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The Standard Deviants
University of California, Riverside
*We would like to thank the Southern California Academic Center of Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Math Achievement U.S. ranked 24th in math scores across 29
nations
Math achievement scores have been linked to Adult wages Subsequent educational attainment Problem behaviors Dropping out
26. Italy27. Greece28. Turkey29. Mexico
21. Poland22. Hungary23. Spain24. United States25. Portugal
High School Dropout
Dropout Rates
In California, the statewide dropout rate is 20.1%. For the Los Angeles Unified School District, the
dropout rate was 34.9%.
Dropping has been linked to Lower income level Poor health Higher risk for unemployment Prison and death row
Ecological FrameworkIndividual:•School Enjoyment•Importance of Grades
IndividualIndividual
Ecological FrameworkPeer:•Peer Values•Peer Dropout
IndividualIndividual
Peer
Ecological FrameworkSchool:•School Climate
IndividualIndividual
Peer
School
Research Questions Do individual, peer, and school
factors have an influence on math achievement and high school dropout? Each of the factors will be related to math
achievement and high school dropout
Research Questions Which factor has the strongest effect on
math achievement and high school dropout? Proximal factors will have stronger effects on the
outcomes than distal factors
Data
Educational Longitudinal Study 2002 Nationally represented longitudinal
study Base year: 10th grade Follow-up year: 12th grade
Multilevel study
Participants N = 6988 Gender
Females: 53% Males: 47%
Ethnicity Asian American: 11% African American: 9% Latino: 12% European American: 68%
Measures
Individual Factors School Enjoyment
How much do you like school?
Importance of Grades How important are good grades to you?
Peer Factors Peer Values
Among your close friends, how important is: Attending classes regularly, studying, getting good grades, finishing high school, continuing their education past high school
Alpha = .84
Peer Dropout Altogether, how many of your close friends have
dropped out of high school before graduating
School Factor School Climate
14 item scale Alpha = .77 Example items: Students get along well with
teachers, There is real school spirit, Teachers are interested in students
Outcomes Math Achievement
Cognitive Test Dropout
Ever drop out of school?
Results
Math Achievement
High School Dropout
Building an Ecology of School Success Primary Prevention
Same factors influence multiple outcomes General prevention program
Secondary Prevention Target peer influence