THE SOVIET UNION LENIN TAKES COMMAND AND STALIN’S REIGN OF TERROR

THE SOVIET UNION

LENIN TAKES COMMAND

AND

STALIN’S REIGN OF TERROR

Vladimir Ulyanov

• From upper class family

• Profoundly affected by execution of his brother

• Exiled by Tsar 1897

LENIN

• Returns April 1917

• Overthrows Provisional gov’t

• Bolsheviks promise

• “Peace, Land and Bread”

• 1918 Treaty of Brest -Litovsk

Alexander Kerensky

• Tsar abdicates

• Duma forms provisional government

• Hope for moderate, democratic gov’t

• Overthrown by Bolsheviks

TrotskyLev Bronstein

• Lenin’s #2

• Marxist theory

• Military strategy

• Led the Red Army to victory in CW

• Pushed out and exiled by Stalin

Lenin’s Tomb

Lenin Gets A Pass

• Lenin still held in high regard even though– He established the CHEKA Secret Police later

known as (KGB)– Started the GULAG Prison Camp system– Used Murder, Torture, Prison and Exile to

further political goals.– Dies in 1924 - Stalin carries on the program

Stalin’s Rise to Power

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

• Josef Dzhugashvilli• 1878 Born in Georgia• Peasant stock• Quits seminary to join

the revolution• “Stalin” Man of Steel• Prison and exile

Young Revolutionary

• 1899 -1917• Not an intellectual• Tough guy who could

get things done• Bank robberies• Kidnappings• Demonstrations• Escapes



Stalin Out Maneuvers Trotsky

• Stalin Assigned Post in Secretariat • Gathers information on party members• Appoints people to party jobs, expects loyalty

(carrot)• Punishes those who disagree with him by

removing them from their posts (stick)• Forms alliances• Trotsky passed over when Lenin dies

Rapid Industrialization

• 5 Year Plans set ambitious goals

• Goals were met despite dangerous conditions, loss of life

• Use of slave labor• Potemkin Villages,

hide shortfalls if goals not met



Collectivization of Agriculture



• Massive state farms• Kulaks shipped off to

Siberia• They destroy

livestock, machinery, etc.

• Production quotas can’t be met

• Famine

Famine in Ukraine

• Bread Basket of Europe • Collectivization does not

work• Government takes all of

the grain, even that for personal use

• 5 million deaths • 1932-33 • Remember this picture

when you see “Che”



Purge Trials of the 1930’s



• Stalin eliminates the “competition”

• Uses torture to force confessions from old Bolshevik comrades

• Some had been heroes of the Revolution

• Death or labor camps



Inner Circle

• Most Powerful Leaders in USSR– STALIN– Voroshilov– Beria– Molotov– Malenkov– Kaganovich– Kalinin

Ivan’s Apartment

• Ivan and Anastasia Sanshin

• Aaron and Sonya Gubelman

• Katya

• Morda (the Policeman) and Mrs. Morda

• The Professor

• Feodosia - The Old Lady

The Non-Aggression Pact1939



• Molotov-Ribbentrop negotiate an alliance between Stalin and Hitler

• USSR to provide food and raw materials to Germany

• Germany to provide manufactured goodd to USSR

• Hitler invades in 1941

Battle of Stalingrad



• 1942 The Enemy is at the Gate

• Government is evacuated from Moscow to Kuibyshev

• Stalin stays behind• Russians rally to

defend the Motherland

The Gulag



Cult of Personality



The Big Three



• FDR, Churchill and Stalin ally to defeat Hitler• At Yalta, Stalin is rewarded for Russia’s sacrifice• Security zone of Eastern European “satellite

states”





Comrade Voroshilov

Comrade Beria

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THE SOVIET UNION LENIN TAKES COMMAND AND STALIN’S REIGN OF TERROR