The study of how the earth changes over time

Includes:

GEOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY METEOROLOGY ASTRONOMY

EARTH SCIENCE

GEOLOGY

• “Study of the earth”

• Physical Geology:

• Processes that shape the planet (Plate Tectonics)

• Below the surface: earthquakes, mountains, volcanoes

• At the surface: creation of landforms due to wind and erosion

• Historical Geology

• Timeline of changes on the earth

OCEANOGRAPHY

• Integrates Chemistry, Biology, Physics and Geology

• Study of:

• Composition and movement of seawater

• Coastal processes

• Seafloor topography

• Marine life

METEOROLOGY

• Study of atmosphere and processes that produce weather and climate

• Examines the effects of the Earth’s motions and energy form the sun cause the atmosphere to produce weather

• Study of climates and patterns

ASTRONOMY

• Study of the universe

• Study of Earth’s position in space and its relation to other bodies

• Solar system/planets

• Moon phases

• Stars & constellations

• Space exploration

FORMATION OF EARTH

NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS: Bodies of the Solar

System evolved from the solar nebula…an

enormous rotating cloud made mostly of hydrogen

and helium

ADD TO YOUR NOTES: USE P. 4

• Use the diagram of the Nebular Hypothesis Model to summarize the 5 key stages of the formation of the Solar System:

• A. Our solar system started as an enormous cloud (nebula) of gases and dust, mostly hydrogen and helium

• B. The solar nebula began to rotate and collapse at the center, where heat was generated forming the sun

• C. As the nebula cooled, rocky and metallic materials formed tiny solid particles

• D. These particles repeatedly collided and formed asteroid-sized bodies

• E. These asteroids eventually combined to form the inner planets. Lighter gases combined further away to form the outer planets.