Vandana replied, `This is the sea to thewest of the GreatIron Enclosed Mountain.'

"Theholy girl asked, `I haveheard thathell is in the midst of the Cakravada. Is it in fact so?'

"Vandana replied, `It is true that there arehells there.'

"Theholy girl asked, `How or in whatmanner did I arrive at this place ofhells?'

"Vandana replied, `Either by majestic orkarmicpower.Nobody can come here without one of

these two.'

"Theholy girl asked again, `Whatcauses thewater to rise and boil? And why are there so many

sufferingpeople and wickedbeasts here?'

"Vandana replied, `Thosesufferingpeople are newly deceasedbeings fromJambudvipa,who

committedevil.Since for forty-nine days none of their heirs have performed anymeritorious

orvirtuous act to save and deliver them from theirsuffering and since they did not create any

virtuouscauses in theirlifetime,they must be committed to the varioushells according to their

karma.Naturally, they must first pass through this sea. Ten myriadyojanas to theeast of this

sea there is another sea, where the severity of thesuffering is double what it is here. To the

east of that sea there is still another sea, where thesuffering is yet again double. Thissuffering

is the result of the evilcauses of the three kinds of karma; and these places are known

collectively as theKarmic Sea.'

"Theholy girl also askedDemonKingVandana,`Where are thehells?'

"Vandana replied, `The grand hells are within the three karmic seas. They number in thehundreds of thousands. Each one is different from the others. There are eighteen grand ones,

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and there are five hundred secondary ones, each and all being centers of

immeasurablesuffering.There are hundreds of thousands ofhells in the next category, also, all

being places ofimmeasurablesuffering.'

"The holy girl again addressed the great demonking, saying, `My mother died not very long

ago. I wonder where herspirit went.'

"Thedemonking asked theholy girl, `What did your mother do in herlifetime?'

"The holy girl replied, `My mother cherished some perverted views, and she ridiculed the

Three Jewels.Sometimes she believed for a little while and then would turn irreverent again.

Though shedied recently, I still do notknow her whereabouts.'

"Vandana asked, `What was your mother'sname?'

"Theholy girl replied, `Both my mother and father wereBrahmans.My father'sname was Silo

Sardrsa; my mother'sname was Yueh Ti Li.'

"Vandana joined his palms and addressed the Bodhisattva, saying, `I wish that you would

return to your own place withoutworry,remembrance orsorrowful musing. It has been three

days since the sinful woman Yueh Ti Li ascended to heaven.It is said that, byvirtue of her filial

offspring's donations to the stupa and temple of the ENLIGHTENMENT-FLOWER-SERENITY-

SELF-SOVEREIGNTY-KING TATHAGATA on her mother's behalf, not only was the mother of the

Bodhisattva able to leavehell,but also all the sinfulpeople inAviciHell were able, on that day,

to receive theblessing to bereborn with her.'

"The demonking, having said this, withdrew with palms joined. The Brahman girl awoke as

from adream.Sherealized the situation and then made a greatvow in front of thestupa andimage of the ENLIGHTENMENT-FLOWER-SERENITY-SELF-SOVEREIGNTY-KING TATHAGATA:

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`May I, through all future kalpas, provide extensive expediencies for the deliverance and

liberation of all sinful,sufferingbeings."

TheBuddha then told Manjusri,"That demonking,who was namedVandana at that time, is

nowBodhisattvaTs'aiShou, and theBrahman girl is nowBodhisattvaKsitigarbha."

Chapter 2: The Assembly of InnumerableTransformationalKsitigarbhas

At thattime,all the separatetransformationalKsitigarbhaBodhisattvas came from all thehells

in hundreds, thousands, myriads and millions of unthinkable, indiscussible, immeasurable,

inexpressible, countless numbers ofworlds to assemble inTrayastrimsas Palace. Byvirtue of

the Tathagata's miraculous power, each came from his realm together with those who had

beenliberated fromkarmic paths-thousands, myriads, millions andnayutas of sentient beings-

and all of them heldincense andflowers to beoffered to theBuddha.Because they had been

instructed and converted by BodhisattvaKsitigarbha, those who came there together would

never retrogress from Anuttara-Samyak-Sambodhi. Those beings had, for vast, long kalpas,wandered through numerousbirths anddeaths,suffering on thesix paths ofexistence without

one moment's rest. However, byvirtue of the extensivemercy andcompassion as well as the

profound vows of BodhisattvaKsitigarbha, each one of them had realized the bodhifruit.

Having arrived atTrayastrimsas Palace, they were overwhelmed withrejoicing in their hearts

and gazed admiringly at theTathagata without one blink of theireyes.

At thattime,theWorld Honored One reached out his golden-hued arms totouch the heads of

all the separatetransformationalKsitigarbhaBodhisattvas from hundreds, thousands, myriads,

millions,unthinkable,indiscussible,immeasurable,inexpressible, countless numbers ofworlds

and uttered these words:

"I have taught and converted many stubborn beings in this eviltime with its five kinds of

defilement,making them tame atheart and causing them to forsake the perverted and return

to the right way. However, there are still one or two out of ten who continue to be bound by

their evilhabits. I have also divided myself into hundreds, thousands and millions oftransformationalbodies and employed extensive skillful means for the deliverance and

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