The Street View Journal Vol-4,No-4.pdf

8/9/2019 The Street View Journal Vol-4,No-4.pdf

1/43


2/43

10

VOLUME.3, NO.7, MONDAY 17 FEBRUARY 2014VOLUME.4, NO.4, MONDAY 26 JANUARY 2015

NEWS

uuwpfarG;jrLa&;ig;\tom; obm0ESifUrwlxkwfvkyfolrsm;tcuftcJawGY

Edkif&efukef? Zefe0g&D 21

uuwpfarG;jrLa&;ig;tom;rSm obm0rS &&Sdonfhig;tom;ESifh

rwltom;vTmxkwfvkyfolrsm;taejzifh tcuftcJ&SdaMumif; ig;tom;vTmxkwfvkyfonfh tat;cef;pufkHrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u Zefe0g&D 18 wGifajymMum;cJhonf/

uuwpfarG;jrLa&;ig;&JU tom;u obm0u&wJhig;tom;eJY rwlbl;/ ol&JUtom;uaysmhawmh tom;vTm&ifawmh aps;uGufxJroGm;Edkifbl;/taumifvdkufydkY&ifawmh jyemr&Sdbl;/ tom;ta&mifcsif;uawmh wlw,f}}[k if;u ajymonf/

uuwpfarG;jrLa&;ig;udk pepfwus tpmauR;arG;jrL&aMumif;?ig;t&G,ftpm;ay:rlwnfvnf; tpm;udkajymif;vJauR;arG;&a Mumif;if;ESifhywfoufvnf; uuwpfig;&JUtpmu &SpfrsKd;avmufxkwfw,ftaumif;tao;av;uaeNyD;awmhtBuD;txdauR;&wm/ 'gudkvnf;tukefvkH;od&ygw,f/ 'Du tpmawGjzpfwJhzGJqefuGJauR;kHavmufeJYrarG;oifhbl;/tpmaxmif;auR;NyD; arG;jrL&r,f}}[k if;u qdkonf/

uuwpfig;om;aygufrsm; arG;jrL&mwGif pepfwusavhvmoifh

aMumif; arG;jrLolrsm;taejzifh enf;pepfrrSefuefygu xkwfvkyfolrsm;taejzifh tcuftcJ&SdaMumif;? xdkYjyifwDvm;bD;,m;ig;udkvnf; uuwpfig;

uJhodkU om;azmufxkwfvkyfae&efG to GrS jyKvkyfay;oifhaMumif; xyfrHajymMum;cJhonf/

rdk;(ajrmufOD;)ppfawG? Zefe0g&D 20

&cdkifjynfe,ftwGif;rS zrf;qD;&&Sdonfh 0ufudk;aumifig;rsm;tm; 0,fvufrsm;um wpfydmvQifusyfaiG 10000 txdaps;aumif;&&SdaeaMumif; od&onf/

tqdkygig;rsm;udk &cdkifjynfe,ftwGif; qm;iefa'orsm;jzpf onfhjrpfacsmif;rsm;wGifom zrf;qD;&&SdEdkifNyD; &Sm;yg;ig;rsdK;pdwfwpfckvnf;jzpfaMumif;ESifh,if;ig;rsm;udk,cifu a'owGif;pm;oHk;rIwGifom toHk;jyKcJhMuaomfvnf; ,cktcg &efukefodkY ydkYaqmifae&onfhtwGufaps;aumif;&&Sdaejcif;jzpfaMumif; t0,f'dkifwpfcku ajymonf/

]]'Dig;awGudk uRefrwdkY&efukefudkydkYwmyg/ &efukefuae b,fudkxyfydkYvJqdkwmawmh rodbl;/ uRefrwdkY 'DrSm0,fwJh aps;uawmh wpfydmudktjrifhqHk;aps; 10000 xday;0,fygw,f/ a&mif;aps;uawmh &efukefrSm15000 txd&ygw,f/ 'Dig;awGu wjcm;ig;awGvdkraygawmhawmfawmfav;udk apmifhNyD;0,f&w,f/ wpfacgufudk ig;ydm avmuftxdawmhydkYEdkifwmaygh/ wpfvudkESpfcgydkY&ygw,f/ ig;&Sm;wJhvawGqdk&ifwpfacguf

avmufyJ ydkY&ygw,f}}[k ig;t0,f'dkifydkif&SifwpfOD;u ajymonf/ig;rsm;rSm qm;iefa'orsm; wGifom&SdNyD; &THUap;ajrrsm;wGiftrsm;

tjym;awGU&um tacgif;xJwGifaeonfh ig;rsm;jzpfonfhtwGuf &SmazGzrf;qD;EdkifrI tvGefenf;yg;aMumif;ESifh oD;oefY&SmazG r&EdkifaMumif;vnf;od&onf/

&cdkifjynfwGif;rSxGuf&SdonfU0ufudk;aumifig;rsm;aps;aumif;&ae

jzLjzLcdkif&efukef? Zefe0g&D 21

2015 twGif; jrefrmjynf\tdrf NcHa jrap s;uGufonf pawmh&S,f,m ay:aygufvmrnfh tajc

taeaMumifh aps;Elef;rsm; usqif;vmE dki fonf[k cef YrS ef;csu frsm ;aMumifh tdrfNcHajrtwGif; &if;ESD;jrKyfESHoltrsm;pkonf rdrd&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrsm;ukd tjrefa&mif;xkwf

vmMuonf[kod&onf/ tdrfNcHajraps;uGuf\ aps;EIef;rsm;rSm ajymif;vJrlr&Sdaomfvnf; a&mif;vkdtm; ododomom wkd;wufvmaMumif;ukdawGU&Sdvm&onf[k od&onf/

tdrf&maps;uGufvIyfcwfrIaMumifhtGefvkdif;aps;uGuftwGif; tdrf&ma&mif;vkdtm;jrifhwufvm

tGefvkdif;tcrJhaMumfjim0ufbfqkduf'f wpfckjzpfaom ads.com.

mm

rS ppfwrf;t& ,if;0ufbfqkduf'f\ tdrf,mu@wGif2014twGif; tdrfNcHajr aps;uGufrStdrfNcHajra&mif;0,frIonfta&twGuf400 0ef;usifavmufom tdrf&maps;uGufvIyfcwfrIaMumifhtGefvkdif;aps;uGuftwGif; tdrf&ma&mif;vkdtm;jrifhwwfvm&SdcJhNyD; wpfrk[kwfcsif;ajymi f;vJvmaom aps;uGufa&mif;tm;onf2015wGif600ausmftxdjrifhwufvmaMumif; awGU&Sdvm&ayonf[kazmfjyxm;onf/ tjcm;

aom t&nftaoG;ykdif;qkdif&mvkdtyf


jynfyaps;uGufodkY t"duxm;xkwfvkyfaeonfh aygif;qefr Smk&Sm ;rS rSm,lrIxuf0ufusqif;vmaomaMumifh aps;uGuftm;enf;vsuf&SdaMumif; jrefrmEdkifiHqefpufvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;rS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;uZefe0g&D22wGifajymonf/

]]aygif;qefu t"du k&Sm;udkyJwifydkYwm? k&Sm;bufrSmu pD;yGm;

a&;aps;uGufuswJhtwGuf t0,fenf;oGm;w,f/ EUbufudkwifydkYEdkifzdkYpDpOfaeao;w,f/ aps;uvnf;

usw,f}}[k 4if;uajymonf/

aygif;qeftm; k&Sm;rS rSm,lrIxuf0ufusqif;jynfwGif;aygif;qefaps;uGuf

rS m wGi fus, fpG maqmif& Gu f&e frvky fEdkif ao;onfhtw Guf jynfwGif;aps;uGufwGif0,fvdktm;enf;vsuf&SdaMumif; xkwfvkyfonfhpufopfrs m; vnfywfEdkif&eftw Gufvnf;BudK;pm;vsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf/

aygif;qefu k&Sm;udk ydkYwmMumygNyD/ tck 2015 ESpfpDrS 0,fvdktm; usqif;oGm;w,f/ aygif;

qefudk aps;uGufus,fjyefYatmiftjcm;jynfyEkdifiHawGrSm aps;uGuf&SmoGm;r,f/ qefpuftopfwnf

aewmuvnf; aejyn fawmfr Sm

rIaMumifhtdrf&maygif; 200 ausmfukd,if;0ufbfqkdufay:wGifvTifhwifrI

r&Sdao;aMumif;od&ayonf/ ,if;tcsufaMumifh 2014rS2015twGif;tdrf&maygif; 50 &mckdifEIef;cefYjrifhwufvmaMumif; ,if;0ufbfqkduf\ Head of Public Relationjzpfol

MrElijah HtangrSajymMum;cJhonf/tdrf&maps;uGufrS wefzkd;jrifh

tdrf&mrsm;om aps;Elef;tenf;i,favsmhusvmaomfvnf;?wkdufcef;rsm;ESifh uGef'kdcef;rsm;rSm aps;EIef;avsmh

usjcif;r&SdaMumif;ukdvnf; Ads.com.mm\ 0ufbfqkdufrS ppfwrf;t&

od&Sd&ygonf/

qdk&if rwfvukefqdk&ifvnfywfEkdifr,f/ usKdufvwfuawmh 80&mckdifEIef;avmufNyD;NyD? 'D2015 ESpf

twGif;rSm pufvnfywfEdkifNyD}}[k4if;uqkdonf/

aygif;qefa&mi f;cs&eftwGufaps;uGufwGifus,fap&efaqmif&Guf&efpDpOfvsuf&SdaMumif;? jynfwGif;

vkyfief;&Sifrsm;wGif,cifu qefpufvkyfief;wGif&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIenf;aomfvnf; ,cktcgwGifjynfwGif;

rS wef;jrihfpm;oHk;olrsm;vmonfhtwGufvkyfief;&Sifrsm;rSm qefpufvkyfief;rsm;wGif&if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIrsm;jyKvkyfvmMuaMumif;od&onf/

&mcdkifEIef;avmuf enf;yg;ao;aMumif; od&onf/

]]um;opfwifoGif;rIu pm&if;Z,m;t& tpD;a& 1800 yJ&Sdw,f/OD;wdkY wifoGif;wJhum;u tpD;a&

av;odef;avmuf&Sdw,f/ ,SOfMunfh&ifawmhwpf&mckdifEIef;avmufum;

opfwifoGif;rIu enf;ao;w,f/um;opfudk t"du0,fpD;&efrSmurdom;pkwpfOD;csif; 0ifaiGwdk;rSomvQif jzpfE dkifr,f}}[k 4i f;uoHk;oyfxm;onf/

odkY aom f 2014 ckE Spfxuf


um;aps;uGufrSm 2015 ckESpfESpfqef;ydkif;wGifta&mif;t0,fyHk

rSefjzpfvmaomfvnf; Freeygrpf

ESifhwifoGif;onfh ZdrfcHum;rSm ydkaps;uGufwGifa&mif;csvm&aMumif;

Farmer Autoum;ta&mif;pifwmrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u Zefe0g&D22wGifajymonf/

]]um;aps;uGufu tckvqef;ydki f;rS m ta&mif;t0,fy Hkr Sefj yefjzpfvmw,f/ b,fvdkum;rsKd;vJqdk

Free ygrpfESifU wifoGif;onfU ZdrfcHum;rsm; 2015 ESpfqef;ydkif;wGif ta&mif;t0,fjzpf&if FreeygrpfeJYoGif;wJhum;awG

ydkNyD ;ta&mif;t0,fjzpfvmw,f/e,fa'oqdk&ifLight Truckum;awGyg}}[k 4if;uajymonf/

2014 ESpfukefydkif;wGifrl0g'

rsm ; top fxGuf& SdrnfjzpfaomaMumifhaps;uGufat;pufcJhaMumif;aps;uGufyHkrSefjyefjzpfvmaomfvnf;rl0g'topfaMumifh um;wifoGif;rIrSm,mOfaMumusyfwnf;rIrsm;aMumifht0,fusEkdifa Mumif; ? um;opfta&mif;pifwma&mif;csrIrSm wpfywf&pfum;rsm;ESifh,SOfygu wpf

2015 rSm aps;uGufNydKifqdkifrIrsm;rnf jzp faomaMumi fh ap s;uGu fusyfwnf;vmEdkifaMumif;? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfie f;taejzifh BudKwifjyi fqifrIrsm; vdktyfaMumif; od&onf/

]]2014 rSm wcsKdU ShowRoom awG ydwfukefwmawmh&Sdygw,f/ 'gayrJh2015 rSmu ydkNyD;

tusyfdkufEdkifw,f/ tckqkd&ifum;wifoGif;wJholawGu yguif&SdrSwifoGif;vdkY&r,f/ tck &efukefNrKUdrSmvnf; ,mOfausmydwfqdkYrIawGjzpfaewJhtwGuf0,f,lrI usoGm;Edkif

w,f/ tck vqef;ydkif;uawmhta&mif;t0,f&Sdw,fqkdayrJhESpfukefwJhtxdawmh ajymvdkYr&ao;bl;}}[k 4if;uajymonf/

jynfwGif;wGif jynfyrS um;

opfwifoGif;rIrSm enf;yg;aeao;aomfvnf; wcsdKUaomukrPDrsm;rSmvnf; 2014 wGifta&mif;t0,faumif;aMumif; xyfrHum;opfwifoGif;rIrsm;jyKvkyfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;2015 wGifum;opfwifoGif;rIrSmvnf;rsm;jym;vmEdkifaMumif; vkyfief;&Sifrsm;u oHk;oyfxm;onf/


3/43

11

VOLUME.4, NO.4, MONDAY 26 JANUARY 2015

BUSINESS INTERVIEWBUSINESS

yxrqHk; Myanmar ImperialCollege udk pNyD;zGifUvSpfjzpfcJUyHkudkajymjyay;ygOD;/

2004 ckESpfpifumylrSm ausmif;wufNyD;wJhtcg jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&SdwJholi,fcsif;awGuvnf; ausmif;vmwufcsifwJhtwGufat;*sifhoabmeJYpNyD;vkyfjzpfw,f/ yifrukrPDjzpfwJh Unique LifeukrPDeJY pcJhygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHudkjyefvmwJhtcg'Duae au smi f;oG m;wu fw J hausmif;om;awG&JU pmavhvmy HkeJY

Presentation SkillsawGrSm uGm[aewmudkawGU&w,f/ uRefrwdkYawGu vla&S Uola& SU xGufwmvnf;enf;w,fav/ 'DuGm[csufudkjznfh

ay;csifwJhtwGufjynfyudk ausmif;oGm ;wufr,fh aus mif;om;awGtwGufPre University CoursevdkrsKd; oifdk;awGeJYESpfvoifay;w,f/NyD;&ifpifumyl?MopaMw;vseJY,lauudkausmif;oGm;wufr,fhausmif;om;awGtwGuf tBuHay;aqG;aEG;w Jh0efaqmifrIawGvkyfay; wmuaepcJhw,f / 2010 jyn fhE SpfrSm awm h

Myanmar Imperial CollegeqdkNyD;ausmif;tjzpfpwifzGifhvSpfcJhw,f/

ausmif;tjzpfajymif;vJzGifUvSpfwJUtcgrSm b,fvdkrsKd;tcuftcJawGeJYBuHKawGY

cJU&ygovJ/2006? 2007 ckESpfrSm LCCIoifdk;awG? ABEoifdk;awGpcJhuwnf;u ausmi f;om;awGu dk'gusuf'gajzrvkyfbJ pmrsm;rsm;avhvmzdkY tm;ay;w,f/ pawGU&wmu t*Fvdyfpm rvdkufEdkifwmygyJ/ wcsdKUpmtkyfawGu jrefrmvdkbmomjyefxm;ayr,fh wcsdKUpmtkyfawGu rjyefxm;bl;/ pmar;yGJawG?

AssigmentsawGu t*FvdyfvdkyJa&;&wmqdkawmh bmompum;rSmtm;enf;wmudk jyefjznfhqnf;ay;&w,f/ aemufNyD; Researchvkyf&

r,fhtydkif;qkd&ifvnf; enf;enf;tm;enf;aewmudk jyKvkyfay;&w,f/

ausmif;vkyfief;u pD;yGm;a&;taeeJYvkyfwJhtcg tpydkif;rSma&m atmifjrifwm? ratmifjrifwmawG b,fvdkrsKd;BuHKawGhcJU&ygovJ/

uRefrwdkY&JU yxrOD;pm;ay;u

ausmif;om;&JU zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrIygyJ/tckCampustop fqk dvnf ; ode f;aomif;csDNyD; &if;ESD;jrKyfESHxm;w,f/ a&SUu ausmif;om;awGu olwdkY&JUb0eJY&if;NyD; uRefrwdkYudk,HkMunfcJh

vdkY tckvdk&if;ESD;jrKyfESHEdkifzdkYjzpfvmwm/ 'gaMumifh 'Dausmif;om;awGtwGufa&m? a&mufvmr,fhausmif;om;awGtwGufyg &if;ESD;jrKyfESHay;wmyg/ udk,fwkdifu pD;yGm;a&;ynmoifay;aewmjzpfwJhtwGufpD;yGm;a&;pdwf&SdzdkYvnf; vdktyfygw,f/

uRefrwdkYqDrSm ynma&;vkyfief;wifrubJ wjcm;tdrfNcHajrpD;yGm;a&;awG? Media HousepwJh tvkyfawGvnf;&Sdygw,f/ 'gayrJht"duOD;pm;ay;uawmh ausmif;om;awGtwGufjyefNyD;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHay;zdkYygyJ/

udk,fU&JYausmif;udkausmif;om;awGvma&mufynmoif,lzdkhb,fvdkenf;vrf;awGtoHk;jyKcJUygovJ/

udk,fwdkifu rD'D,meJYausmif;NyD ;xm ;wJhtwGuf aMum fji mwd kYrm;uufwif;wdkYudkpdwf0ifpm;w,f/uRefr,HkMunfwmu rm;uwfwif;

[m bmom&yfr[kwfbJ tawG;tac:jzpfw,f/ udk,fwkdifrSma&mHk;uolawGqDrSma&m rm;uwfwif;&JUtawG;tac:xm;ay;w,f/ uRefr

wdkYausmif;&JU Core ValuevdkYqdkvdkY&atmifausmif;om;wkdif;udk aEG;

aEG;axG;axG; qufqHw,f/ yxrOD;pm;ay;onfausmif;om;yJjzpf&

r,f/ ausmif;&JUtem*wfonfausmif;om;&JUb0yJ jzpfw,f/ uRefrwdkYqDrSm Business De-

velopment Manager, General

Manager, Management Team,

Coordinator awG? q&mawG&Sdw,f/ BudKufwJhq&mudk olwdkY&JUpD;yGm;a&;? olwdkY&JUoifcef;pmawG

twGuf tcsdefaqG;aEG;vdkY&atmifvkyfay;w,f/MBArSmqkdvnf; rvdkufEkdifwJh

ausmif;om;wcsdKU&Sdaeayr,fh bmrSpdwfylp&mrvdkbl;/ cufvdkYrvdkufEdkifwmu aumif;w,f/ t&rf;

vG,f&ifudk,fhtwGufwkd;wufrIr&Sdbl;/ uRefrwdkY'Dausmif;udk a':vmESpfaxmifwnf;eJYpcJhwm? tckcsdefrSm

'DvdkjzpfvmcJh&iftckausmif;om;awGrSm ab;rSmaxmufyhHay;r,fholawGu trsm;BuD;yJ/ olwdkYudkydkNyD; atmifjrifNyD; ydkNyD;jzpfapcsifygw,f/

wpfOD ;wp fa,mu fwn f;twGu f

r[kwfbJvlrsKd;twGuf? EkdifiHtwGuf?udk,fhywf0ef;usiftwGuftusKd;jyKEdkifwJholjzpfatmif ysKd;axmifay;

w,f/ NyD;&ifuRefrwdkYqDrSm ausmif;om;awGOD;pD;cJh MICazmifa';&Sif;&Sdw,f/ tvSLawGvkyfw,f/ vlrI

tusKd;jyKpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGvkyfjzpfvmatmifBudK;pm;ay;ygw,f/

ausmif;om;awGeJY ausmif;eJhMum;rSma&mb,fvdktcuftcJawGBuHK&

ao;vJ/uRefrwdk Y&J Uausmif ;om;awG

tay:arQmfrSef;csufut&rf;jrihfw,f/jrefrmEdkifiHrSm oifaewJhausmif;

om;awGrdkYvdkY olwdkYudk ppfay;wJhSkills awGavQmhay;wmrsKd;rjzpf

apcsifbl;/ NyD;&ifausmif;uq&mawGa&m? pDrHa&;&mtzGJU0ifawGudka&m ajymavh&Sdwmu jrefrmEdkifiHrSm

&SdwJh ausmif;jzpfcsifwm? jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&SdwJhausmif;ao;ao;av;jzpfcsifwmr[kwfbl;/ EkdifiHwumu todtrSwfjyKwJhjrefrmEdkifiHrSmvnf; 'Dvdkausmif;&Sdygvm;qkdNyD;awmh jzpfapcsifwmaMumifh ausmif; Campustopfudkvnf; vkyfcJhwmjzpfw,f/'gaMumifh ausmif;&JUarQmfvifhcsufuvnf;jrifhwJhtcsdef ausmif;om;udkqGJac:&wJhtcsdefrSm olwdkYvnf;awmfawmfBudK;pm;&ygw,f/ q&mawGudkvnf; jzpfcsifwm? ausmif;om;awGudkvnf;jzpfcsifwm ajymwJhtcgrSm olwdkYrSmvnf; zdtm;awG&Sdovdkudk,fhqDrSmvnf; zdtm;awGjzpfvmawmhuawmufuqwfjzpfwmawG&Sdw,f/ BudKufwJhuawmufuqwfjzpfyg/ 'gawGtm;vHk;onfausmif;&JUaumif;usKd;twGufjzpfwmaMumifh

kef;uef&w,f/ aemufxuftcuftcJu ausmif;&JU&n f&G,fcsufrSmjrefrmEdkifiHu ukrPDawGudk EdkifiH

wumtqifhrDjzpfatmif vkyfcsifwmjzpfwmaMumifh HRoifr,fqkd&ifjrefrmEdkifiHrSm HRay:vpDawG

pep fwusa&;xm;wJ htz GJUtpnf;awG&Sdayr,fh enf;w,f/ 'gaMumifh

ausmif;om;awGavhvmzdkYr&SdcJhtcgwjcm;t&mawGudk avhvmNyD;vkyf&wm jzpfwmaMumifh tcuftcJuawmhrsm;w,f/ tckaemufydkif;qkdausmif;eJYcsdwfxm;wJhygwemukrPDawGrSm ausmif;om;awG&JUavhvmvdkY&atmifvkyfay;w,f/ ausmif;om;

awGbufu Myanmar Imperial

Collegeudk avhvmcsifw,fqdk&ifvnf;ausmif;om;avhvmvdkY&atmifvkyfay;w,f/ NyD;&ifudk,fh&JUygwemukrPDawGeJYtNrJwrf;awGUNyD; olwdkYrSm bmawGtcuftcJ&SdvJ? b,fvdkvlawGv dkufaevJqk dwm ar;jre f;w,f/ tJ'DawmhrSvnf; 'DbufuolwdkYvdktyfw JholawGudk jyKpky sKd;axmifay;vdkY&rSmyg/

'DESpfxJrSm ausmif;rSmbmawGxyfvkyfzdkYtpDtpOf&SdygovJ/

'DESpfuawmhMyanmar Impe-rial CollegetwGufta&;BuD;wJhESpfwpfESpfyg/ uRefrwdkYausmif;&JUCampus topfudk rwfvrSmzGifh

r,f/ 'D CampustopftwGufudktcsdef 12 ESpfavmufBudK;pm;tm;xkwfcJh&w,f/ ausmif; Campustop fjzpfz dkYu vG, fw, f/ 'Dausmif;x JrSm ausmif;om;&Sdzdk Yucufw,f/ ausmif;wpfausmif;u

ausmif;om;r&Sd&iftvum;yJav/b,favmufy J ausmi f;aumif;aumif; wefzdk;&SdwJhausmif;om;awG&SdrS ausmif;ujynfhpHkrSmav/ tJ'DvdkjynfhpHkwJhausmif;wpfausmif;udkzGifhEdkifawmhrSmjzpfwJhtwGuf *kPf,l

rdovdk Northampton uay;wJhMBAu rwfvrSm Graduation&SdwJhtwGuf atmifjrifrIjzpfw,f/Bachelor of Business Manage-

ment, Bachelor of Marketing

Management, Bachelor of Tour-

ism Management awGudkvnf;2015rSmyJpwifay;tyfoGm;rSm jzpfwmaMumifh'DESpfuawmhpdwfvIyf&Sm;p&mawGtjynfhygyJ/

vGefcJUwJU(10)ESpfausmfeJhtcktcsdefrSmausmif;om;awGtwGufb,fvdktcGifUta&;awGuGmjcm;oGm;ygovJ/

uRefrwdkYwkef;uawmh pmoifcsifvdkY EdkifiHjcm;rSm yifyifyef;yef;wufcJh&w,f/ ajymawmh vG,fayr,fh ukd,hftm;udk,fudk;NyD; aexkdifpm;aomufNyD ; pmoi fcJh &w,f/t&ifujrefrmausmif;om;awGujynfyrSm pmoGm;oif&w,f/ tckjynfyq&mawGu 'DvmNyD;oif&

w,f/ 'gud ku tcGi fhtvrf;&S dovdkEdkifiHjcm;u q&mawGu 'Dudkvmoifwmav/ 'guausmif;om;awGtwGuftcGifhtvrf;ygyJ/ NyD;&ifjynfyu ukrPDawGvmovd k

'DukrPDawGuvnf; EkdifiHwumtqif hrDatmif BudK ;pm;ae&csde frSmynma&;onfta&;ygwJhu@rSmygvmNyD/ pdk;&drfwmu uRefrwdkYqDrSm vHkavmufwJh vlYpGrf;tm;t&if;tjrpfomr&Sd&if tzGJUtpnf;awG&JUacgif;aqmifydkif;rSm EkdifiHjcm;om;awGyJ ae&m&vmw,f/ tJ'Dtcg

us&if EkdifiH jcm;om;awGc dkif;wmuRefrwdkYvkyf&rSm rjzpfapcsifbl;/jrefrmEdkifiHrSmaeNyD; jrefrmvlrsKd;awG

bmBudKufvJqkdwmodw,f/ jrefrmpum;udkajymwwfw,f/ 'DtusKd;&SdrIawGudk,lNyD; tcGifhta&;awG,l

apcsifw,f/

Myanmar Imperial College \tkyfcsKyfrI'gdkufwm rydkhydkhMunf

at;csrf;qk

2010jynfhESpfrSm ausmif;tjzpfpwifcJhwJh Myanmar Imperial College[m ig;ESpftwGif; atmifjrifrIawG&&SdcJhwJh ausmif;wpfausmif;vdkY qdkvdkY&ygw,f/ ppcsif; 2004ckESpfrSm ynma&;0efaqmifrItaeeJY a':vmESpfaxmifeJYpwifcJhwJh MIC[m rwfvrS ausmif; CampustopfzGifhvSpfNyD;

MBAwef;rsm;? Bachelorwef;rsm;udkvnf; EdkifiHwumtqifhrDoifMum;aewmaMumifh ausmif;&JUtkyfcsKyfrI'gdkufwm rydkYydkYMunfESifhawGUqHkcdkuf'Dausmif;&JU pwifrI? tcuftcJawGeJY ausmif;om;awGtwGuftcGifhtvrf;rsm;taMumif;udk tckvdkajymjyoGm;cJhygw,f/

uRefrwdkYu aiGyJ&if;&wm

ausmif;om;u b0&if;&wmjzpfvdkYwm0eft&rf;BuD;ygw,f

pmrsufESm(37)odkY


4/43

12


NEWS

jrifhrkdCf;ykodrf? Zefe0g&D 21

{&m0wDwkdif;a'oBuD;\ ykodrfNrdKUawmfykodrfqdyfurf;rS pifumylEdkifiHodkYqefwefcsdef(5000)udkwdkuf

dkufwifydkYa&mif;csrnfjzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/

wkdif;a'oBuD; tpdk;&tzGJU\csdwfqufay;rIjzifh Petroco Asia

(UAE)ukrPDESifhqefpufvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;? qefukefonfBuD;rsm;tzGJUrS vufrSwfa&;xkd;EdkifcJhNyDjzpfNyD;oabFmiSm;&rf;&&SdcJhygu wdkufdkufwifydkYrIudk pwifvkyfudkifEdkifawmhrnfjzpfaMumif; qefukefonfBuD;rsm;toif;rS od&Sd&onf/

]]tckuawmhatmufwef;qefjzpfwJh 35 rSwfqefudkyJ a&mif;csEkdifygao;w,f/ qefwpfwefudkUS290a':vmeJYa&mif;csEkdifcJhygw,f/ykodrfqdyfurf;uae wdkufdkufwifydkYa&mif;csEdkifrSmjzpfwJhtwGufv,form;awGpyg;aps;ydkrkd&&SdvmEdkifygw,f/&efukefudkrydkY&awmhwJhtwGufo,f,lp&dwf wifydkYcawG v,form;awGpyg;aps;ydkrkd&&SdvmEdkifygw,f/&efukefudkrydkY&awmhwJhtwGufo,f,lp&dwfwifydkYcawGoufomoGm;w,f/ qdyfurf;vkyfom;awGtwGufvnf; tvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;ydkrkd&&SdoGm;ovdk ykodrfqdyf

ykodrfqdyfurf;rSpifumylEdkifiHodkhqefwefcsdef5000wdkufdkufwifydkha&mif;csrnf


qifajczHk;a'orsm;wGif tdrfNcHajraps;EIef;rsm;jrifhwufrI&dSaomf

vnf; NrKdUwGif;a'orsm;ESifhEIdif;,SOfygu tenf;i,fenf;yg;aeao;aomaMumifh tdrf0,f,lrsm;taejzifh NrKdUwGif;&dS wdkufcef;rsm;ESifhqifajczHk;a'o&dS udk,fydkifNcH0if;ygaom tdrfrsm;udk a&G;cs,f&mwGifudk,fydkifNcH0if;ESifh tdrfrsm;udkom a&G;cs,fvmMujcif;jzpfonf[kod&onf/ qifajczHk;a'orsm;udk vlBuKdufrsm;vmrItay: Real LinktdrfNcHajrtusKd;aqmifvkyfief;rS OD;armifarmifwifu ]]'DqifajczHk;a'oawGudk ydkNyD;vlBuKdufrsm;vmwmuawmh NrKdUxJu tdrfNcHajraps;EIef;awGt&rf;udk jrifhwufvmwmaMumifhu t"duygyJ/ NyD;awmhNrKdUxJrSm vlaexlxyfvmwmvnf;ygygw,f/ NrKdUxJrSm odef; 9000ef;usifavmufrSwdkufcef;wpfcef;&r,fqdk&if'DqifajczHk;a'oawGrSmudk,fydkifNcHeJU0if;eJU tdrfwpfvHk;udk0,fvdkU&ygw,f}}[kqdkonf/ 4if;wdkU\ tusKd;aqmifvkyfief;twGif; &efukefNrKdU\ rnfonfhae&ma'orsm;rSydkrdkta&mif;t0,fjzpfonfudk ar;jref;cJh&mwGif]]uRefawmfwdkUqDrSmawmh qifajzzHk;a'oawGudk &SmazGwmydk rsm;vmygw,f/ t"duuawmh vIdifom,mNrKdUe,fbufyg/ &mcdkifEIef;tm;jzifhqdk 50? 60 &mcdkifEIef;avmufwdk;vmygw,f}}[k jyefvnfajzMum;ajymqdkcJhonf/

House.com.mm\ country managerjzpfolJan SommerfeldrS qifajczHk;a'orsm;udk ydkrdkvlBuKdufrsm;vmrIESifhywfoufNyD; ]]uRefawmfqdk&ifvnf; tajccsaexdkifzdkUtwGufqdk 'DvdkqifajczHk;a'oawGudk a&G;rdrSmyJ/ NrKdUxJwkdufcef;awGrSmaer,fhtpm; udk,fydkifNcH0if;eJUyJaerSmaygh}}[k rSwfcsufay;ajymMum;cJhonf/

&efukefNrdKUwGif; tdrfNcHajraps;EIef;jrifhwufrIaMumifhqifajczHk;a'orsm;wGifaexkdif&efa&G;cs,frIykdrkdrsm;vm

urf;vnf;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufvmrSmyg}}[k wkdif;a'oBuD;qefpyg;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;Ou| OD;0if;jrihfvIdifu ajymonf/

FOB jzifh aps;uGufwnfaqmufEdkifcJhNyDjzpfaMumif;? vmrnfhESpfrsm;wGifig;rSwfESifh10rSwfqefrsm;udk a&mif;csEdkif&efBudK;pm;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? tjrifhqefrsm;xGuf&Sd&efqefpufrsm;\ t&nftaoG;jrifhwif&efvdktyfaMumif;? enf;ynmESifhqufoG,f wdkufdkufa&mif;csEkdifcJhojzifhtawGUtBuHKaumif;rsm;&&SdEdkifaMumif;wkdYudkOD;0if;jrifhvIdifuqufvufajymMum;onf/

2014ckESpf?{&m0wDwkdif; a'oBuD;twGif; rdk;pyg; 3695217{updkufysKd;cJhNyD; txGufEIef;wpf{uvQif71 'or 58 &mckdifEIef;xuf&Sd

aMumif; wdkif;pdkufysKd;a&;OD;pD;XmerSod&Sd&onf/

]]vuf&SdtcsdefykodrfNrdKUay:rSmqefta&mif;t0,f at;ygw,f/ay:qef;qefwpftdwf24 jynfudkusyf 29000? raemokcwpftdwf24 jynfusyf16000? a&ToG,fwpftdwf24 jynfusyf20000aygufaps;&Sdw,f/ 'Daps;awGxufqefaps;wufroGm ;Edki fygbl ;}}[kykodrfNrdKUay:&Sdqefukefonftodkuft0ef;uqdkonf/

,cktcsdefonfwkwfESpful;csdefeD;uyfvmNyDjzpf wkwfEdkifiHrSqeft0,fenf;yg;aMumif;? pifumylEkdifiHodkY wdkufdkufwifydkYrI &yfqdkif;cJhNyD;,ckESpfrSomykodrfNrdKUqdyfurf;rSEdkifiHjcm;odkY wdkufdkufqefwifydkYrIudkpwifEkdifjcif;jzpfaMumif;od&Sd&onf/

jynfwGif;a&Taps; urmhaps;ESifUwpfajy;nDwufaomfvnf;ta&mif;t0,fat;ojzifU aps;csoma&mif;0,fae&


jynfwGif;a&Taps;rSm urmha&Taps;wufjcif;aMumifh 16 yJ&nfvQif7 odef;ausmfrnfjzpfaomfvnf;ta&mif;t0,f tenf;i,fom& SdaomaMumifh 6odef; 8aomif;ausmfjzifhom ta&mif;t0,fjzpfvsuf&SdaMumif; jrefrmEdkifiH a&Tvkyfief;&Sif

rsm;toif;rStwGif;a&;rSL; OD;ausmf0if;(OD;xHk)u Zefe0g&D21 wGifajymMum;cJhonf/

]jynfwGif;a&Taps;u urmha&Taps;wuf&ifvkdufwufwmyJ/ 2014wpfESpfvHk;rSm a&Taps;u usaeNyD;tck 2015 vqef;ydkif;rSm EkdifiHwumrSm&SdwJhpD;yGm;a&;tajctaeuraumif;awmh a&TrSm &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIawGvkyfvmw,f/ 'gaMumifha&Taps;uwufvmwmyg/ a&Taps;wufwmu urmhaps;eJYwGuf&if7odef; ausmfw,f/ OD;wdkYqDrSm ta&mif;t0,fat;awmh 6 odef; 8 aomif;ausmf

avmufeJYyJa&mif;&w,f/ aps; xyfwufzdkY&Sdvm;qdkawmh urmha&Taps;wuf&ifawmh jynfwGif;a&Taps;uwufaeOD;rSmygyJ}[k4if;u ajymonf/

urmha&Taps;rSm 1291 a':vm&SdaMumif; wkwfEdkifiHwGifESpfopful;yGJawmftwGufa&Trsm; 0,f,lrI

rSmvnf; ,cifESpfrsm;xufenf;yg;aMumif; jynfwGif;aps;uGufat;jcif;rSm ESpfESpfausmfcefY&SdNyDjzpfaMumif; od&onf/

a&Taps;us &if;ESD;jrKyfESHrIenf;aeonfhtwGufjrefrmEdkifiH a&Tvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;rSjynfwGif;a&Taps;uGufwGifvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;twdkif;oGm;&efaqmif&GufrnfjzpfaMumif;?

,if;okdYaqmif&Guf&mwGiftpdk;&rSmyg0ifaqmif&Gufay;&efvdktyfaMumif;od&onf/

]toif;taeeJYu aps;uGufBuD;wpfckjzpfatmifavhvmaew,f/ OD;wdkYraeYuyJ a[mifaumifuae jyefvmw,f/ a[mifaumifrSm&SdwJh a&Taps;uGufvdk pepfwus aps;uGufjyKvkyfNyD; w&m;0ifa&Taps;uGufjzpfzkYdvkdw,f/ tJ'DrSmu EkdifiHawmfay:vpDawGeJY csrSwfxm;w,f/ a&TeJYywfoufvdkYuwkwfEdkifiHu arSmifcdkt&rf;vkyfw,f/ wpf&ufqdk&ifwefcsdef100avmufta&mif;t0,fvkyf

w,f/ t&ifu EdkifiHawmfuvnf;tcGefr&bl;/ tJ'gu a[mifaumif&JU EkdifiHawmfA[dkbPfu xdef;csKyfrIvkyfaew,f/ EkdifiHawmfu ulnDay;w,f/ olwdkY&JUyHkpHawGuOD;wdkYeJYeD;pyfw,f/ OD;wdkYqDrSmu arSmifcdkqdkwmxufvkyfxHk;vkyfenf;twdkif; rvkyfwJhaps;uGufawmh&Sdaew,f} [k4if;

uajymMum;cJhonf/jrefrmEdkifiHwGifw&m;0ifa&Taps;

uGufay:aygufvmNyD; aps;EIef;xdef;nd&eftwGufpawmhtdwfcsdef;aps;uGufvdktyfaMumif;? rMumcifpawmhaps;uGufay:ayguf a&mif;ol? 0,folawGqHkEdkifygu tusKd;&SdEdkifaMumif; ,if;ESifh ywfoufvnf; 4if;u ]OD;wdkYqDrSm w&m;0if

aps;EIef;owfrSwfEdkifwJhtcGihftvrf;&Sdygw,f/ a&TeJYywfoufNyD; tdwfcsdef;aps;uGufrSm 0,fol a&mif;olawGawGUqHkEkdif&iftusKd;&Sdygw,f/'gudk EkdifiHawmfu vkyfay;&r,f/uarm'D;,m;rSm 'Dvdkaps;uGufzefwD;ay;w,f/ 'gayrJh EkdifiHawmfuryHhydk;ay;wJhtwGufratmifjrifbl;/a[mifaumifEdkifiH&JUaps;uGufuawmhEkdifiHawmfu yHhydk;ay;vdkY atmifjrifNyD; tcGefvnf;&w,f/ ukefonfawGudk vkyfudkifaqmif&GufEkdifatmiftxl;owfrSwfcsufawG&Sdw,f}[k4if;uajymMum;cJhonf/

jynfwGif;a&Taps;rSm vuf&Sdurmha&Taps; 1295 a':vm&SdvQif16 yJ&nfrSm usyf684000 &SdonfhtwGuf,cifvrsm;xuf14000ydkrsm; 0,f,lolrSm at;vsuf&SdaMumif; yGifhvif;&moD a&mufaomfvnf;xifoavmufta&mif;t0,fr&SdaMumif; od&onf/

ig;&Sm;yg;onfUa'orsm;okdhydkhEdkifonfUtwGufjynfwGif;ig;pm;okH;rIwdk;wufvm


vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&; wdk;wufvmonfhtwGuf ig;&Sm;yg;onfha'orsm;okdY um;*dwfrsm;rS wpfqifhwGJ jzefYcsda&;enf;pepfaumif;vmNyDjzpf&m jynfwGif;ig;pm;okH;rl wdk;wufvmaMumif; jrefrmEdkifiHig;vkyfief;tzGJUcsKyfrS wm0ef&SdolwpfOD;u Zefe0g&D 19 wGifajymMum;cJhonf/

tckaps;uGufu ig;&Sm;yg;vmwJhae&mawGudk um;*dwfawGeJY wGJNyD;jzefYcsdvmNyD? t&ifuqdk&if'DudkyJ wdkufdkufvm,l&w,f/ tckuawmhjzefYcsda&;pepftm;aumif;vmNyD 'gaMumifh jynfwGif;ig;pm;okH;rIudkwkd;wufvmapwJhtcsufyg}}[k if;u ajymMum;cJhonf/

xdkUjyifig;jrpfcsif;ig;udk tom;tjyifjcpfom;ygxkwfvkyfvsuf&SdaMumif; ,if;aMumifhig;jrpfcsif;udkig;z,fae&mwGiftpm;xdk; xkwfvkyfvmjcif;aMumifh aps;uGufwGif0,fvdktm;rsm;jym;vsuf&SdaMumif; ig;jrpfcsif;ig;aps;rSm wpfydmvQifusyf2800 rS aps;rusaMumif;od&onf/

ig;jrpfjcif;udk ig;z,fae&mrSm jcpfom;tjzpftpm;xkdk;aewm trsm;BuD;&Sdygw,f/ ig;aps;teD;tem;wpf0dkufrSmvnf; ig;jcpfom; vkyfudkifaewJh

tvkyform;awGvnf;&Sdw,f/ ig;jrpfcsif;u tom;jcpfwJh tcgrSm rsm;rsm;xGufw,f}}[k if;uajymMum;cJhonf/2014 ckESpf aemufqkH;vrsm;wGifig;jrpfcsif;aps;rSm tjrifhaps;

aps;EIef;wnfNidrfvsuf&SdaMumif; 2015 ESpfqef;ydkif;wGifvnf; aps;uGufvdktyfcsufaMumifh aps;EIef;ESpfqjrifhwufvsuf&SdaMumif; jynfwGif;pm;okH;olrSmvnf; wpfESpfxufwpfESpfwdk;wufvmaMumif; od&onf/


5/43


13ADVERTISEMENT


6/43


14BUSINESS

tao;pm;eJY tvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm;Oya'&JYaemufqufwGJvkyfief;pOfrsm;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH&JU 'Gg'ortBudrfajrmuf jynfolYvTwfawmftpnf;ta0;&JU 'kwd,aeYrSmtao;pm;eJYtvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm;Oya'eJYywfoufvdkYtrsKd;om;vTwfawmfu jyifqifcsufrsm;eJYwuGtwnfjyKay;ydkYvmwJhtay: tydk'fvdkufaqG;aEG;NyD; vTwfawmf&JUtqkH;tjzwfudk&,lr,fvdkYqdkygw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&SdwJhpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rsm;&JU 90 &mcdkifEIef;[m tao;pm;eJY tvwfpm;vkyfief;awGjzpfNyD; EdkifiHom;xk&JU 60&mcdkifEIef;udktvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;awGay;xm;w,fvdkYpm&if;Z,m;rsm;t&od&Sd&ygw,f/ 'Dvdkta&;ygwJhvkyfief;awGzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrSom wkdif;jynf&JU pD;yGm;a&;ujrifhwufvmrSmjzpfygw,f/ tao;pm;eJY tvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuftajccHxm;udkifpGJ&r,fhOya'ay:xGufvmatmifBudK;yrf;aqmif&GufvmMuwm[m aumif;wJhvuPmwpf&yfjzpfygw,f/

aZmf[def;jrefrmEdkifiH[m ya'o&mZfacwfaESmif;? ukef;abmifacwfv,favmufpNyD; pufrIodyHvkyfief;awG

udk ajrprf;c&rf;ysKd;vkyfaqmifcJhwmjzpfygw,f/tr&yl&&JU&wemykHacwf

rSmawmh rJe,fpufkH? zefcsufpufkHawGjzpfvm NyD; tdrfa&SUpHuaemifrif;om;eJY jrefrmodyHynm&SifawG&JUvufxufrSmvufeufpufkHawGtxday:aygufvmcJhwmjzpfygw,f/NAdwdoQudkv dkeDacwfr Sm pufrI eJYv,f,mukefxkwfvkyfief;ynma&;? usef;rma&;eJY ydkYaqmifa&;vkyfief;tygt0ifrifwdkrif&Sif[dkw,f? px&if;[kdw,fvdk0efaqmifrIvkyfief;awGutp ukefpnful;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; vkyfief;awGygxlaxmifvmMuygw,f/'gayrJhtrsKd;om;ydkifukrPDr&Sdoavmuf&Sm;NyD; Oa&mywdkufom; tdEd,wdkuf

om;awGeJYwkwfpD;yGm;a&;orm;awGydkifwJhukrPDawGomBuD;pdk;cJhMuwmjzpfygw,f/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;wJ h

aemufzqyvtpdk;&vufxufoGif;ukefxkwfukefvdkifpifawGcsay;cJhvdkYyk*vduvkyfief;awGzGHUNzdK;vmNyD;a&TusD;?[Homat;pwJhEdkifvGefydk;zJpufkHawGu tptrsKd;om;ydkifqefpuf? qDpuf?yJcGJpufpufrsm;txdygvDref'Drdkua&pDt&if;&SifpD;yGm;a&;pepfatmufrSm ay:aygufvmcJhygw,f/ 1962

ckESpfrSm pufrI0efBuD;Xmeudk jyKjyif

zGJUpnf;cJhNyD; 1967 ckESpfrSm tao;

pm;pufrIvkyfief;rsm; pDrHudef;(SmallScale Industries Project) udkpwif

zGJUpnf;cJhygw,f/ acwftqufqufajymif;vmNyD; 1990jynfhESpfrSmawmhtao;pm;eJYtvwfpm;pufrIvkyfief;rsm; Oya'(Small and Medium In-

dustrial Law)udkjy|mef;cJhw,fvdkYod&ygw,f/tckawmhpufrIeJYv,f,mukefxkwfvkyfief;?0efaqmifrIeJYukefoG,frIvkyfief;rsm;ygtusKH;0ifwJhtao;pm;eJYtvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm;Oya'(Small

and Medium Enterprises Law)udkjy|mef;EdkifawmhrSmjzpfygw,f/

Oya'xkwfjyefNyD;&if Oya'jy|mef;csufeJYtnD aqmif&Guf&r,fh

enf;Oya'vkyfxkH;vkyfenf; trdefYnTefMum;csufawGudktydkif;u@tvdkufqifhyGm;a&;qGJMu&OD;rSmjzpfygw,f/'grSomvkyfief;rsm; taumiftxnfazmfwJhtcgrlabmifeJYtnDaqmif&GufEdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/ Oya'?enf;Oya'?

trdefYnTefMum;csuf? vkyfxkH;? vkyfenf;qdkwmawGu trSefpifppfpm&Gufay:rSm tjzLay:trnf;wifxm;wJhtu&m pmvkH;udef;*Pef; nTef;qdkcsufrsm;om jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Djy|mef;csufawGudk vufawGUvkyfief;cGifxJ

qGJoGif;NyD; touf0ifatmifvkyfMu

r,fholawGuawmhXmeqdkif&mjynfolY

0efxrf;tzGJUtpnf;awGjzpfygw,f/pufrI0efBuD;XmeatmufrSm zGJUpnf;xm;wJao;pm;eJYtvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm; zGHUNzdK;w dk;wufa&;XmetaeeJYjynfe,feJYwkdif;a'oBuD;awGcdkifNrdKU

BuD;awGtygt0ifat*sifpDkH;cGJaygif;50 zGifhvSpfNyD; 0efxrf;aygif; 370ausmfudkvkyfief;cGifoifwef;awGay;xm;NyD;jzpfw,fvdkYod&ygw,f/'gayrJh'DavmuftqifheJYrvkHavmufao;bl;vdkYajym &ygvdrfhr,f/ tao;pm;tvwfpm;vkyfief;awG&JU tcef;u@udkxJxJ0if0ifodNyD;b,fvdkenf;vrf;awGeJY yHhydk;tm;jrifhay;&r,fqdkwmudkjy|mef;Oya'abmiftwGif;u ulnD

aqmif&Gufay;&r,fh wm0efudkxrf;aqmifEdki fpGrf;&SdzdkU txl;vdktyfygw,f/ tpdk;&0efxrf;? jynfolYtcGefb@mpm;awGjzpfwmaMumifht&ifacwfuvdk rvkyfrIyf? rjyKwfykHpHrsKd;xJu wGif;azmufxGufNyD; yk*vdu tzGJUtpnf;qefqefaqmif&GufoGm;Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ ajym&&ifawmh vGwfvyfwJh at*sifpD0efxrf;tjzpfcH,lEdkifMuzdkYyJ jzpfygw,f/

twnfjyKjy|mef;r,fh tao;pm;eJY tvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm; Oya'

rSm yg0ifvmr, fh tao;pm ;e JY

tvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm;&JU BuD;xGm;vmrIawGudkodrf;oGif;,lEdkifavmufatmifus,fjyefYzdkYvdkygw,f/ tao;

pm;eJY tvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm;udk tdrfwGif;pufrIwpfEdkifwpfydkifukefxkwfvkyfief;awGeJY pnf;jcm;xm;zdkYvnf;vdktyfrSmjzpfygw,f/pufrIukefxkwfvkyfief;rsm;omru v,f,mom;ig;vkyfief;?opfawmxGufeJYo,HZmwtacsmydkYukefvkyfief;? vufrIvkyfief;?awGtjyif ynma&;? usef;rma&;o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;0efaqmifrIvkyfief;?taxGaxGukefoG,frIvkyfief;awGtm;vkH;w&m;0ifrSwfykHwifNyD; tao;pm;eJY tvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm;tjzpfpD;0ifvmatmifBudK;yrf;aqmif&GufoGm;Mu&ygvdrfhr,f/ Oya'rSmyg&Sdr,fhaiGaMu;axmufyHhrIaiGacs;,lEdkifrIrSmvnf; taygiftmrcHra&TUajymif;Edkifaomypnf;awGwifjyaiGacs;,l&

wJhpepftpm; vkyfief;tvm;tvmeJYaiGaMu;pD;qif;vnfywfrI?pufypnf;eJY ESpf&Snfyifrsm;udk tmrcHxm;NyD;aiGacs;,lEdkifrIawGudkvnf; vwfwavm r[kwfonfhwkdifoifhawmfwJhumva&muf&ifpDrHudef;ay;EdkifzdkYzGifhay;oifhw,fvdkY jrifygw,f/ tao;pm;eJYtvwfpm;vkyfief;

rsm;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGufaqmif&Guf&mrSm wm0ef,l&wJhA[dk0efBuD;

XmetzGJUtpnf;wpfckeJYrvkHavmufbJ

qdkif&m 0efBuD;Xme toD;oD;uyg0dkif;0ef;yHhydk;ay;Mu&rSm jzpfygw,f/tcGifhtcr[kwfwJhtwm;tqD;rsm;

(Non Tariff Barriers NTB)r&Sdatmifaqmif&GufMu&ygvdrfhr,f/tao;pm;eJY tvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;Xmeudkb,f0efBuD;Xmeuodrf;oGif;,lonfjzpfap? OD;pD;Xme(Directorate) tqifhxufredrfhwJh at*sifpDtzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpf&yftjzpfcdkifcdkifrmrmxlaxmifoGm;zdkYawmhvdkrSmjzpfygw,f/ 'grSom ywfouftusKH;0ifvmr,fhwjcm;aom 0efBuD;XmetzGJUtpnf;awGeJY aygif;pyfvkyfudkif&wJhtcgrSmaomfvnf;aumif;?a'owGif;eJYtjynfjynfqdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;eJYqufqH&mrSmaomfvnf;tqifajypGm aygif;pyfndEdIif; aqmif&GufoGm;EdkifrSmjzpfygw,f/

vkyfie f;awG oGufvufvmatmif0efBuD;Xmersm;udkjyifqifajymif;vJzGJUpnf;r,fvdkY'D&ufydkif;twGif;rSmajymoHMum;vmygw,f/ 0efBuD;XmeawG&JUzGJUpnf;ykHjyifcsuf&SdcJh&iftao;pm;eJY tvwfpm;vkyfief;rsm; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;Xme[m avmufavmufvm;vm;&SdwJh at*sifpDA[dkXmeBuD;tjzpfay:xGef;vmoifhygw,f/ 'gqdk&iftckxufydkNyD; pGrf;tm;jynhfaqmif&GufEdkifvdrfhr,fvdkY arQmfvifh

&ygaMumif; a&;om;vdkuf&ygw,f/

jzLjzLcdkif&efukef? Zefe0g&D 21 opftajccHy&dabm*vkyfief;&Sif

rsm;toif;ESifh jrefrmEkdifiHBudrfESifh0g;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;wkdYyl;aygif; yxrqkH;tBudrftjzpfusif;yrnfh

Myanmar International Furniture

EXPO]]2015 y&dabm*aps;a&mif;

yGJawmfukd&efukefNrKdU? OD;0dpm&vrf;?wyfrawmfcef;rwGifazazmf0g&D 12&ufrS15 &uftxdusif;yoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; Zefe0g&D 21 &uf? CityStar[kdw,fwGifjyKvkyfaom owif;

pm&Sif;vif;yGJrS od&onf/ ]]jrefrmEkdifiHBudrfESifh0g;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;eJUopftajccHy&dabm*

vkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif; yl;aygif;NyD;awmhy&dabm*jyyGJukdyxrqkH;tBudrfusif;yrSmjzpfygw,f/ jynfwGif;rSm&SdwJh ypnf;trsKd;rsKd;eJUy&dabm*xkwf

vkyfa&mif;cswJhy&dabm*vkyfief;&SifawGyl;aygif;NyD; usif;yjcif;jzpfw,f/uRefawmfwkdU 2015 'DZifbmrSmpr,fhAECpwifvmr,fhtcsde frSm

jynfwGif;xkwfvkyfrItaeeJYtmqD,Haps;uGuftwGif;rSmyg0ifNyD; ,SOfNyKdifEkdifzkdU? tvkyftukdiftcGifhtvrf;awG

zefwD;ay;EkdifzkdU &nf&G,fygw,f}}[kjrefrmEkdifiHBudrfESifh0g;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;

toif;Ou|OD;ausmfoluajymonf/opftajccH y&dabm*vkyfief;

&Sifrsm;toif;'kOu| OD;wifOD;u

]]uRefawmfwkdUvkyfief;&SifawGpkpnf;NyD;awmh toif;wpfckjzpfvmatmifvkyfaqmifNyD;awmh wdrfjrKyfaewJhy&dabm*vkyfief;awGukdwkd;wufNyD;aps;uGufykdrkd&&Sdvmatmif? t&nftaoG;jrifhwJh y&dabm*awGxkwfvkyfEkdifatmif qkdNyD;awmhuRefawmfwkdY'DyGJukdyxrqkH;taeeJYyg 0ifjyo

jcif;jzpfygw,f/ y&dabm*ypnf;awGqkdwm acwfeJ UtnD'DZkdif;awGajymif;v JaeNyD ; tNrJwrf;tokH;c sae&wJh ypnf;jzpfygw,f/ tckcsdefrSm uGef'kdrDeD,rfawG? [kdw,fawG?tajccHtaqmufttHkawGNrKdUjyawGt&rf;wk d;wufvmwJhtcgrSm y&dabm*awG[m wu,fukdvkdtyfwJh

aps;u GuftBu D;Bu D;yg/ 'Dvkd aps;uGufBuD;ukdvkyfukdifzkdUtcGifhtvrf;&zkdUqkdwm uRefawmfwkdY vkyfief;&Sif

awGpnf;pnf;vkH;vkH;e JY nDnGwfpGm&ifqkdifzkdYvkdygw,f/ bmaMumifhvJ

qkdawmh EkdifiHjcm;ukrPDBuD;awGuaps;uGufxJukdvmNyD;awmh vkyfukdifaewJhtcgrSm uRefawmfwkdYu olwkdUeJU,SOf&iftbufbufuenf;ynmykdif;awG? vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;awGrrDbl;/ukefMurf;awGtaeeJY uRefawmfwkdUqD

rSm opfeJYtajccHypnf;awGuvGJvkdYusefwJhy&dabm*rSmokH;wJhypnf;awGuEkdifiHjcm;uaeoGif;&w,f/'gaMumifhuRefawmfwkdU y&dabm*vkyfwJhvkyfief;&SifawGu wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf

enf;ynmawGzvS,fNyD; pkpnf;vkyfrSEkdifiHjcm;ukrPDawGukd,SOfEkdifrSmjzpfyg

w,f}}[kajymonf/

jrefrmEkdifiH\yxrqkH;tBudrfy&dabm*aps;a&mif;yGJawmfazazmf0g&D12 &ufwGifusif;yrnf


7/43

15


NOTES

TWEETONOMICSvdkwdk&Sif;pD;yGm;a&;tdkif'D,m (82)

apmEdkif(toHk;csabm*aA')tkdtD;pD'DqkdonfrSm(What is the OECD?)

1948 ckESpfu xlaxmifcJhonfh Oa&mypD;yGm;a&;yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrItzGJU (Organisation for European Economic Co-operation-OEEC)onf,ckzGJUpnf;xm;onfh tkdtD;pD'D(OECD)tzGJU\ tpjzpfonf/ tkdtD;pD'D (OECD)tzGJUqdkonfrSm pD;yGm;a&;yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIESifh zGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrItzGJUudk t*Fvdyfbmomjzifhac:onfh Orga-nization for Economic Co-operation and Developmenta0g[m&pmvHk;rsm;\ tppmvHk;rsm;udk,l twdkaumufac:xm;jcif;jzpfonf/

OEECrS tkdtD;pD'D (OECD)tzGJU tjzpf1961 ckESpftopfjyefvnfxlaxmifcJhNyD;aemuftcsdefESifhtrQ ydkrkdus,fjyefYvmcJh&m Oa&myEdkifiH

rsm;r[kwfonfh *syefESifhtar&duefEdkifiHrsm;yg yg0ifvmcJhonf/ 2010ckESpfu tzGJU0ifEkdifiHtjzpfvHk;00ifa&mufjcif;r&Sdao;onfh vufwiftar&dua'orSyxrOD;qHk;0ifa&mufvmaom tzGJU0ifEdkifiHtjzpfcsDvDEdkifiH 0ifa&mufvmcJhonf/

tkdtD;pD'D(OECD)tzGJUudk a,bk,stm;jzifh EkdifiHwumpD;yGm;a&;tzGJUtpnf;wpfck[k IjrifEkdifNyD; 'Drkdua&pDESifhaps;uGufpepfzGHUNzdK;vmap&eftwGuf t"du tm;xkwfvkyfudkifaeaom EkdifiHaygif; 34 EdkifiH(2014 ckESpfpm&if;t&) yg0ifonfhtzGJUjzpfonf/ ruqDudk? ydkvefESifhwl&uDuJhodkY pD;yGm;a&; tiftm;aumif;onfh EkdifiHrsm;yg0ifrIrsm;aomaMumifh csrf;omaomEdkifiHrsm;yg0ifzGJUpnf;xm;aom uvyfwpfck[kvnf; ac:Ekdifonf/ tzGJU\&nfrSef;csufyef;wkdiftjzpfa&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufrI? tvkyftudkif&&SdrIjrifhrm;a&;? b@ma&;wnfNidrfrI? urmhukefoG,fa&;zGHUNzdK;vmrIESifh EdkifiHrsm;\ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGifyg0ifulnDa&;wdkYudk owfrSwfxm;onf/

tkdtD;pD'D(OECD)tzGJUonfpm&if;tif;qdkif&mESifhywfoufvnf;ta&;BuD;aomZmpfjrpfwpfck[kvnf;qkdEdkifonf/ 4if;tzGJUrS pm&if;tif;?udef;*Pef;rsm;udk toHk;jyK ukefoG,fa&;? enf;ynmESifh taumuftcGefqkdif&mrsm; ajymif;vJvmaompepfrsm;? yHkpHrsm; udkavhvmjcif;rsm;?cefYrSef;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ tzGJUBuD;\&nfrSef;csufrsm;ESifhqufpyfrI&Sdaomvkyfief;rsm;taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufEdkif&eftwGufat*sifpD

rsm;jzpfonfhtkdtD;pD'DzGHUNzdK;rIpifwm (1961)? EdkifiHwumpGrf;tifat*sifpD(1974)ESifh aiGaMu;c0gcsrI wdkufzsufa&; b@ma&;vkyfief;tzGJU(1989)wdkYudkvnf; xlaxmifrIrsm;jyKvkyfcJhonf/

jrefrmEdkifiH&Sdwuodkvf? aumvdyfrsm;jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd0efBuD;Xmersm;tvdkufwuodkvf? aumvdyf

ta&twGufrsm;rSmatmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf-(u) ynma&;0efBuD;XmewGif 68 ck(c) usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmewGif 15 ck(*) odyHESifhenf;ynm0efBuD;XmewGif 62 ck(C) umuG,fa&;0efBuD;XmewGif 6 ck(i) or0g,r0efBuD;XmewGif 5 ck(p) omoema&;0efBuD;XmewGif 3 ck(q) e,fpyfa&;&m0efBuD;XmewGif 2 ck(Z) ,Ofaus;rI0efBuD;XmewGif 2 ck

(ps) ydkYaqmifa&;0efBuD;XmewGif 2 ck(n) ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ESifhopfawma&;&m 0efBuD;XmewGif 1 ck

(#) v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;ESifhqnfajrmif;0efBuD;XmewGif 1 ck

(X) arG;jrLa&;? a&vkyfief;ESifh aus;vufa'ozGHUNzdK;a&;0efBuD;XmewGif 1 ck

(!) jynfaxmifpk&mxl;0eftzGJUwGif 1 ck

jrefrmEkdifiH\ opfawmzHk;vTrf;rItaetxm;jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; ESpftvdkufopfawmzHk;vTrf;rItaetxm;

rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf-(u) 1856 ckESpf 70 &mckdifEIef;(c) 1925 ckESpf 68 'or 8 &mckdifEIef;(*) 1957 ckESpf 57 'or 2 &mckdifEIef;(C) 1975 ckESpf 52 'or 7 &mckdifEIef;(i) 2005 ckESpf 51 &mckdifEIef;(p) 2008 ckESpf 24 &mckdifEIef;

t"duydkYukeftkyfpk (7)rsKd;jrefrmEkdifiHrS jynfyodkYt"duwifydkYonfh ykdYukeftkyfpk

(7)rsKd;rSm atmufygtwkdif;jzpfonf-(u) qef? yJ? qDxGufoD;ESHwdkYyg0ifonfh v,f,mxGuf

ukefypnf;tkyfpk(c) om;a&pdrf;? om;a&acsmuJhodkY aom ypnf;rsm ;

yg0ifonfh wd&pmefxGufypnf;tkyfpk

(*) ig;? ykpGefESifh tjcm;a&xGufukefrsm;yg0ifonfha&xGufukefypnf;tkyfpk

(C) ausmufpdrf;?ausmufrsufypnf;rsm;yg0ifonfhowK

wGif;xGufypnf;tkyfpk(i) opfawmxGufypnf;tkyfpk(p) obm0"mwfaiGU? csKyfNyD;txnfrsm;yg0ifonfhpufrI

ukefacsm ypnf;tkyfpk(q) tjcm;ydkYukefypnf;tkyfpkwkdY jzpfonf/

wpfESpfydkYukef0ifaiGEdkifiHtvdkufb@mESpfwpfESpftwGif; ydkYukef0ifaiG&&SdrIrSm

atmufyg twdkif;jzpfonf-(u) jrefrmEkdifiH\wpfESpfydkYuke f0i fai GrS m a' :vm 8 bDvD,H(c) xdkif;EdkifiH\wpfESpfydkYukef0ifaiGrSm a':vm 229 bDvD,H(*) rav;&Sm;EdkifiH\wpfESpfydkYukef0ifaiGrSm a':vm 230 bDvD,H(C) tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiH\wpfESpfydkYukef0ifaiGrSm a':vm 190 bDvD,H(i) AD,uferfEdkifiH\wpfESpfydkYukef0ifaiGrSm a':vm 128 bDvD,H

c&D;oGm;vkyfief;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuftoif;tzGJUrsm;c&D;oGm;vkyfief;zGUHNzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGufjrefrmEdkifiHc&D;

oGm;vkyfief;tzGJUcsKyfatmufwGifatmufygtzGJUtpnf;rsm;zGJUpnf;xm;ygonf-

(u) jrefrmEdkifiH [dkw,fvkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;(c) jrefrmEdkifiH c&D;oGm;vkyfief;&Sifrsm;toif;(*) jrefrmEdkifiH pmzkdrSL;BuD;rsm;toif;

pmrsufESm 35 okdU

tpdk;&rl0g'aMumifhEdkifiHwGif;&Sdukefaps;EIef;twuftustajymif;tvJrsm; jzpfay:Edkifygonf/ avmavmvwfvwfwifjyEdkifaomom"uwpfckonfjrefrmEdkifiH\EdkifiHjcm;rSarmfawmfum;rsm;wifoGif;rItwGufpD;yGm;a&;ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;0efBuD;Xme\ukefoG,frIrl0g'tajymif;tvJaMumifh,cifEdkifiHjcm;rSwifoGif;vmaomum;rsm; aps;EIef;ESifh ,ckukefoG,fa&;rl0g'ajymif;vJNyD;aemufydkif; armfawmfum;aps;EIef;rsm; odod

omom aps;usoGm;jcif;jzpfygonf/,cifrl0g'onfEdkifiHjcm;rSum;rsm;wifoGif;&mwGifoGif;ukefygrpfokdYr[kwfoGif;ukefvdkifpif&Sdolrsm;omEdkifiHjcm;rSum;rsm;wifoGif;cGifhjyKygonf/xdkokdYarmfawmfum;rsm;wifoGif;Edkifa&;twGuf,cifuum;ygrpfcsay;&mwGifEdkifiHjcm;aiG&Sdolwdkif;armfawmfum;wifoGif;cGifhygrpftvG,fwul

r&&SdMuyg/ 0efBuD;XmerS pdppfNyD;um;wifoGif;cGifh ygrpf&&SdoltcsKdUta&twGuftenf;i,fom um;wifoGif;cGifh&ojzifh jrefrmEdkifiH&Sdarmfawmfum;aps;uGufwGifum;aps;rsm; acgifcdkufatmifaps;wufaeMuygonf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif EdkifiHjcm;rSum;wifoGif;ol ta&twGufenf;ojzifh jrefrmEdkifiH&Sdarmfawmfum;rsm;\ta&twGufonfvnf;tjcm;tdrfeD;csif; tmqD,HEdkifiHrsm;ESifh EdIif;,SOfvQifjrefrmEdkifiHonfum;ta&twGufESifhvlOD;a&tcsKd;udkMunfhvQiftenf;qkH;taetxm;wGif&Sdaeonfudk awGU&Sd&ygonf/

rMumaorDumvtwGif ;uarmfawmfum;wifoGif;rIESifhpyfvsOf; ukefoG,fa&;rl0g'rsm; tajymif;tvJvkyfvmcJhygonf/ yxrtpDtpOft& um;tdkum;a[mif;rsm;udkum;oufwrf;ESifharmfawmfum;rSwfykH

wifeHygwf?tu&mpmvkH;rsm;tvdkufjyefvnftyfcGifhjyKNyD; jyeftyfaomum;rsm;\ajypm(slip)jzifh EdkifiHjcm;rSum;0,f,lcGifhygrpfrsm; xkwfay;NyD; um;rsm;wifoGif;cGifhjyKcJhojzifhEdkifiHjcm;um;rsm; aps;xdk;usoGm;ygonf/ xdkYaemufwpfzefaemufxyf

tpDtpOft& armf',fjrifhum;rsm;udkoGif;ukefygrpfyifrvdktyfawmhbJ0,f,lwifoGif;cGifhjyKcJhonf/ ,if;okdYaqmif&Guf&mwGifxl;jcm;csufwpfckonf,cifuEdkifiHjcm;rSypnf;rsm;wifoGif;jcif;(um;tygt0if) wifoGi f;o lwGif (earning dollor)ud kEdkifiHjcm;okdY ukefypnf;(export)vkyfxm;NyD; &&SdaiGudk bPfpm&if;&SdrSom oGif;ukefwifoGif;cGifhjyKaomrljzpfygonf/ ,cktcg armfawmfum;rsm; wifoGif;&mwGifoGif;ukeftwGuf(earning dollor)rvdkawmhbJEdkifiHjcm;aiG pm&if;zGifhcGifh&Sdaom

bPfrsm;wGifbPfpm&if; pm&if;oGif;cGifh&Sdaom a':vm(earning

dollor)jzpfap? r[kwfonfjzpfap?w&m;0ifpm&if;oGif;NyD;ygu if;bPfpm&if;ygaiGjzifh armfawmfum;wifoGif;cGifhjyKjcif;udk vufcHvmygonf/ okdYjzpfEdkifiHjcm;rS um;wifoGif;jcif;vkyfief;onftvGefvG,fuloufomvmojzifhjynfwGif;um;aps;rsm;xyfrHusqif;jyefawmhonf/

tpdk;&\rl0g'rsm;aMumifhaps;EIef;rsm;xdk;usaom aemufxyfukefypnf;wpfrsKd;onfw,fvDzkef;jzpfonf/,ckacwfwGifqufoG,fa&;ud&d,mjzpfaom w,fvDzkef;onfr&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom ypnf; wpfrsKd;jzpfygonf/ w,fvDzke f;wGi fBudK;zkef;ESifhvlESifhwpfygwnf; o,faqmifoGm;Edkifaom rdkbkdif;(Mobile)odkYr[kwf[rf;zkef;(Hand Phone)ESpfrsKd;&Sd&m t"dutm;jzifh [rf;zkef;(Hand Phone)rsm;taMumif; wifjyvdkygonf/

tpdk;&\rl0g'ESifU

ukefaps; EIef;ukefaps; EIef;

pmrsufESm 35 okdU

armifbkd(jrefatmif)


8/43

16


ARTICLE,aeYacwfEdkifiHa&;vIyf&Sm;Muaom jrefrmausmif;om;wdkY

onf&mpkopf\wdkufyGJ0ifEkdifiHa&;wdkufyGJ0ifrsm;jzpfonfESifhtnD vIyf&Sm;Muonfh enf;emed,rsm;onfvnf; qef;opfMuNyD; acwfa[mif;ESihfrwlwpfrluGJ jym; Muonfhoabm&S donf/ qef ;opfMuonfqdk&m dk;dk;uav;ESihfqef;onf[kqdk&rnfjzpfayonf/ 4if;wdkY\ oydwfwdkufyGJonftzGihf

tydwftwuftqkwfponfhtm;jzifh [efcsufnDa&GUvsm;MuouJhodkY yl;aygif;pOf;pm;NyD; wdkufyGJykHPmefrsm;udk azmfaqmifMuonfhoabmvnf;&Sdonf/ ,cif2014 Edk0ifbmoydwfwGifEdkifiHawmftpdk;&udk &ufaygif; 60 tcsdefay; vlBuD;qefpGmoydwfudk wpfydkif;acwem;NyD; awGUqHkaqG;aEG;tajz&Sma&;twGufwHcg;zGifhxm;vsuf&SdqJjzpfonfudk 'Drdkua&pDynma&;vIyf&Sm;rIOD;aqmifaumfrwD\ 2015 ckESpfZefe0g&Dv 14 &ufaeY xkwfjyefaMunmcsuft& xifxif&Sm;&Sm; od&Sd&ayonf/ xdkaMunmcsuft& ,cifEdk0ifbmoydwfrSqHk;jzwfcsufjzpfaom trsKd;om; ynma&;

Oya'udkIaxmifh6 ckrStajccHoHk;oyf rl0g' 9 csuftay:rlwnfNyD; awmif;qdkcsuf11 csufawmif;qdkcJhMuonf[kod&ygonf/ 4if;tcsuf11 csufudkoufqdkifolrsm; ESihfawGUqHkaqG;

aEG;ndEIdif; tajz&SmoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; od&ygonf/ xkdYaMumifh,ck&ufaygif; 60 aemufydkif; jyefponfh rEav; &efukefc&D;&SnfcsDwufyGJoydwfonfxkdodkYawGUqHkaqG; aEG;tajz&Sma&;twGufEdkifiHa&;t& Nidrf;csrf;pGm vIyf&Sm;Mujcif;jzpfonf[krSwf,l&rnfjzpfygonf/ awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;onfom jynfolvlxkwpf&yfvHk;\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk taumif;qHk;apmifha&Smuf&ma&mufayrnf/

,ck oydwfarSmufausmif;om;rsm;\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfygonf/1/ ynma&;rl0g'ESihfOya'rsm;? enf;Oya'rsm;? qufpyfOya'

rsm; a&;qGJ&mwGifausmif;om;ausmif;ol udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? q&m q&mr udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0if&efudp/

2/ ausmif;om;or*rsm;? q&mor*rsm; vGwfvyfpGm zGJUpnf;xlaxmifvIyf&Sm;cGihfESihf4if;or*rsm; wnf&SdrItay:

w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKa&;udp/3/ vuf&Sdjy|mef;NyD;jzpfaom trsKd;om;ynma&;Oya'wGif

yg0ifonfhtrsKd;om;ynma&;aumfr&SifESihfwuodkvfrsm;aygif;pyfndEIdif;a&;aumfrwD zGJUpnf;xm;jcif;udp/

4/ a'otvdkufESihfausmif;tvdkufvGwfvyfpGm pDrHcefYcGJEkdifonfhynma&;qdkif&m ukd,fydkifjy|mef;cGihfudp/

5/ vuf&SdusifhoHk;vsuf&Sdaom pmar;yGJpepfESihfwuodkvf0ifcGihfpepfrsm; jyifqif&efudp/

6/ ausmif;om;rsm; vGwfvyfpGm pOf;pm;awG;ac:NyD; udk,fwdkifavhvmpl;prf;oif,lEkdifonfhoifMum;enf;pepfrsm; ajymif;vJ&efudp/

7/ wdkif;&if;om;rsKd;EG,fpkrsm;\ bmompum; vGwfvyfcGihfESihfrdcifbmompum; tajcjyK bmompum;pHk ynma&;

pepf(mother tongue based multi-lingual education)udk

trsKd;om;ynma&;Oya'wGifxnfhoGif;jy|mef;&efudp/8/ roefpGrf;uav;rsm;tygt0ifuav;tm;vHk;twGufvl

wdkif; tusHK;0ifynma&;(inclusive education)udp/9/ ausmif;om;ta&;tcif;rsm;aMumifhausmif;xkwfcHcJh&onfh

ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyefvnfwufa&mufcGihfudp/10/ ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk wpfEdkifiHvHk; toHk;p&dwf\ 20

&mckdifEIef; owfrSwfEdkifa&;udp/11/ tcrJhroifrae& ynma&;pepfudkrlvwef;tqifhomru

tv,fwef;tqifhtxdwdk;jrifhusihfoHk;a&;udp/xdk 11 csuf\ tESpfom&rsm;udk aocsmpGm oHk;oyf

Munfhygu 'Drdkua&pD,Ofaus;rIudk taxmuftuljyKaomynma&;pepfrsKd;jzpfNyD; EkdifiHawmfzGHUNzdK;wkd;wufa&;twGufr&Sdrjzpfvdktyfcsufjzpfonfh vlrI0dZmynmrsm;? ukefxkwfvkyfrItwwfynmrsm;wwfuRrf;rIjrifhvma&;twGufrsm; t&Sdeft[kefjrifhrm;pGm pGrf;aqmifEdkifrnfjzpfayonf/ Oyrm/ / txufyg

11 csufteufrS trSwf7 uJhodkYaom tcsufrsKd;om atmifjrifrnfqkdygu jynfaxmifpkom;rsm;tcsif;csif; em;vnfrI?

cspfMunf&if;ESD;rIrsm; wdk;yGm;vmrnfjzpfNyD; jynfaxmifpk Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGufBuD;rm;aom taxmuftuljzpfrnf[k qdk&rnfjzpfygonf/

onfudkawGU&ygonf/ trsKd;om;ynma&;Oya'tm; tpdk;&\rlabmiftwGif;rS jyifr&Edkifojzifh jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfrS jyefvnfoHk;oyfay;yg&efo0PfvTmydkYNyD; taMumif;Mum;onf[k od&ygonf/ xdktawmtwGif; ausmif;om;wdkY\c&D;&SnfcsDwufyGJoydwfppfaMumif;onfrEvmajrrStpjyKumr[m&efukefodkY OD;wnfcsDwufvmaeNyDjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;wdkY\oydwfonfukef;aMumif;csDwufrIjzpf ,ck 21 &mpkjrefrmhordkif;wGifyxrOD;qHk; c&D;&SnfcsDwufrIoydwfjzpfay

onf/1300jynfhta&;awmfyHktwGif;uvnf; a&eHajrrSoydwfppfaMumif;onfrauG;? jynfvrf;aMumif;twdkif; &efukefodkYcsDwufcJhNyD; tjcm;e,fpHkrSoydwfrsm;ESihfaygif;pnf;cJhzl;ygonf/,ckausmif;om;wdkYonfvnf; rEav;rSonfrauG;odkY ta&SUbufvrf;rSwpfqifh csDwufvmjcif;jzpfNyD; rauG;? jynfvrf;aMumif;twkdif; ,cif1300 jynfhta&;awmfyHkol&Jaumif;wkdYcsDwuf&mvrf;aMumif;twkdif; &efukefokdY csDwufMurnfjzpfonf[k od&ygonf/

jrefrmhEdkifiHa&;e,fy,f EdkifiHa&;q,fvDb&pfwDrsm;udkrMumcP jrifawGUaeMu&onfh jynfolrsm;a&SUarSmufrS ukef;aMumif;csDwufrIonf Ekdifi Ha&;t& ydktm;ygayonf/

ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;onfrdbjynfolrsm;\ om;orD;t&G,frsm; jzpfaeMuonfhtwGufwdkufyGJ0ifausmif;om;rsm;taejzihfrdbjynfolrsm;\ pmemaxmufxm;rI? oem;MuifemrIrsm;udk vG,fvG,fulul &Ekdifayonf/ ,ck c&D;&SnfcsDwufyGJoydwftm; 'Drdkua&pDa&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;udktxl;vdkvm;aomjyifyy&dowfwpfOD;taeESihfvufvSrf;rDorQ avhvmqef;ppf

Munfhrd&m oydwfwdkufyGJwGifEdkifiHa&;t& tm;omcsufrsm;pGm&Sdonfudk owdjyKrdygonf/ odkYaomf oydwftiftm;pkrsm;

owdjyKtyfonfhtcsufwcsKdUESihf aqmif&GufoihfonfhtcsufwcsKdUvnf; &Sdonf[k ,lqrdygonf/ uRefawmfvufvSrf;rDorQ okH;oyfMunhf&mwGif-1/ oydwfwyfom;rsm; udk,fhtcsif;csif; oabmxm;rsm;

uawmufuqrjzpfrd&efowdjyKoihfygonf/2/ csDwufrItwGif; vltrsKd;rsKd; ygvmEkdifNyD; EkdifiHa&;ta&mif

taoG;rsm;vnf; trsKd;rsKd; ygvmEkdifygayonf/ oydwf\EdkifiHa&;tESpfom&onf'Drdkua&pDta&;jzpfonfhtwGufoydwf yg0ifvmMuaom EkdifiHa&;tiftm;pkrsm;tm;vHk;tm; yifroydwfvrf;aMumif;xJokdYoyfoyf&yf&yfESifhyg0ifvmap&efaqmif&GufMu&ygrnf/

3/ &efukefESihfaejynfawmf&SdonfhoydwftzGJU0ifr[kwfaomOyrm EkdifusOf;uJhokdYaom yk*Kdvfrsm;uvnf; EkdifiHa&;

ap&efMum;0ifNyD; csOf;uyfpnf;Hk;ay;oihfygonf/4/ EdkifiHa&;t& Mum;aejzpfaom vlxkudkvnf; ypfrSwfxm;

wdk;csJUpnf;Hk; axmufcHrItiftm;rsm; wdk;yGm;atmifvkyfoihfygonf/

5/ vlxkta&SU rdefYcGef;ajymonfhtcgvnf; pdwfcHpm;rIrsm;tukefxnfh wdkufcdkufajymqdkrIrsm;tm; wwfEkdiforQa&SmifNyD; rdrdudk,fudk,frdrda&G;aumufyGJtwGufpnf;Hk;rJqG,faeonfh EkdifiHa&;orm;uJhodkY oabmxm;NyD; tcktrsKd;om;ynma&;Oya'rSpdwfysufp&mtaumif;qHk;tydkif;rsm;udk rsm;rsm;OD;pm;ay; a0zefajymoihfygonf/

6/ rvGwfvyfonfh ynma&;pepf? atmufwef;aemufwef;usaeaom ynma&;pepftm; pdwfysufaeMuonfhausmif;om;rsm;? rdbrsm;? ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm;onft"duypfrSwfxm;NyD; pnf;Hk;oifhonfholrsm;jzpfonf[kxifjrif,lqrdygonf/

7/ oydwftm; raxmufcHonfh q&mq&mrrsm;vnf; &SdEkdifygonf/ raxmufcHHkrQru ausmif;om;av;rsm;tm;ravmufav;ravmufpm; oabmxm;NyD; qHk;rMo0g'ay;rnfh ausmif;q&mrsm;vnf; &dSEkdifygonf/ 4if;wdkYtm;a'goESifh wHkUjyef cGef;wHkYjyefjcif;rsm;vkyfNyD; tcsdefukefrcHbJ wwfEdkiforQ a&SmifuGif;oGm;oihfygonf/

8/ txl;owdjyK&eftcsufwpfcsufrSm oydwft&SdefwufvmonfESifhtrQ wpfzufrS wHkUjyefrIuvnf; t&SdefjrihfvmEkdifygonf/ xdkYaMumifh Nidrf;csrf;pGm csDwufrIudk txl;

*kpdkufxdef;odrf; &efukefta&mufcsDwufMu&rnfjzpfygonf/jrefrmtmPmydkifwdkYbufrSvnf; BudKwif tpDtrHrsm;&Sd

xm;Edkifonf[k ,lqygonf/ jzpfEdkifacs&SdonfrSm oydwft&Sdefraumif;ygu tpDtpOfwpfrsKd;jzpfEdkifNyD; oydwfppfaMumif;jzwfoef;oGm;&mwpfavQmufrS NrdKUcHrdbjynfolrsm;\ aEG;axG;

pGm BudKqdkaxmufcHrI&Sdvmonfhtcg awGUqHkaqG;aEG;a&;tpDtpOfudk xkwfoHk;Edkifygonf/ ,ckausmif;om;oydwf\ awmif;qdkxm;onfhtcsuf11 csuftm; awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh atmifjrifpGm ajz&Sif;Ekdifjcif;onfjrefrmhynma&;pepfwpfcwfqef;

vmrnfhta&;omru? 'Drdkua&pD toGiful;ajymif;a&;udk

aqmif&GufaeMuaom jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfwdkY\ EdkifiHa&;*kPfodumudkvnf; rsm;pGm jrifhrm;apEdkifrnf[k xifjrif,lqygonf/ xkdYaMumifh cspfpudk&Snfap?

rkef;pudkwdkap[k a&S;vlBuD;olrwdkY qdkdk;&SdcJhMuonfhtwdkif;jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHom; jynfolrsm; cspfMunfa&; Nidrf;csrf;

a&;rsm;udk ydkrdkjzpfap&eftwGuf,ckausmif;om;oydwftm;EkdifiHa&;t& *kPfodum jrifhrm;pGm awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifhom

tqHk;owfoihfonf[k ,lqrdygonf/

jrefrmausmif;om;wdkY\c&D;&SnfcsDwufwdkufyGJoydwftm;vufvSrf;rDorQavhvmMunfhaomtcga r m ifa r m ifa us mf

jrefrmEkdifiHawmftpdk;&bufrSvnf; wHkUjyefvIyf&Sm;rI&Sdvm orm;rsm; oydwftay: w&m;0ifaxmufcHrIrsm; rsm;vm

"mwfyHk-eEmppfEdkif


9/43

17


INTERVIEW

&efoludkrdwfaqGjzpfatmifvkyfr,f. . .rdwfaqGudkaqGrsKd;jzpfatmifvkyfr,f. . .aqGrsKd;udkrdom;pkjzpfatmifvkyfr,f. . .

tefu,fOD;ausmfpdk;av;taeeJY jynfaxmifpkMuHhcdkifa&;ESifhzGHUNzdK;a&;ygwD udk,fpm;jyKNyD;rkd;nif;NrdKUe,fjynfolYvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fjzpfvmw,f/tJ'Dvdkjzpfay:vmzdkYtwGufEdkifiHa&;avmuxJudkb,fvdktpjyKcJhygovJ/

1993 ckESpftrsKd;om;nDvmcHudk,fpm;

vS,ftjzpfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&w,f/ tJ'Dawmh trsKd;om;nDvmcHwufcJhw,f/ tJ'Daemufydkif;rSm jynfaxmifpkMuHhcdkifa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;ygwDqdkNyD;jzpfvmw,f/ jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwDrSmyxrawmh jrpfBuD;em;cdkiftvkyftrIaqmifaygh/ tJ'Daemufydkif; rdk;nif;cdkifrSm ckdiftvkyftrIaqmifjzpfvmw,f/ NyD;awmh rdk;aumif;?zm;uefYwm0efcHjzpfvmw,f/ t"duawmhvlrItusKd;pD;yGm;awGudk aqmif&Gufay;EdkifvdkYjzpfcJhwmyg/ jynfcdkifNzdK;toif;tzGJUrSmvnf; vlBuD;awGvrf;nTefrIawG&SdcJhygw,f/ jynfcdkifNzdK;toif; ray:rDuwnf;u vrf;pOfygwDrSmcdkiftqifhacgif;aqmifwm0efxrf;aqmifcJhygw,f/ jynfcdkifNzdK;ay:rStusKd;jyKvkyfief;awG

pvkyfcJhwm r[kwfbl;/ ESpfaygif; ajrmufjrm;pGmvkyfcJhw,f/ 1976ckESpfrSm pHjyausmif;om;qk &&SdcJhw,f/ MuufajceDoifwef;rSm jzpfygw,f/ 1978rSm qkwpfck&&SdcJhao;w,f/ ajymr,fqdk&ifrdrde,fajra'otwGufpOfqufrjywftusKd;jyKvkyfief;awGvkyfcJhw,f/ tJ'Dawmh ausmfpdk;av;qdkwmudk todtrSwfjyKcJhw,f/

uRefawmfowdxm;rdoavmuftefu,fOD;ausmfpdk;av;[m owif;awGaqmif;yg;awGa&;om;wmudkvnf;awGU&ygw,f/ tJ'Dtydkif;udkvnf; qufajymjyay;ygOD;/

[kwfuJhyg/ vkyfom;wdkY? AdkvfwaxmifwdkYrSm owif;awGa&;cJhzl;ygw,f/ tJ'Dacwf

tcguowif;wpfyk'frS tpdwfyJ (25 usyf)&w,f/ aqmif;yg;awGa&;wmvnf; wkdif;jyKtusKd;jyKaqmif;yg;awGyg/ wkdif;&if;om;tusKd;jyKaqmif;yg;awGa&;jzpfwmyg/ jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwDa&mufvmawmhvnf; vlBuD;awGtaeeJYu uRefawmftusKd;jyKvkyfief;vkyfcJhwmawGudkjrifoGm;ykH&ygw,f/ uRefawmfu atmufajcu um;orm;eJYvnf;aygif;w,f/ qDxnfhwJhvleJYvnf;odw,f/ xrif;csufwJhvleJYvnf;&if;ESD;w,f/ wyfydkif;qdkif&mudpawGrSmvnf;xdyfoD;ydkif; t&m&SdawGeJY tm;vkH;cifaew,f/AdkvfrSL;csKyfausmf0if;qdk&ifuRefawmfhudk t&rf;cspfw,f/ olu ausmfpdk;av; aqmif&GufcsufawGt&rf;aumif;w,fqdkNyD; vla&SU ola&SUrSm

*kPfazmfcsD;usL;cJhwmawG &Sdygw,f/ 'guawmh wyfrawmftpdk;&vufxufuyg/ ajcjywfvufjywf&JabmfroefpGrf;awGeJYvnf; cifw,f/ olwdkYeJYvnf;aygif;w,f/ Xmeqdkif&mtydkif;rSmvnf; tqifajyatmifaygif;oif;qufqHcJhw,f/ tJ'Dawmh NcKHNyD;ajymvdkuf&iftqifhtwef;rcGJjcm;bl;? vlrsKd;bmomrcGJjcm;

bl;/ tm;vkH;eJY o[ZmwjzpfatmifaexdkifcJhw,f/ 'guvnf; uRefawmfh&JU,kHMunfrI ykHpHwpfckjzpfygw,f/ 'gudk uRefawmfh&JUywf0ef;usiftodkif;t0dkif;uvnf; vufcHcJhw,f/2010 jynfhESpfa&G;aumufyGJrSm jynfolua&G;cs,fwifajrmufwJhjynfolYvTwfawmfudk,f

pm;vS,fjzpfcJhw,f/ vmr,fh2015 rSmvnf;'Da'ouyJ0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifr,fvdkYuRefawmfodxm;w,f/ tJ'Dawmh tefu,fNydKifbufudk,fpm;vS,f&JUtcsuftvufawGudktefu,fvnf; odxm;NyD;jzpfr,fxifw,f/ tefu,f&JUpnf;kH;a&;vkyfaqmifcsufawGtjyif2015a&G;aumufyGJudk b,fvdkausmfjzwfoGm;w,fqdkwm ajymjyay;ygOD;cifAsm;/

uRefawmfhtaeeJY2015 u xl;xl;jcm;jcm;BuD;r&Sdygbl;/ ykHrSefpnf;kH;a&;vkyfief;udkus,fus,fjyefYjyefY vkyfoGm;zdkYyJ&Sdw,f/ 2015 rSmygwD&JU vrf;nTefcsuft& EdkifiHeJY EdkifiHom;tusKd;pD;yGm;twGufjznfhwif;aqmif&GufzdkYuygwD&JUoabmxm;yJjzpfygw,f/ ygwDatmif

Edkifa&;udkawmh BudK;pm;&rSmaygh? 2010 a&G;aumufyGJwkef;u ucsifjynfe,frSmav;cdkif&Sd

w,f/ 'guvnf; uRefawmf&JUtawGUtBuKHeJYjzwfoef;cJhwJh tajctaet& jzpfw,f/ uRefawmfu armufarmufrmrmr&Sdbl;/ uRefawmfwdkYygwDu udk,fpm;vS,fawGu tawGUtBuKHeJY

t&nftcsif;udk tm;jyKNyD; pkzGJUxm;wm jzpfw,f/ 'gudk vlxku qkH;jzwfoGm;vdrfhr,f/wcsKdUu rJvdrfwmawG? rJcdk;wmawGwpfu@aygh? vlrsKd;a&;udk tajccHwJh usm;jzLygwDeJYt"du,SOfNydKifcJh&w,f/ rkd;nif;u &Srf;awGrsm;w,f/ 'gayrJh wcsKdU&GmawGrSm uRefawmfIH;ygw,f/ IH;aomfvnf; tJ'D&GmawG&JU zGHUNzdK;rIawGudkaqmif&Gufay;ygw,f/ 2010 udkwcsKdUu vG,fw,fvdkYxifcJhw,f/ 'gayrJh vufawGUb0rSm EdkifzdkYrvG,fcJhygbl;/ aemufwpfcku jrpfBuD;em;rSmu OD;odef;aZmf0ifNydKifw,f/Aef;armfrSmu AdkvfcsKyfvGef;armif? rdk;aumif;rSmAdkvfcsKyfbkef;aqG? zm;uefYrSmu AdkvfcsKyfBuD;tkef;jrifh? wu,fh&mxl;t&Sdeft0g BuD;rm;wJh

olawG0ifNydKifcJhw,f/rdk;nif;vdkae&mrSm tcuftcJ&Sdw,f/ uRefawmhfudkvnf; pdk;&drfMuwmaygh/ uRefawmfuawmh ,kHMunfrItjynfheJYowd&Sd&Sd0ifNydKifcJhw,f/ uRefawmf&JU vkyfaqmifcsufawGaMumifh atmifEdkifcJhjcif;jzpfygw,f/2015a&G;aumufyGJ[m NydKifqkdifrIawGu ,cifxufydkjyif;xefvmr,fvdkY arQmfvifhygw,f/rdk;nif;rSm &Srf;vlrsKd;awGuvnf;rsm;w,f/usm;jzLygwDuvnf; tajcpdkufxm;awmhusm;jzLygwD tygt0ifwjcm;ygwDawGudkb,fvdkausmfjzwfoGm;ovJ/

rdk;nif;rSm &Srf;BuD;&,f? &Srf;uav;&,fqdkNyD; &Sdygw,f/ &Srf;BuD;qdkwm &Srf;uav;qdk

wmawmhwdkif;vdkifvdkYac:wJh&Srf;eDayghh? &Srf;eDqdkwmudk pmay,Ofaus;rIoifMum;cGifh&atmifuRefawmfpNyD; BudK;pm;cJhw,f/ wm0ef,lcJhw,f/ oifwef;zGifhcsifvdkYzGifhcGifhr&cJhbl;/ tJ'Dwkef;u vrf;pOfygwD[m &Srf;eDqdk&ifEdkifiHa&;t& tjrifapmif;cJhw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u wdkif;&if;om; pmayoifMum;cGifhudk vGwfvGwfvyfvyfr&SdchJbl;/ tuefYtowfav;awG&SdcJhw,f/rdk;nif;rSm &Srf;eDwdkif;&if;om;pmayudk oifcGifh&atmifjynfcdkifNzdK;toif;u vkyfay;cJhwmyg/ jynfcdkifNzdK;rSm uRefawmftmrcHNyD;vkyfcJhw,f/ EdkifiHESifhEdkifiHom;tusKd;pD;yGm;xdcdkufrJh[mrsKd; rvkyfeJY? tcsKyftjcmtmPmxdyg;apr,fh EdkifiHa&;rsKd;rvkyfeJY pmay,Ofaus;rIwdk;wufa&;twGufbJ vkyfqdkNyD; uRefawmftmrcHay;cJhw,f/ wkdif;&if;om;ygwDqdkwmnDtpfudkawGyg/ uRefawmfvkyfwJhtcrf;tem;awGrSm EdkifiHa&;ygwDawGtm;vkH;zdwfw,f/trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfuqdkvnf; uRefawmfeJ Ycifw,f/ 'guawm h uRefawmfh& JUyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIaygh/ tJ'Dawmh EdkifiHa&;

ygwDawGrSm &efbufqdkwmr&Sdbl;/ &efolqdkwmvnf;r&Sdbl;/ NydKifbufawmhjzpfwmaygh/ uRefawmfcH,lcsufu &efoludk rdwfaqGjzpfatmifvkyfr,f/ rdwfaqGudk aqGrsKd;jzpfatmifvkyf

r,f/ aqGrsKd;udk rdom;pkjzpfatmifvkyfr,f/rdk;nif;a'orSm zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIvkyfaqmifcsufawGudkvnf; ajymygOD;cifAsm/

rkd;nif;a'o[m pdkufysKd;a&;udktajccHwJha'ojzpfw,f/'Du uav;awGu usL&SifawGvnf;rwufEdkifMubl;/ ynma&;xGef;um;wJhNrdKUvnf;jzpfygw,f/ wcsKdUqdk aq;wuokdvf&wmawmifrwufEdkifMubl;/ 1993-94 rSmb,folYnTefMum;csufrSr&SdbJeJY uRefawmfuynm&nfcRefqkay;cJhygw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u wpfbmomudk aiG3000 yJay;EdkifcJhwmyg/ av;wef;txday;cJhw,f/ tJ'Dvdkay;cJhwm 21ESpf&SdNyD/ tJ'Day;wJhydkufqHonfuRefawmfydkufqHvnf;r[kwfbl;/ ygwD&JUydkufqHvnf; r[kwf

bl;/ uRefawmfhtaygif;toif;awGaumufcHxm;wJhtvSLaiGeJY pOfqufrjywfvkyfay;cJhwmyg/

'DvdkrsKd; b,folrSrvkyfEdkifygbl;vdkYvlxkuvnf;ajymygw,f/ 'g[m t"dutcsufjzpfygw,f/[kwfuJhyg/ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI aqmif&GufykHudkvnf; ajymjyygOD;/

uRefawmfwdkY ygwDatmifEdkif&if vrf;aumif;&r,f? rD;aumif;&r,fqdkNyD; a


10/43


11/43


19

C A R T O O N

NEWS

2015 tvGefwGif vTwfawmfonfjynfolhtusKd;pD;yGm;xuf tmPm&a&;ukdom

OD;wnfvmonf[ka':nKdnKdoif;qkd


oHk;ESpfwmumvtwGif; vTwfawmf\ tajctaeukd Munfhrnfqkdygu pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;aomf

vnf; 2014 ckESpfaemufykdif;wGifvTwfawmfrsm;taejzifh jynfolvlxk\ tusKd;pD;yGm;xuf rdrdEkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;\ 2015 tvGeftmPm&a&;twGuftrsKd;rsKd;BuKd;pm;aeaomvTwfawmftaejzifh kyfvkH;ay:vmjcif;ukdawGU&onf[k &efukefwkdif;

a'oBuD;vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fa'gufwm nKdnKdoif;u Zefe0g&D10 &ufwGif a0zefajymqkdvkdufonf/

]]oHk;ESpfwm vTwfawmf&JUtajctaeukdMunfUvkduf&ifawmh awmfawmfav;pdwf0ifpm;p&mawGukdawGU

&ygw,f/ 'gayrJh uRefrwpfOD;wnf; tjrift&awmhvTwfawmf[m

2104 pufwifbmaemufykdif;uaepNyD;awmh jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf?jynfolUvTwfawmf? trsKd;om;vTwf

awmfawG[m jynfolvlxk&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;qkdwmxufrdrdEkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;&JU 2015 tvGeftmPm&a&;twGufudktrsKd;rsKd;BuKd;pm;wJhvTwfawmfawGtaeeJU ykdNyD;awmhky fvkH;ay:vmwmudkawGU&ygw,f/ 'guawmh uRefr&JU0efcHcsufjzpfygw,f/oHk;ESpfwmvTwfawmf&JU vIyf&Sm;rIawGtaeeJU 2011 Mo*kwfvuae2014

'DZifbmtxdvTwfawmf&JU vIyf&Sm;rIawGud k u Gef rav;pm;y gw, f/wefzkd;vnf; xm;ygw,f}}[kqk donf/

xkdUjyif2015 a&G;aumufyGJeD;vmonfESifhtr Q jynfolvlxkuvnf; rnfonfhygwD rJay;rnfukdtpGrf;ukefrsufpdzGifhem;pGifhaeMuNyDjzpfonf/ vTwfawmfonfjynfol

vlxk\ tusKd;pD;yGm;rsm;ukdvufawGUusus taumiftxnfazmf&efaqmif&Gufaomae&mrsm;wGif tm;enf;aeonf[k 4if;u qufvufokH;oyfonf/

]]EkdifiHwpfEkdifiHrSm vGwfvyfpGmpkHk;EkdifcGifh vGwfvyfpGm xkwfazmf

EkdifcGifh&Sdygw,f/ tJ'DvGwfvyfpGmpkHk;EkdifcGifh? vGwfvyfpGmxkwfazmfEkdifcGihfukdtpysKd;cJhwm[m 2010 a&G;aumufy GJuae ay:aygufvmwJhvTwfawmfBuD;uae jzpfygw,f/'gaMumifhrjiif;EkdifwJhtcsufuawmhvTw fawmfawG[m rw&m;aomOya'rsm;ukdy,fzsufay;wJhtykdif;rSmawmhtifrwef tm;enf;ygw,f/jynfolvlxk&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;awGukd

vufawGUusustaumiftxnfazmfzkdUtwGufvufawGUuswJhvkyfief;awG

ukdaqmif&GufwJhae&mrSmawmhtifrwef tm;enf;ygw,f/ okdUaomfjynfolUb0vkHNcKHrIukdawmh twkdif;

twmwpfcktxdvkHjcKHatmifvkyfay;EkdifcJhygw,f}}[kajymonf/

2015 a&G;aumufyGJeD;vmwJhtcsdefrSm EkdifiHa&;ygwDawGu EkdifiHa&;ygwDtvkyfawGvkyfovkdjynfolvlxkuvnf;b,fygwDukdrJay;rvJqkdwmukdapmifhMunfUzkdUtwGufolwkdU&JUem;awG? rsufpdawGukdtpGrf;ukefz Gifhxm;rSmjzp fygw,f/ 'Dvkdta&;BuD;wJhumvrSm 'DvkdyGJrsKd;awGukdpepfwusvkyfay;Ekdifr,fqkd&if

jynfolawGtwGuftifrweftusKd;&Sdygw,f/

pvHk;aejynfawmf? Zefe0g&D 21

,ckv 17 &ufaeYwGifEdkifiHawmforwu jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfokdYay;ykdYcJhonfho0PfvTmwGifyg&Sdaom ajcmufyGifhqkdifawGUqkHaqG;aEG;a&;udpudk w&m;0ifwkHYjyefoGm;rnf[k trsdKom;'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyfOu| a':atmifqef;pkMunfu ajymonf/

ajcmufyGifhqkdifawGUqHkaqG;aEG;&efwkdufwGef;jcif;onfaumif;rGefaom vkyfief;wpf&yfjzpfojzifh ,if;okdYawGYqHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk rnfuJhokdYaqmif&Gufay;apvkdonfudk jyefMum;ay;&efEkdifiHawmforwu jynf

axmifpkvTwfawmfodkY ,ckv 17 &ufu o0PfvTmay;ykdYcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ ]]tefwDwkdYbufuwkHYjyefwJhtcgus&ifawmh w&m;0ifwkHYjyefrSmyg/'Dudpw&m;0ifvkyf&wJhudpyg}} [ka':atmifqef;pkMunfu ,ckv 20 &ufu usif;yonfh vTwfawmftpnf;ta0;wGifrD'D,m;rsm;tm; ajymMum;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/

ajcmufyGifhqkdifawGUqHkaqG;aEG;a&;wGifEkdifiHawmforw? jynfolUvTwfawmfOu|? trsdK;om;vTwfawmfOu|? trsdK;om'Drkdua&pDtzGJUcsKyfOu|? wkdif;&if;om;tpktzGJYrS vTwfawmfukd,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;ESifh wyfrawmfumuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyfwkdY yg0if&rnf[k jynfaxmifpk

vTwfawmfrS twnfjyKxm;jcif;Nzpfonf/EkdifiHawmforw o0PfvTmwGifawGUqkHqG;aEG;&m acwfpepf?

tcsdeftcg tajctaeESifhnDnGwfaom zGJYpnf;yHktajccHOya' jzpfay:vma&;? tem*wfjrefrmEkdifiH wnfaqmufa&;twGuftajctaeaumif;rsm; zefwD;ay;Ekdif&efESifh jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfrS ay;ykdYvm

onfh aqG;aEG;&efacgif;pOfrsm;onf taMumif;t&mwpfckcsif;\acgif;pOfrQomNzpf&m acgif;pOfwpfckcsif;tay: xnfhoGif;aqG;aEG;vdkonfhtao;pdwftaMumif;t&mrsm;udkBudKwifavhvmEkdif&eftwGufrnfokdYvkyfaqmif&rnfukd jyefvnfay;ykdY&efvkdtyfrnfjzpfaMumif;yg&Sdonf/

ekdifiHawmforwu vTwfawmfokdhay;ykdhonfho0PfvTmwGifyg&SdonfU

ajcmufyGifUqkdifawGYqkHaqG;aEG;a&;NLDu w&m;0ifwHkhjyefrnf[kqkd

wkwfoHkH;a&SYqEazmfxkwfolrsm;onfyk'fr 505(c)jzifU NidpGef;rI r&SdaomaMumifU

tqdkygyk'fr y,fzsufay;&efw&m;kH;okdhavQmufxm;rnfrif;[def;

&efukef? Zefe0g&D21 vufyHawmif;

awmi fa'ocHrs m;tMurf;zufcH&rIESifhpyfvsOf; wkwfoHk H;a&S UwGif qEazmfxkwfcJ ho jzif hw&m;pGJqdkcHxm;&ol(7)OD;onf Edk ifi Hawmf tMunfnd KysufaprIyk'fr 505(c)ESifh NidpGef;onfhjypfrIudk usL;vGefcJhjcif;r&SdaMumif;if;wdkYbufuvdkufygaqmif&Gufonfh w&m;vTwfawmfa&SUae OD;a&mbwfpef;atmifu '*kHNrdKUe,fw&m;kH;Zefe0g&D 20 &ufkH;csdef;tNyD;wGifajymMum;onf/

wkwfoHkH;a&SU qEazmfxkwfrIwGif yg0ifaom

OD;aersKd;Zif? OD;wifxG#fydkif? OD;oef;aqG? a':aemftkef;vS?a':pef;pef;0if;ESifh a':jrEkwdkYudktmrcHr&Edkifaom yk'fr505(c)jzifh w&m;pGJqdkxm;aomaMumifh tqdkygyk'frudky,fzsufay;&efvmrnfhkH;csdefwGiftmrcHavQmufxm;oGm;rnf/tmrcHr&&Sdygu w&m;pGJqdkcH&olrsm; udk,fwdkiftpmiwfcHqEjyoGm;zG,f&Sdonf[k if;u ajymonf/

tqdkygaeYkH;csdefwGifwkwfoHkH;qEjyrI usef&Sdol ESpfOD;teufrSOD;oef;aqGu w&m;kH;wGifvma&muf

tzrf;cHcJhNyD; a':jrEkudkzrf;qD&rdjcif;r&Sdao;[kod&onf/if;w&m;pGJqdkcH&ol (7)OD;udk ausmufwHwm;?

vom? yef;bJwef;? vrf;rawmfESifh'*kHNrdKUe,f&Jpcef;wdkY

uvnf; yk'fr(18)jzifh trIzGifhxm;NyD; Zefe0g&Dv 27&ufwGif '*kHNrdKUe,fw&m;kH; xyfrHkH;xkwfppfaq;rnfjzpfonf/

tqdkygaeY eHeufydkif;wGif 'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pktzGJUu &efukefNrdKU? jynfvrf;&SdyJcl;uvyfrSwfwdkifrS'*kHNrdKUe,f? w&m;kH;txdvrf;avQmuf vufyHawmif;aMu;eDpDrHudef;azmfaqmifaom OD;ydkifESifh0rfaygifukrPDtvdkr&SdaMumif; qefYusifuefYuGufqEazmfxkwfcJhonf/

if;kH;csdefwGifw&m;pGJqdkcHxm;&ol OD;wifxG#fydkifu rEav;NrdKUrS&efukeftxdcsDwuf trsKd;om;ynma&; Oya'udk uefYuGufvsuf&Sdaom ausmif;om;oydwfwdkufyGJudk axmufcHaMumif; ausmif;om;or*tvHudk udkifajrmufNyD; if;\ oabmxm;udk jyocJhonf/


12/43


2 OPINIONE D I T O R I A LE D I T O R I A L

cifarmif&if

ukefoGm;wJh&ufaygif; 60 udk

pdkufysKd;p&dwfacs;aiGjyefqyf&mwGifyg0ifonfU

pmrsufESm 35 odkY

rGefjynfe,foxkHNrdKUe,fpcef;BuD;aus;&Gmae OD;aZmfdIif; touf42 ESpf(b)OD;acG;

rpm;onf,ckv14 &ufaeY nae 3 em&DtcsdefwGifjrefrmhv,f,mzGHUNzdK;a&;bPfcGJokdYrdk;pyg;acs;aiGusyf515750 udk tyfESHcJh&musyfwpfaomif;wef aiGpuL 21 &GufrSmtwkrsm;jzpfaeojzifh ,ckv 16 &ufwGif

pdkufysKd;p&dwfacs;aiG jyefqyfol OD;aZmfdIif;tm; oxkHNrdKUr&Jpcef;rS(y)18^2015? jrefrmEdkifiHawmfA[dkbPftufOya'yk'fr 105^106 t& trIzGifhppfaq;vsuf&SdaMumif; od&onf[laom owif;wpfyk'fzwf&onf/

awmifolv,form;wpfOD;\ bPftyfaiGwGifygvmonfh aiGpuLtwktwGuf

&Jpcef;wGiftrIzGifhumppfaq;jcif;onfOya'twkdif;vkyfonf[k qdkaomfvnf; vlYtcGifhta&;csKd;azmuf&ma&mufonf/ owif;azmfjycsuft& xdkwpfaomif;weftwk21 &GufrSm

kwfw&ufMunfhvQiftwkrSef;rodEdkifatmiftppfeD;yg; wlatmifwkxm;onfh twkrsm;jzpfonf[k,lq&ayrnf/ awmifolv,f

orm;wpfOD;utppfeD;yg;wlatmifvkyfxm;onfhaiGusyfwpfaomif;wefudkzefwD;EdkifrSmvm;pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ wpfenf;enf;jzifhtwkrSef;odvsuf&xm;cJhvQifvnf; bPfokdYtyfrnfr[kwfacs/ rodem;rvnfol tcsif;csif;Mum; vSnfhywfokH;pGJvdrfhrnf/ udk,fhudkrodEkdifonfh NrdKUay:wufNyD; okH;pGJvdrfhrnf/ NrdKUe,ftqifhwm0ef&Sdolrsm;taejzifhxdkokdYawG;ac:EdkifpGrf;r&Sdawmhbl;vm;/ jynfoltaejzifh0rf;

enf;p&maumif;vSonf/jrefrmjynfolESifh jrefrmEdkifiH tpdk;&qdk

onfrSmwpfom;wnf;uspGm acsmarGUajzmifhjzL;aeonfhqufqHa&;jzpf&rnf/ Oya'atmufwGifarwmw&m;? udk,fcsif;pmw&m;wkdYjzifh

pnf;v kH;nDnGwfpGmaex dkif&rnf/ Oya'em;vnfolrsm; Oya'abmiftwGif;rSvkyfydkifcGifh&Sdaeaolrsm;u Oya'taMumif; rodem;rvnfolrsm;tm; Oya'jzifhESdyfpufjcif;vkyf&yfrjzpf&efqifjcif&ayrnf/

tpdk;&tzGJU\ pDrHudef;trSm;rsm;? wm0ef&Sdolrsm;\ t*wdvdkufpm;rIrsm;?vufeufudkif

tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tMurf;zufajz&Sif;rIrsm;ponfh tmPm&Sifqefaom pDrHtkyfcsKyfaeolrsm;tm; wm0ef0w&m;twkdif; rvkyfaqmifrItwGuf ta&;,ljyrItydkif;rSm tm;enf;oavmufjynfolvlxktm; tkyfcsKyf&mwGifOya't&cGifhjyKxm;onfh tusKd;cHpm;cGifhtm;xnfhoGif;qifjcifrIwGifvkH;0r&Sdoavmuftm;enf;aeygonf/

txl;ojzifh jrefrmEdkifiHwGifvlOD;a&51oef; aeYpOftoufqufzdkYpm;oHk;ae&onfhqefpyg;pdkufysKd;olawGudkrSOya'ucGifhjyKxm;onfhtusKd;cHpm;cGifhtm; vspfvsLINyD; trIzGifhta&;,laewJhtpdk;&jzpfaejcif;tm; jyefvnfqifjcifokH;oyf&efwkdufwGef;vdkuf&ygonf/

wpfaomif;wefaiGpuLtwk21 &GufaMumifUtrIzGifUta&;,lwJU tpdk;& ...

uRefawmfwdkYpdk;&drfylyefwJhtwdkif;trsKd;om;ynma&;Oya'udkrlMurf;a&;qGJpOfuwnf;u oufqdkif&mudkndEdIif;aqG;aEG;zdkY tcsdefay; qefYusifuefYuGufawmif;qdk qEjycJhMuwJhausmif;om;awGu xm;wJh&uf60jynfhoGm;NyD; ajz&Sif;csufwpfpkHwpf&mr&SdcJhvdkYwpfEdkifiHvkH; ausmif;om;

oydwfudk Zefe0g&D 20 &ufaeYrSmrEav;NrdKUupNyD ; vrf;avQmufoydwfarSmufqExkwfazmfwJhudp

jzpfvmcJhygNyD/ausmif;om;awG&JU &ufaygif;

60 &mZoHu NyD;cJhwJhESpfEdk0ifbmv 17 &ufaeYu awmif;qdkcJhwmjzpfNyD;? trsKd;om;ynma&;Oya'udkjyifqifay;a&;udprSm 'Drdkua&pD

ynma&;vIyf&Sm;rIaumfrwDeJY EdkifiHa&;ynma&;pepfjyKjyifajymif;vJa&;EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m uGef&uf(NNER)

vTwfawmfeJYtpdk;&wdkY yg0ifwJhav;yGifhqdkifawGU qkHrIeJY ndEdIif;tajz&Smay;zdkYta&;qdkxm;wm jzpfw,f/ndEdIif;aq G;aEG;r,fqdk&if qEjyausmif;om;awGtaeeJY rl0g'udk;

csufudktajccHNyD; tcsuf11 csufudk aqG;aEG;tajz&SmoGm;r,fvdkYxkwfjyefcJhw,f/ 'ghtjyifynma&;rl0g'? enf;Oya'rsm;? qufpyfOya'rsm;a&;qGJ&mrSmausmif;om;ud k, fpm ;v S, f? q&m q&mrudk,fpm;vS,fawGyg0ifa&;udkvnf;awmif;qdkoGm;r,fvdkYqdkw,f/

awmif;qdkcsufawGjzpfrvmwhJtwGuftckawmhqEjyausmif;om;awGu te,fe,ft&yf&yfu&efukefNrdKUudk vrf;avQmufcsDwuf

pkkH;MuNyD; oydwfpcef;zGifhr,fvkdYqdkw,f/ tJ'Daemuft&ifuwnf;u

awmif;qdkxm;wJhtcsufawGudktpdk;&bufu awGUqkHaqG;aEG;ay;rIr&Sd

bl;qdk&ifoydwfpcef;rSm tpnf;ta0;vkyfMuzdkY&SdNyD; 'DxufydkNyD; tm;aumif;wJhqEjyyGJawGoydwfarSmufyGJawGb,fvdkqifETJr,fqdkwm qkH;jzwfvkyfudkifoGm;Mur,fvdkYqdkxm;

w,f/ tJ'Dawmh wjznf;jznf;eJYBuD;xGm;vmaewJhjyemudkb,fvdkajz&Sif;MurvJqdkwm oufqkdifwJhynma&;0efBuD;Xme? tpdk;&tzGJUeJY Oya'a&;qGJjy|mef;ay;cJhwJh jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmftwGufygacgif;cJp&mjzpfvmygawmhw,f/ rEav;

u pNyD;csDwufvmwJhqEjyausmif;om;tzGJU[m ykvdyf? ausmufqnf?jrif;NcH? yckuL? rauG;? jynf?

aygif;wvnf? a&Tawmif? om,m0wD? okH;q,f? wdkufBuD;? arSmfbDvrf;aMumif;twkdif;vm&mvrf;wpfavQmufu NrdKUBuD;awGrSm ntdyf&yf

em;&if; trsKd;om;ynma&;Oya'udkuefYuGufqEjy&wJhtaMumif;eJYywfoufwJh EdkifiHa&;a[majymyGJawGvkyfMur,fvdkY od&w,f/

jynfolawGu 'DrD;yGm;udkrD;awmufjzpfrvmcifuwnf;undEdIif;Nidrf;owfoihfw,fvdkY a0zef

axmufjyMuw,f/ tpdk;&bufuNidrf;owfzdkY rBudK;pm;cJhwJhtwGufay:aygufvmr,fhrvdkvm;tyfwJhqdk;usKd;awGwpfoDwpfwef;BuD;udkvnf;rjrifvdkMuygbl;/ owif;rD'D,morm;awGuvnf; owif;rSefawGpkpnf;NyD;jyefMum;ay;&if;u jzpfoifh

jzpfxdkufwJha0zeftBuHjyKrIawGjyKcJhMuw,f/ tJ'DtxJrSm trsm;pkuausmif;om;ausmif;olawGbufurSefuefwJhawmif;qdkcsufawGtay:tpdk;&taeeJY cGifhjyKay;oifhw,fvdkYajymMuw,f/ uRefawmfudk,fwkdifvnf;]]e,fcsJUtpdk;&uawmifcGifhjyK

cJh&wJhausmif;om;or*awGudk 'Drdkua&pDtpdk;&u ydwfyifr,fqdk&if}}qdkwJhacgif;pOfeJY'D*sme,fuyJazmfjycJhygw,f/ &nf&G,fcsufu xdk;ESufvdkjcif;r[kwf? arhavsmhaeEdkifwJhtcsufwpfckudkaxmufjyvdkwJhoabmomjzpfw,f/ orkdif;xJu AdkvfcsKyf

atmifqef; tygt0ifausmif;om;or*acgif;aqmifawGtaMumif;awGvnf;azmfjycJhw,f/tckvnf;a0zefaxmufjycsufawGay:xGufvmaewmygyJ/tJ'DtxJrSmynma&;todkuft0ef;u ygarmumcsKyf?uxdupwJhtqifhjrifht&mxrf;awGygMuw,f/'Dyk*dKvfawGu trsKd;om;ynma&;Oya'udkudk,fwkdifudkifwG,fusifhokH;Mu&r,fholawGjzpfvdkY olwdkY&JUEIwfxGufpum;u jyemwpf&yfudk

ajz&Sif;wJhae&mrSmtaxmuftuljzpfEdkifovdk? jyemudk rD;avmif&m

avyifhovdkvnf;jzpfoGm;Edkifygw,f/tckudptay: a0zefcsufawG

xJrSm ynma&;jrifhwifrI taumiftxnfazmfa&; aumfrwD em,uq&mBuD; OD;oef;OD;&JUoabmxm;udk owif;pmxJrSm zwf&w,f/q&mBuD;u ausmif;om;awGudkcsifhcsifhcsdefcsdef vkyfMuzdkY qkH;rw,f/Oya'udkjynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfutwnfjyKay;wmrdkYvdkYvTwfawmfudkoGm;awGUzdkYvrf;nTefw,f/ oludk,fwkdifvnf; ausmif;om;or*jzpfcJh

zl;ygw,fvdkYynm&SdyDopGm oabmxm;ay;wm awGU&w,f/ vGefcJhwJhZefe0g&D 12 &ufuvnf; &efukefta&SUydkif;wuokdvfu'kwd,ygarmucsKyfa'gufwma':rmvmatmifurD'D,mawGeJYawGUqkHwJhtcg rdrdwdkY[m trsKd;om;ynma&;Oya'udkvufawGUtaumiftxnfazmf&r,fholawGjzpfaMumif;? Oya'rSm uRefrtjrift& vkH;0zsuf&r,fhyk'frawG?tarSmifcsxm;wJhyk'frawG&Sdw,fvdkYajymvdkaMumif;? 'Dvdka0zefaxmufjy&wmu EdkifiHh0efxrf;wm0efaus

csifvdkY jzpfw,fvdkY &J&Jwif;wif;

a0zefcJhwmvnf; Mum;&w,f/ 'Dvdkwm0efauscsifolawG&SdayrJhtpdk;&tBudKufudkvdkufNyD;ajymcJhMuolawGvnf; trsm; BuD;ygyJ/ uav;ikdovdkatmfaer,fhtpm;vmNyD;ajym

ESajrmw,f

Photo-TT Yadanar


13/43

SPECIAL SPECIAL 2120


Social Business

(vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;)tay:t"dyg,fzGifhqdkcsuf

a':rDrDrsdK;0if;(ProgrammeCoordinator, British Council)

Social Business yJjzpfjzpfSocial EnterpriseyJjzpfjzpft"dym,f

trsKd;rsdK;zGifhMuwJYtxJrSm vlrIa&;&nfrSef;csuf&dSwJY pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;

awGudkudk,fh&JUvlYtzGJUtpnf;twGufjzpfaewJYjyemawGay:rSm tajccH

NyD;awmh vlrIpD;yGm;a&; pGefYOD;wDxGifwJholawG(Social Entrepreneur)u wnfaxmifMuwmjzpfygw,f/vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfwJholawG&JU OD;wnfcsufu olwdkUESvHk;om;xJrSm

Social Mission(vlrIa&;OD;wnfcsufawG)&dS&r,f/ 'Dvkyfief;uaetjrwfr,lbJ 0ifaiG&Sm&r,f/ tjrwfawGudk &S,f,m&SifawGudk

ray;bJ vkyfief;xJrSm jyefNyD; toHk;jyK&r,f/ dk;dk;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&Sif

awGu aiGaMu;tjrwftpGef; MunfhMuwmrsm;NyD; vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;uawmh udk,fh&JUvkyfief;u udk,fh&JUtzGJYtpnf;udkb,favmufxdtaxmuftuljyKovJqdkwmtay: rlwnfNyD;vkyfMuygw,f/

British Councilu jrefrmEdkifiHrSm 2012 ckESpfrSm vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&JUoabmw&m;awGudktrsm;jynfolodatmifvkyfay;w,f/'Dvdk

vkyfudkifaewJhae&mrSm OD;wnfcsuf

(3)ck& dSygw, f/ yxrwpf ckuTraining and Consultancytydkif;rSm jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&dSwJhtao;pm; tvwfpm;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGrSm wpfcsdKUvkyfief;awGu vlrIa&; OD;wnfcsuf&dSayr,fh wcsdKUuOD;wnfcsufr&dSwmrsdK;udktajccHpm&if;oabmw&m;eJY pD;yGm;a&;zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf tajccHx&defeif awGvkyfa y;w,f/20 14ckESpfrSm rEav;? rHk&Gm? awmifBuD;?armfvNrdKiftp&dSwJYNrdKUa wGrSm&dSwJYtao;pm;eJY tvwfpm;vkyfi ef;pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;aygif; 300 ausmfudk x&defeifay;cJYygw,f/ Con-

sultancytaeeJYjrefrmEdkifiHrSm pDrHcefYcGJrI tBuHay;awG? pD;yGm;a&;tBuHay;awG&dSayr,fhvlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;eJYywfoufwJYtBuHay;awGr&dSao;ygbl;/ 'gaMumifhvli,fawGxJuae vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;tBuHay;awGarG;xkwfwJhtpDtpOf

udk,laurSm&dSwJY ygwem tzGJYtpnf;awGeJYyl;aygif;NyD; aqmif&GufcJhwm tckqdk(12) a,mufarG; xkwfcJhNyD; olwdkYawGu vlrIpD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;awGtwGuftBuHay;aqG;aEG;wmawG? vdktyfcsufawG? oHk;oyf

csufawGa&;ay;ygw,f/ 'DESpfrSmvnf; qufNyD;vkyfoGm;r,fh tpDtpOf&dSwmaMumifh BC&JU WebsiterSm aMumfjimrSmjzpfygw,f/ Policy

and Researchtydkif;rSm tpdk;&udkay:vpDjyifqifay;wJhae&mrSm vkyfudkifay;ovdk jrefrmEdkifiHrS m&dSwJhvlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGtaMumif;udkokawoe jyKxm;wJhSocial En-

terprise Landscape in Myanmar

taMumif;udk BC &JU Skills ForSocial EntrepreneurqdkwJY ydk

*&rfWebsiterSm tcrJh Down-loadqGJvdkY&ygw,f/ aemufwpfck

u Access to FinancerSm vlrIpD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;vkyfudkifaewJYolawGaiGaMu;&&dS EdkifzdkYtcGifhtvrf;

awGtwGufaqmif&Gufay;ygw,f/'Dvkyfief;rpcifjrefrmEdkifiHrSmSo-cial Enterprise Eco System

wpfckvkyfzdkYvdktyfygw,f/ 'grSaemufydkif; tjynfjynfqdkif&mrSm&dSwJYvlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;twGuf&if;ESD;jrKyfESHolawGpdwf0ifpm;vmNyD; 'DrSm&dSwJhvlrIpD;yGm;vkyfief;awGrSm &if;ESD;jrKyfESHvmrSmjzpfygw,f/wkwfEdkifiH

rSm&dSwJhBCrSm Social InvestmentPlatformwpfck&dSNyD; wkwfEdkifiHrSm&dS

wJhvlrIpD;yGm;vkyfief;twGuf&if;ESD;jrKyfESHr,fholawGeJYpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;

vkyfudkifwJholawGudkcsdwfqufay;ygw,f/ 'DvdkrsKd;udkjrefrmEdkifiHrSm odyfrMumcifay:vmzdkYvkyfaeygw,f/

pdefac:rIqdk&ifawmh'Dydk*&rfawG[m wpfurmvHk;rSmvkyfaewJYydk*&rfawGjzpfNyD; jrefrmEdkifiHrSm&dSwJhvlrIpD ;yGm;a &;vkyfi ef;orm ;awGtwGufx&defeifvkyfay;wJhtzGJYtpnf;r&dSwJYtwGuftajccHuae p

NyD; vkyfae&ovdkygyJ/ vlrIpD;yGm;a&;tBuHay;awG arG;xkwfay;&wm?tajccHpD;yGm;a&;oabmw&m;awGoifay;&w,f/NGObufuaevlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;tjzpfaxmifcsifwJholawGudk tajccHpD;yGm;a&;oabmxm;awGoifMum;ay;&awmh

tcsdef,l&ygw,f/ vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGtwGufvdktyfwJhuRrf;usifrIawG? pD;yGm;a&;vkyfcsifayr,fhyifrpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;xJu vkyfief;awGeJYNydKifzdkY Business Plan, Mar-

keting planr&dSwmawG? enf;ynmvdktyfcsufawG? vkyfief;wdk;csJUzdkYt&if;tESD;r&dSwmawG&dSw,f/tjynfjynfqdkif&m &if;ESD;jrKyfESHr,fholbuf

u Munfh&ifvnf; &if;ESD;jrKyfESH&r,fhydkufqHtjyifvkyfief;wdk;wufatmifvkyf&r,fhukefusp&dwfawGu rsm;wJhtwGuf&if;ESD;&r,fhyrmP rsm;jym;wmawGu twm;tqD;awGyJjzpf

ygw,f/vlrIpD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;vkyfaewJh

olawGxJrSm udk,fvkyfaewJh vkyf

ief;udkvlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;jzpfrSef;odNyD;oGm;aewJholawG&dSovdkrodwJholawGvnf;&dSw,f/NGOawGxJuvlrIpD;y Gm;vkyf r,fholawG &dSovdktao;pm;eJ Ytvwfpm;p D;yGm;a& ;vkyfief;awGbufuvnf; vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;udk odvm&ifvlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;tBuD;BuD; ay:aygufvmr,fhtcsdef&dSygw,f/tm;vHk;xufta&;BuD;wmu tpdk;&&JUyhHydk;rIygyJ/vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&SifawGtwGuftcGefeJYywfoufwm rsdK;yJjz pfjzpf ?

ay:vpDwpfckckxm;Edkifr,fqdk&ifvlrIpD;yGm;vkyfief;awGzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufzdkYtvm;tvmaumif;awGjzpfygw,f/

U Sai Woone Seng

(Operation Director, Proximity

Designs)

vlrIpD ;yGm;a &;vkyfi ef;rSm upD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;vkyfaewm jzpfwmaMumifhwpfzufowfqdkwm r&dSbl;/ tjyeftvSef&dSzdkYvdkw,f/aps;uGuf&JUvdktyfrIudk jznfhqnf;ay;w,f/vlrIa&;eJYywf0ef;usifvdktyfcsufudk jznfhqnf;ay;wJYtzGJUvdkYt"dyg,fzGifhqdkvdkY&ygw,f/

Proximity Designs&JU t"du&nf&G,fcsufu vlrIpD;yGm;a&;

vkyfief;&JU &nf&G,fcsufawGxJrSmusef;rma&; ? pD;yGm;a&; ? vlrIa&;&dSwJYtxJrSm pD;yGm;a&;udka&G;xm;

w,f/ pD;yGm ;a&;rSm vlwpfOD ;wpfa,mufcsif;pD&JU 0ifaiGwdk;jrifhzdkYudkOD;wnfw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSm t

rsm;pku aus;vufa'oawGrSmaexdkfifwJYtwGufolwdkY&JU0ifaiGwdk;wwfvmwJhtcg usefwJhusef;rma&;eJYynma&;udkajz &Sif;vdkY&r,fqdkwJ hoDtdk&DeJY vkyfcJhygw,f/'DvdkvkyfwJhtcg u@BuD;av;ckeJYvkyfcJhygw,f/ yxrwpfcku pdkufysdK;a&;EdkifiHjzpfwJhtwGuf awmifolawG

vdktyfwJh a&oGif;ud&d,mawGudkxkwfvkyfjzefYcsdcJhygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYroGif;cifoHk;aewJh armif;wyfa&oGif;ud&d,m[mtD*spfrSm bDpD

100 avmufuwnf;uoHk; vmwmyg/ 'DawmhuRefawmfwdkYu vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;&JUxHk;pHtwdkif; wDxGifzefwD;wmudkOD;pm;ay;NyD; vufeJYEdSyf&wJhwkefuifxuf xda&mufrI

vnf;&dS? usef;rma&;twGufvnf;aumif;wJhajceif;a&wkefuifeJY p

cJhw,f/ 2004 rSmpwDxG ifNyD;aemufydkif;tqifhqifhajymif;vJvmwmudktar&du u ''Stanford Uni-

versity'' Design School &JU tultnDudk ,lygw,f/ p&dwfoufoufomomeJY aemufqHk;ay:'DZdkif;eJYypnf;ud&d,mawGudktajccH vlwef;pm;awGudkay;vdkY&w,fqdkwJYyHkpH

qnf;ay;wJYtwGuf jrefrmEdki fiHtao;pm; aiGacs;O ya't& 2'or 5 &mcdkifEIef; tjrwf,lNyD;aiGacs;wJhvkyfief;vkyfygw,f/ udk,fwdkifvlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief; vkyfudkifr,fholawGudktBuHay ;csifwmuudk,fh&JYOD;wnfcs ufudk &Sif;vif;

jywfom;aezdkYvdkygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkYqdkawmifolawG&JU 0ifaiGwdk;jrifhrIudkOD;wnfwJhtwGufausmif;aqmufay;ygwdkY? a&oefYvkyfay;ygqdkrvkyfay;Edkifygbl;/ uRefawmfwdkYu0ifaiGwdk;wufwJhpdkufysdK;a&; bufudkyJt"duOD;pm;ay;wmjzpfvdkYyg/

pdefac:rIawGrSm yxrqHk;uaps;uGufpdefac:rIyg/ armif;wyfuae ajceif;wyfwkefuifvkyfwJhtcgaus;vufrSm vkyfom;awGr&dSbJ&Sm;yg;wJhtjyifaeYpm;p&dwfuvnf;BuD;awmh w&kwfuxkwfwJhaps;vnf;oufomwJha&pkyfpufawG0ifa&mufvmwmu pdefa c:rI ygyJ/ tck

Stanfordu DSeJYyl;aygif;NyD; aea&mifjcnfoHk;a&pkyfpufawGwDxGifzdkYBudK;pm;aeygw,f/ aemufwpfckutzGJYtpnf;xJrSm&d SwJhpdefac:rIyg/pD;yGm;a&;twdkif;yJvky fr,fqdkN yD;ta&mif;orm;awGudkypnf;wpfvHk;a&mif;xGuf&ifukefusp&dwfb,favmufukefovJqdkwmeJYwdkif;wmawmh ta&mif;orm;awGu wpfa,mufwnf;u trsm;BuD;0,f&ifaumif;rSmqdkNyD; awmifolBuD;awG?ukrPDBu D;awGoGm;a &mif;w,f /

'Dawmht&if;twdkif;a&mif;wJh wpfcgwpfav tHI;cHNyD;a&mif;wJh? tvSL&SifawGqDuaxmufyhHxm;wJhypnf;

awGjzpfwJhtwGuf vlrIa&;tusdK;(Social Impact) r&dSa wmhbl; /'Dawmhta&mif;orm;awGudk wpfa,mufcsif; ta&mif;jynfhrDatmifvkyfovdk wpfa,mufwnf;u trsm;BuD;0,f &ifvnf; ra&mif;zd kY

Social ImpacteJY nDrQatmifjyefvkyf&w,f/ aemufwpfcku udk,fwdkif pdefac :rIBu HKae&wm ygyJ/tvkyfrSmpdwfzdpD;rIrsm;vm&ifbmvkyf&rvJudk,fhudk,fudk,fjyefpOf;pm;w,f/ udk,fh&JUOD;wnfcsufudkjyefpOf;pm;NyD; awmifolawGudktusdK;jyKcsifwJh? olwdkYtdyfrufawGtaumif

txnfazmfapcsifwmawGudk jyefawG;&w,f/

t"duu tao;pm;eJYtvwfpm;pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;awGbufuvlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;wpfckudkvkyfjy

EdkifcJh&ifatmifjrifrSmygyJ/tpydkif;rSmawmh cufcJrSmygyJ/&IyfaxG;wJht&mawGvlrIa&;? ywf0ef;usifta&;awGudkpD;yGm;a&;enf;eJYyJajz&Sif;&rSmqdkawmh British CouncilvdkrsdK;ulnDay;r,f holawGvnf;& dSawmhtao;pm;eJ Ytvwfpm;pD ;yGm;a& ;

vkyfief;&SifawGvnf; vlrIpD;yGm; vkyfief;tjzpfvkyfudkifoGm;&if ae&mwpfcka&mufvmr,fvdkYjrifygw,f/

Dr. Han Win Htat

(Marketing Director, PSI)

vlrIpD;yGm;a&;wpfckwnf;ajymwmxuf vlYtzGJ Ytpnf;twGuftusdK;&dSapwJY &nfrSef;csufawGeJYvkyfay;wmudk vlrIa&;vk yfief;awGvdkYajymvdkY&ygw,f/vlrIa&;vkyfief;awGrSm NGOeJU tpdk;&ydkif;uvkyfay;wmu tcrJh jzpfNyD; uRefawmfwdkU PSIvdk Social Market-

ing Organization(vlrItusdK;jyKta&mif;jrifhwifa&;tzGJYtpnf;) awGu usef;rma&;eJYvlrIa&;jyemawGudk Private Sector awGrSmaps;uGufeJYywfoufwJhtawG;tac:?t,ltqawG? enf;vr f;awG eJYvlrIa&;j yemawGud k ajz&Si f;ay;w,f/ vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGu t&if;awGumrd&iftjrwfawGudkwjcm;ae&mrSm jyefoHk;wm&dSovdk wjcm;enf;wpfcku tjrwf

a0pkudk CSRvdk Yac:wJh vlrItusdK;jyKvkyfief;awGjyefNyD;vkyfay;

wmvnf;&dSygw,f/Social Marketingudk 1965rSm pwifoHk;pGJcJhNyD; wu,fpwmuawmh 1968 ckESpfrSm tdEd,rSmrsdK;qufyGm;usef;rma&;eJYywfowfNyD;pwifvkyfcJhw,f/Social Market-

ingudktpdk;&?NGOawGeJYPri-vate Sector awGrSmoH k ;w,f/

vlawGudktrltusifhajymif;vJatmif?usef;rma&;eJYywfoufwJht,ltqawGajymif ;vJwmjzp fygw,f/ Social

Marketing[mdk;dk;rm;uufwif;awGvdkyJ Product, Price, Place,

PromotioneJY vlawG&JUtjyKtrludkajymif;vJzdkY toHk;csygw,f/PSIuawmh 0g&Sifwef'DpDrSmtajccHwJh

INGOjzpfNyD; jrefrmEdkifiHrSm 1995ckESpfrSm pwifcJhygw,f/ ppcsif;rSmrD;zdka&mif;ovdk tdkiftdk'if;qm;awGjzefYcsdw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm uGef'Hku

aps;uGufr&dSao;ovdktvum;ay;&ifawmifr,lawmht&ifqHk;aps;uGuf

udk pwifwJhtcg t"du OD;wnfwJh

olawGudk em;vnfatmifavhvmNyD;olwdkYvufxJa&mufatmifjzefYw,f/tck tESpf20 twGif; uGef'Hkoef;(350) rS (400) Mum;jzefYa0ay;cJhw,f/ aemufydkif; jynfholY usef;rma&;eJYywfoufNyD; iSufzsm;eJY ywfoufwJh aq;pdrfj cifaxmifawG?om;qufjcm;aq;awGa&mif;ygw,f/aps;uGufuBuD;vmwJYtcgSocial

Franchisingqufvkyfygw,f/zGHUNzdK;qJEdkifiHtrsm;pkrSm vltrsm;pkuusef;rma&;twGuf90 &mcdkifEIef;udkoHk;NyD; usefwJh 10 &mcdkifEIef;udktpdk;&eJYNGOawGuay;w,f/'gaMumifhaq;cef;awGeJYyk*vduusef;rma&; q&m0efawG? &GmawGrSm&dSwJhusef;rma&;0efxrf;awGeJY networkcsJUw,f/olwdkYudktmrcHcsuftjyifvdktyfwJh usef;rma&;eJYywfoufwJhtodynmawG? ypnf;awGay;NyD;ypnf;&JUt&nftaoG;udkvnf;xdef;ygw,f/HIVtwGufwpfzufrSmuGef'Hka&mif;ovdkwpfzufrSm ARTaq;ay;ygw,f/ iSufzsm;udk aoG;ppfwm? aq;ukay;wmvkyfovdkwDbDqd kvnf; aq;uk oay;ygw,f/tckqdkMarketing network

uNrdKUe,faygif; (300) rSm vufvDta&mif; wpfaomif;&dSNyD; usef;rma&;qdkif&m ypnf;awGjzefYygw,f/wjcm;EdkifiHawGavmuf NetworkrSmq&m0efta&twGufrrsm;ayr,fhwpfESpfrSm usef;rma&;0efaqmifrIoHk;oef;cGJavmuf&dSygw,f/

PSItaeeJ Yuawmh NGOjzpfwJhtwGuf a&&SnfwnfwhhHzdkY

twGufu uRefawmfwdk YtwGufpdefac:rIygyJ/ Pure NGOeJYtpdk;&uay;aewmu tcrJY0efaqmifrIyg/'Dawmh'Dypnf;awGu tqif;&JqHk;olawGqDudkoGm ;&r,f/ wu,fhvufawGYrSmu tJ'DvdkjzpfcsifrSjzpfaer,f /uRe fawmf wdkYuusawm hwcsdKUypnf;awGudk tcrJYay;w,f/wcsdKUawGudkt&if;twdkif;ay;w,f/tjrwfwifa&mif;wJhtcg tjrwfu&vmwJhydkufqHu tcrJhay;xm;wmawGudkumAmay;Edkif&ifa&&SnfwnfwhHrSm jzpfygw,f /uRefa wmf

wdkUvdk aps;avQmha&mif;aewJholawG

qDrSm ydkufqHtenf;i,f&dSwJholawGu 0,foHk;E dkif&r,f/ wu,fydkufqH&dSwJholawGuawmh tcrJhay;wmvnf;r,l? uRefawmfwdkYqDuvnf;r,lbJ Commercialypnf;awGudk 0,foHk;oifhw,f/ 'gayrJhvnf; aps;uGufxJrSm owif;rSef&zdkYu cufcJygw,f/

NGOyJjzpfjzpf Private Sec-toryJjzpfjzpfvlrIpD;yGm; a&;vkyfief;

awGvkyfr,fqdk&if&if;ESD;jrKyfESH&ygr,f/ pD;yGm;a&;vkyfwJhtcg trsm;tm;jzifh tajccHvlwef;pm;awGudkcsef

xm;w,f/ 'gaMumifhtajccHvlwef;pm;awGudkOD;wnfxm;wJhvlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awG? ydk*&rfawGrsm;rsm;vkyfoifhw,f/ tpdk;&bufuOya'awG? pmcsKyfawGudk'DxufydkNyD;aumif;aumif;rGefrGefvkyfay;Edkif&ifydkNyD;wdk;wufvmr,fvdkYjrifygw,f/

a':jrwfjrwfol(Senior GeneralManager - Ayeyarwady Bank)

bPftaeeJYuawmh vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vdkYwpfckvHk;ajymvdkYr&ygbl;/udk,fh&JUtjrwfudkvHk;0r,lbJvkyfzdkYu bPftae eJY ajymv dkYr&bJ

vlrIa&;jyemawGudkwpfaxmifhwpfae&muae b,fvdkjyef jznfhqnf;&rvJqdkNyD; owfrSwffxm;umwwfEdkiforQ tajctaeeJYvkyfay;ygw,f/vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;vkyfaewJholawGeJY wGJzufNyD; b,fvdkoGm;vdkY&rvJqdkwm? {&m0wDazmifa';&Sif;eJYwGJNyD; vlrIa&;jyemawGudk

b,fvdkjyefvkyf&rvJqdkwmeJYywfoufjyD; vkyfaqmifaeygw,f/

{&m0wDbPftaeeJY 2012ckESpfMo*kwfrSm UN &JU Global

CompacttzGJ Y0ifxJ0ifcJ hw,f/'DtzGJYxJ0ifNyD;aemufydkif; vlrItusKd;jyKvkyfief;awG(Corporate SocialResponsibility -CSR)udkydkjyD;vkyf

cJhw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiHrSmjzpfaewJhtvkyfvufrJhjzpfyGm;rIEIef;udkavQmYcszdkYtw Guf b,fvdk vkyfvd kY&rvJqdkwmudkbPfcGJawGzGifhvSpfwJhae&mwdkif;rSm zefwD;cJhw,f/ tckqdk0efxrf;aygif;av;axmifausmf&dSygNyD/

NyD;&if0efxrf;awG&JU vkyfudkif&nfawG

zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufatmifvkyfay;w,f/0efxrf;awGtwGufoifwef;ausmif;ESpfckvnf;&dSygw,f/ aemufwpfcku

{&m0wDazmifa';&Sif;eJYwGJNyD; ausmif;awGaqmufaeovdkynmoifEdkifzdkYvnf;vkyfay;ygw,f/ NyD;&if vlwdkif;tvkyfvkyfEdkifwJhtcGifhta&;&dSwJYtwGufb,fvdkt&nftcsif;?

b,fvdktouft&G,fqd kwJh uefYowfcsufawGr&dSbJ tvkyfawGzefwD;ay;EdkifcJhygw,f/

bPf&JU0efaqmifrIawGudkjynfolvlxku rsm;rsm;toHk;jyKEdkif&ifpD;yGm;a&;zGHYNzdK;wdk;wufovdkvlrIa&;jyemawGudkvnf; jyefNyD;yhHydk;ay;EdkifrSmyg/ t&ifuawmh vrf;yef;

qufoG,fa&;rSmvdktyfcsufawG&dSwmaMumifh vkyfcsifoavmufvkyfvdkYr&cJhbl;/ tckqdkrdkbdkif;enf; ynmawGvnf ;rsm; jym;v mwJhtw Gufrdkbdkif;bPfpepfawGvkyfvmEdkifygNyD/aemufwpfcku vlrItusdK;jyKvkyfief;yJjzpfjzpf? vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;yJjzpfjzpfjrefrmEdkifiHrSm tckrSpOf;pm;rdvmMuw,f/ t&ifuvkyfvmayr,fh a&&SnfwnfwhHrIr&dSbl;/'gaMumifha&&SnfwnfwHYatmifb,f

vdkvkyfrvJqdkwmtcsufudkowdxm;NyD;jyeftoHk;cszdkYvdkygw,f/aemufwpfckuawmhHRwdkif;BuHKawGU&wJYpDrHcefYcGJrIeJY udk,fh&JU0efxrf;awGMum;xJrSm ukd,fh0efxrf;bufuaecsifayr,fh pDrHcefYcGJrIbufuae Munfh&wmawG&dSawmhHRwdkif;BuHKawGY&wJY

pdefac:rIvdkYjrifygw,f/vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;rSm ta&;

BuD;wmu udk,fhvkyfief;&JU &nf&G,fcsufawGrSm b,ft&mudk t"duajz&Sif;rvJqdkwmaoao csmcsmodzdkYt a&;Bu D;w,f/ 'kwd,t aeeJYtpdk;&&JUaxmufyHhrIvdktyfygw,f/vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awG&yfwnfEdkifzdkYtpdk;&uyHhydk;rIudk csjy&ifw

u,fvkyfaewJhvkyfief;&SifawGuvnf;xyfNyD;yhHydk;ay;&ifvlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGrsm ;jym;vmrSmyg/vlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awGrsm;jym;vmwJhtcg vlrIa&;jyemawGudkvnf;ydkNyD;ajz&Sif;EdkifrSmyg/

tajccHvlwef;pm;awGudk OD;wnfxm;wJUvlrIpD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;awG? rsm;rsm;vkyfoifU w,f

Hub Myanmar Company LimitedrSBuD;rSL;usif;yaomBetter Future Better MyanmarpD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m tcrJha[majymyGJrsm;\ yxrqHk;a[majymyGJudk &efukefNrdKU? '*HkNrdKUe,f? NrdKUrausmif;vrf;&SdtrsdK;om;uZmwfHkwGifZefe0g&D10 &ufujyKvkyfcJhonf/xdkyGJwGifa'gufwmatmifxGef;oufu OD;aqmifNyD; a':rDrDrsdK;0if;

(Programme Coordinator, British Council)?U Sai Woone Seng (Operation Director, Proximity Designs) ,

Dr. Han Win Htat (Marketing Director, PSI)ESifha':arjrwfol (Senior General Manager - Ayeyarwady Bank)rS

vlrIpD;yGm;a&;taMumif;t"dym,fzGifhqdkcsuf? vuf&dSvkyfudkifaeaomvlrIpD;yGm;ESifhywfoufonfhvkyfief;rsm;taMumif;?

BuHKawGY&aom tcuftcJrsm;udk aqG;aEG;cJhMuonfrsm;udkjyefvnfazmfjyay;vdkufygonf/


eJY wnfaxmifxm;wJhDStzGJYutultnDawG&ygw,f/ ypnf; awGa&mif;wJhtcg tjrwfr,lbJxkwfvkyfrIukefusp&dwfyJ ,lcJhw,f/aemufpyg;pdkufawmifolawGBuHK&wJhjyemawGudk ajz&Sif;ay;wJh

awmifolynmay; tzGJYrSmawmhaps;EIef;vHk;0r,lygbl;/ aemufwpfcsuf

u rD;tvif;&&dSa&;twGufvQyfppfrD;r&dSwJYae&mawGrSm qdkvmjym;awGudk EdkifiHjcm;u wifoGif;NyD; a&mif;csw,f/ aemufqHk; wpfcku Acces

to FinancetwGufawmifolawGtwGufvdktyfwJhaiGaMu;udk jznfh

vlrIpD;yGm;a&;wpfckwnf;ajymwmxuf

vlYtzGJYtpnf;twGuftusdK;&dSapwJU

&nfrSef;csufawGeJhvkyfay;wmudk

vlrIa&;vkyfief;awGvdkh

ajymvdkh&ygw,f/

pkpk


14/43


22 NEWS

'gkdufwm rif;tkyfpkd;vlowfrI azazmf0g&D4 &uf? taemufykdif;ckdifw&m;kH;wGifpwifMum;emppfaq;rnfjzLjzLcdkif

&efukef? Zefe0g&D 21

okyfaqmif'gkduf

Documents

The Street View Journal Vol-4,No-4.pdf