The Stem, The Root and The Leaf The Stem, The Root and The Leaf
2012_2013
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The Stem Function of Stem : 1. Stems support photosynthetic
leaves and reproductive structures, thus increasing photosynthetic
and reproductive efficiency. 2. Stems supply water and minerals to
shoots.
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The Dicotolydonous Stem (Dicot stem) Component of dicot stem :
1. Epidermis, ground tissue (paranchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchuma,
cortex, pith), vascular tissue (xylem, phloem ). 2. Protoxylem
vessels : 2. Protoxylem vessels : are the smallest vessels, their
typical location is towards the pith. 3. Metaxylem vessels: 3.
Metaxylem vessels: are the larger vessels, their typical location
is towards the cortex. 4. Fascicular cambium : 4. Fascicular
cambium : is the area between the primary xylem and phloem. 5.
Organization of bundle.
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The Dicotolydonous Stem (Dicot stem)
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The Monocot Stem Component of monocot stem : 1. Epidermis,
ground tissue (paranchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchuma), vascular
tissue (xylem, phloem ). 2. Random arrangement of the vascular
bundles, and its surrounding by sclerenchyma. 3. Not have secondary
growth. 4. Xylem the same of V. 5. No have cortex and pith. 6. No
have cambium layer.
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The Monocot Stem
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The Monocot Root 1. A count of metaxylem if this above 8 its
monocot root. 2. The roots of monocots are organized into a cortex,
with primary xylem and primary phloem in central pith. 3. Not have
secondary growth, because absent of cambium. 4. The area of pith
are largest, and the phloem is combination with protoxylem. 5.
Thicker from one side and have Casparian.
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The Dicot Root 45 1. Number of vascular bundle from 4 to 5
only. 2. Have secondary growth and cambium its present. 3. Not have
pith. 4. Phloem arrangement with xylem arm to formation vascular
bundle. 5. Thicker form all side. 6. Have passage cell.
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The Monocot Leaf 1. The vascular bundle its spread in the leaf.
2. Not differentiation of Mesophyll. 3. Distribution of Stomata its
equal in the upper and lower of leaf. 4. Vascular bundles are
enclosed by scalarenchyma. 5. Stomata are damples shape. 6. Have
buliform cells. 7. Xylem are V shape. 8. venation in the leaf blade
: Parallel venation.
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The Dicot Leaf 1. Stomata are distribution in lower more than
in upper. 2. Stomata are kidney shape. 3. Have not buliform cell in
upper epidermis. PalisadeSpongy 4. Mesophyll is homogenus and are
distinguished between Palisade and Spongy paranchyma. 5. Vascular
bundles are large and central and phloem is toward the lower
epidermis.
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6. The collenchyma present in upper and lower. 7. Waxy layer in
upper epidermis are thicker. 8. Waxy layer in lower epidermis are
thinner, because have stomata. 9. Have not scolarenchyma. 10.
Venation in the leaf blade : Network venation.
