Lecture 2Chapters 1 & 2

Drugs have been around since the dawn of time… probably

Alcohol as early as 6400 years BC (Middle East)

Opium 5000 BC (China)Cannabis 3000 years BC (Middle East)Coca 3000 BCTobacco 100 BC (Mexico)Cocaine Extracted 1855Heroin 1874MDMA (XTC) 1912LSD 1938

1906 Pure Food and Drug Act1914 Harrison Narcotic Act1920 Alcohol Prohibited 18th Amendment1930 Establishment of FBN, now DEA1933 Alcohol back 21st Amendment1937 Marijuana Tax Act1970 Controlled Substances Act1984 Scheduling Act1986 Anti-drug Abuse Act (Mandatory

Minimum)1988 Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act1996 Comprehensive Meth Control Act Compassionate Use Acts

Our Class Our Class UNCW College Ever Last 30 Students (L30) Students` (L30)

Alcohol 98% 98% 72% 71.8%Pot 79.6% 47% 25% 16.8%Hall 41.7% 4% 4.9% 1.1%Cocaine 32.7% 12.2% 4.8% 2.2%XTC 26.5% 4.1%1.1% 1%Opiates 51% 22.4% 8-10%Benzos 40.8% 26.5% 4-10% Stimulants 38.8% 16.2% 4-10%

ClassAlcohol 12.2% on 20 or more days

18.8% on 15 or more

Pot 15(30.1%) on 15 or more days3(6.1%) of you are high right now

Use – Periodic non-problematic useMisuse – Periodic useAbuse – A pattern of misuseDependence – Compulsive problematic use,

often with physiological dependence

Many drugs can be used relatively safelyMost people who use drugs do not develop

problems; however, this depends on the drug

Drugs are used for many reasonsSocialReligiousCopingExperimentation

Periodic circumscribed negative consequencesCollege students and alcohol“It only happened once.”Sometimes the consequences are catastrophic

1. Failure to fulfill major role obligations

2. Use in hazardous situations

3. Legal problems

4. Use despite problems

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1. Tolerance

2. Withdrawal

3. Larger amounts/longer period than intended

4. Inability to, or persistent desire to, cut down or control5. A great deal of time spent obtaining, using, or recovering6. Important activities given up or reduced

7. Use despite problems caused or exacerbated by use

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Agent Factors – Properties of the drug or substance

Host Factors – Characteristics of the person

Environment Factors – Context/Situation