The State - pknock.compknock.com/The State.pdf · Direct Democracy Government in which all cizens have equal power in decision making. 1. Every ci@zen has equal power in maers of

The State Popula'onAstatemusthavepeople,thenumberofwhichdoesnotdirectlyrelatetoitsexistence.

TerritoryAstatemustbecomprisedofland—territorywithknownandrecognizedboundaries.

SovereigntyEverystateissovereign.Ithassupremeandabsolutepowerwithinitsownterritoryanddecidesitsownforeignanddomes@cpolicies.

GovernmentEverystatehasagovernment—thatis,itispoli@callyorganized.

Par@sanDifferencesoverImmigra@on

Origins of the State The Force Theory •  The force theory states that one person or a small group took control of an area and forced all within it to submit to that person’s or group’s rule.

The Evolutionary Theory •  The evolutionary theory argues that the state evolved

naturally out of the early family. The Divine Right Theory •  The theory of divine right holds that God created the

state and that God gives those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule.

The Social Contract Theory •  The social contract theory argues that the state arose out

of a voluntary act of free people.

What Is Government? Governmentistheins'tu'onthroughwhichasocietymakesandenforcesitspublicpolicies.

PublicPoliciesarethethingsthattheGovernmentdecidestodo.Examplesaretaxa'on,defense,educa'on,etc.

Three Basic Powers of Government

Legisla'veThepowertomakelawandtoframepublicpolicies.Execu'vePowerthepowertoexecute,enforce,andadministerthelaws.

Judicialthepowertointerpretlaws,todeterminetheirmeaningandtoseCledisputesthatarisewithinthesociety.

Defining Governmental Powers Cons'tu'onsArethebodyoffundamentallawsseFngouttheprinciples,structuresandprocessesofagovernment.

Mostbutnotallcountrieshaveacons'tu'onforthispurpose.

Preamble of the Constitution of the United States: “We the People of the United States, in Order to: 1. form a more perfect Union, 2. establish Justice, 3. insure domestic Tranquility, 4. provide for the common defense, 5. promote the general Welfare, and 6. secure the Blessings of Liberty

to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

The 4 Types of

Governments

Dictatorship/AutocracyOne-personrule.Rulerhastotalcontrol.Absolutemonarchsarealsodictatorships.

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

1.Peoplemaybeunitedintheirloyaltytoadictatorsincethereisnocompe@@onfortrustandaffec@on.

2.Inanemergency,[email protected]@meislostindebateordiscussion.

1.PeopleareaffordedliFleornoindividualliberty.Civilrightsaretrampledon.

2.Adictator’spoliciessuithis/herownneeds.Needsofthepeoplemaybeneglected.

3.Decisionmakinghasanarrowbase-canbeflawed,wrong,dangerous,andnotfullysupportedbythepeople.


Oligarchy Formofgovernmentinwhichthepowerisinthehandsofafewpersonsorsmallgroup(whohavethecombinedpowerofadictator.)

1.Decisionscanbemaderela@velyquickly.2.Mayprovideexpertleadershipwhileavoidingthedangerofone-personrule.3.Intheory,theyarethemosteducatedmembersofsociety.4.Membersoftheoligarchylistentoeachother-theyworktogethertorule.

SameasDictatorship

(Needsandwantsofthepeoplearenotnecessarilyconsidered.)


DirectDemocracyGovernmentinwhichallci'zenshaveequalpowerindecisionmaking.

[email protected]@zenisinvolvedinthedecisionmaking.

2.Sinceallci@zensareinvolvedindecisionmaking,thereisabroadbaseofsupportandloyalty.

3.Individualliber@esareprotected.

1.Onlyworkswhenasmallnumberofpeopleareinvolved.Abilitytogatherallci@zensinoneplaceisnecessary.

2.Decisionmakinginvolvingallci@[email protected]@zensgivein-put,debate,etc...


Representa've(Indirect) Democracy(Republic)Governmentinwhichpeopleelectrepresenta'veswhoholdthedecisionmakingpower.

1.Ci@zensareinvolvedindecisionmakingthroughtheirrepresenta@ves,lobbying,[email protected]@vesareawaretheirjobdependsonmee@ngtheneedsoftheircons@tuents.

3.Morelikelythatallelementsofthepopula@onarerepresented.

[email protected]@vestopleaseeveryonemaycripplesystem.

2.Representa@vesmaynotalwaysagreewiththosetheyrepresent.

3.Lackofinvolvedci@zenrymayallowspecialinterestgroupstoinfluenceordominaterepresenta@ves.

•  TheMeaningandSymbolismofDemocracy– OriginatedwiththeGreeks– Demos=commonpeople,Kratos=power– Greeksfeareddemocracy

•  Demagogue-commonpeople,leader

– Twoschoolsofthoughttoday:•  Democracyisaformofgovernment•  Democracyisaproceduralapproach

Thetheoryofdemocra@cgovernment

•  TheProceduralViewofDemocracy– Universalpar@cipa@on

• Whoshouldpar@cipateindecisionmaking?

– Poli@calequality•  Howmuchshouldeachpar@cipant’svotecount?

– Majorityrule•  Howmanyvotesareneededtoreachadecision?


•  TheSubstan@veViewofDemocracy– Focusesonsubstance,notprocedures– BasedonBillofRightsandamendments

•  Governmentshouldguaranteecivilliber@esandcivilrights

•  Disagreementamongtheoristsoversocialrights–  Conserva@veshavenarrowview–  Liberalshavebroaderview


Healthcare:government’sresponsibility?

•  TheMajoritarianModelofDemocracy– Governmentbymajorityofthepeople– Popularelec@onofgovernmentofficials– Elec@onsdecidegovernmentpolicies

•  Referendum•  Ini@a@ve•  Recall

– Cri@cs:Americansnotknowledgeableenough– Defenders:Americanshavecoherentopinions

Copyright©2016CengageLearning.Allrightsreserved. 17

Ins@tu@onalmodelsofdemocracy

•  TheMajoritarianModelVersusthePluralistModel– Majoritarian

•  Masspubliccontrolsgovernment•  Reliesonmajorityrule•  Cohesivepoli@calpar@es•  Centralizedgovernment



•  TheMajoritarianModelVersusthePluralistModel– Pluralist

•  Reliesoninterestsofspecializedgroups•  Limitsmajorityac@on•  Decentralizedgovernment



•  AnUndemocra@cModel:EliteTheory– Asmallgroupmakesmostimportantdecisions

•  Governmentcontrolledbywealthy;businessconnec@ons

•  Controlkeyfinancial,communica@ons,industrial,governmentins@tu@ons

• WouldcallU.S.anoligarchy•  Difficulttotestvalidityoftheory



•  TwoModelsofDemocra@cGovernment– Majoritarian:representa@vegovernment

•  Nogovernmentachievesresponsivenessdemanded

– Pluralist:respondtominorityinterests•  Nogovernmentoffersequalaccesstoallcompe@nggroups

– Noconsensusonwhichispreferable


Theglobalchallengeofdemocra@za@on

•  EstablishingDemocracies– Governmentsmeetsomecriteriabutnotothers– Slightdeclineindemocraciesinrecentyears– Democra@za@onadifficultprocess

•  TheArabSpring–didnotleadtodemocracy•  Ethnicandreligiousconflicts•  VulnerabletoaFackbyopponents•  Na@onsneeddemocra@za@ontosucceedeconomically


Theglobalchallengeofdemocra@za@on

Classification by: NB p. 12 Geographic Distribution of Power

Unitary Government •  all powers held by a

single, central agency.

Classification by: Geographic Distribution of Power

Confederate Government

•  an alliance of independent states.

Classification by: Geographic Distribution of Power

Federal Government •  A federal government is one in which the

powers of government are divided between a central government and several local governments.

•  An authority superior to both the central and local governments makes this division of power on a geographic basis.

Classifica'onbytheRela'onshipbetweentheExecu'veandLegisla'veBranches

Documents

The State - pknock.compknock.com/The State.pdf · Direct Democracy Government in which all cizens have equal power in decision making. 1. Every ci@zen has equal power in maers of