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The Solar System. Earth is not even the beginning!. Our Solar System. How the Solar System Formed. Large explosion sent gas and dust flying Gravity forced particles together Tighter And Tighter And even tighter Until they began to heat because of friction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Solar SystemEarth is not even the beginning!
How the Solar System FormedLarge explosion sent gas and dust
flyingGravity forced particles togetherTighterAnd TighterAnd even tighterUntil they began to heat because of
frictionThis would eventually become stars
and planets
Solar SystemComposed of a number of thingsSunPlanetsMoonsAsteroidsDwarf PlanetsCometsAnd of course Space
History of Solar SystemGeocentric model put earth at the
center (Ptolemy)Sun and all planets orbited EarthImpossible
Heliocentric ModelCopernicus fixed Ptolemy’s problem
Put Sun at center of Solar System
Lots of criticismCorrect
The SunGas starMade of hydrogen and helium99% mass of solar systemPowers EVERYTHING in solar system
Sun Cont.Massive gravitational pull10,000 Degrees Fahrenheit (5,500 C)
93,000,000 miles from EarthFusion of hydrogen to heliumCenter of the Solar System
Warm Up Questions…1. What is the main difference between the
geocentric and heliocentric models of planetary orbit?
2. Who originally proposed the heliocentric model?
3. How hot is the sun?4. How far is the sun from Earth?5. What was the material that came from the
explosion that formed our solar system?6. What force allowed these particles to rotate
and eventually fuse together?
Think About It???
Explain how small particles such as dust and gas could form something as large as a planet?
Planets8 Planets in our solar system. (Sorry Pluto)
4 Inner planets (Rock)4 Outer Planets (Gas and Ice)Made of rock or gasAll orbit around the SunHave unique features
Planet FormationGrains of dust and other material condensed and began to accumulate into small masses.
Masses grew and grewMasses became spheres We call them planets
Inner PlanetsAlso known as terrestrial planetsSmaller than othersMore denseMade of RockRevolve fast around the sunMercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars
MercuryClosest planet to the sunOrbits the sun every 88 daysRotates once every 59 days (1407.6 hours)
No MoonsApprox. 1/3 the size of Earth
Mercury Cont.Thin AtmosphereSurface is covered with craters
Temp. Day=473 C Night= -173 C
Mariner 10 – 1974Messenger - 2011
Mercury MythologyNamed after Roman god Mercurius
Messenger of the godsGreek god Hermes
Why we will never meet an alien…
VenusSecond planet from the sunNo moonsOrbit period 225 days Rotation 243 daysSame size as earthHottest planet in solar systemVery thick atmosphere
Venus’ AtmospherePressure is 92x greater than Earth
Clouds composed of sulfuric acid
Greenhouse gases trapped in atmosphere
464 C
Venus SurfaceComposed of Basalt and Granite
1978- Pioneer1989- Magellan Inner core of metal
VenusRoman goddess of loveGreek would be Aphrodite Brightest object in the night sky next
to moon
Warm Up Questions???1. Please list the two reasons why Venus
is the hottest planet in the solar system?2. Why are Venus and Earth considered
twin planets?3. How long does it take Mercury to orbit
the Sun?4. What does the surface of Mercury look
like?5. Why does Mercury’s surface look like
this?6. What is unique about the rotation of
Venus?
Earth3rd planet from the sunOrbit period 365.24 daysOne rotation in 23 hours and 56
minutesThick atmosphere (greenhouse
effect)Tectonically active One moon
Earth MythologyRomans called her “terra Mater”
Mother EarthGoddess Gaia
Earth FormationOriginally hotCrust cooledInside is hot (mantle and core)
Dense materials were pulled in close to the center by gravity. (iron)
Water on EarthWater allowed life to form on earth
Water came from two places1. Water vapor contained in volcanoes during eruption
2. Contained in meteor, comet, and asteroid collisions with earth.
Beginnings of Earth
Warm Up Questions???1. What are the four layers of the
Earth called?2. What is the largest layer?3. Which layer(s) are solid?4. What layer do we live on?5. Describe the outer core?6. Why couldn’t we dig a hole to
China?
Mars4th planet from the sunOrbit period 468 daysRotation = 24hours 37 minutesHas a tilted axis like Earth (Seasons)Iron oxide in soil makes it redAtmosphere Constant wind and dust storms
Mars Cont.Temp Range -87C to -5CDried river and lake bedsSurface has ancient non
functioning volcanoesNo tectonic plate movementPolar ice caps
Mars MythologyNamed after Roman God of war
Greek god Ares2 Moons: Deimos and Phobos
Both moons are irregularly shaped
Inner planets closing questions???1. Name the inner planets.2. What inner planet is named after the
Greek messenger Hermes?3. What is the composition of the inner
planets?4. What is located between the inner and
outer planets?5. Which of the inner planets has the
thickest atmosphere?6. What is another name for the inner
planets?
Inner Planet Groups1. Size as compared to Earth2. Atmosphere?3. Moons?4. Surface features.5. Temp (hot and cold)6. Orbit and rotation periods.7. Unique features of the planet?
Outer PlanetsThink about it???What do we already know about the outer planets?
What we know…
Outer PlanetsDensity: how tightly packed
something isJupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and
NeptuneAlso called Jovian planetsLargerLess denseGas giants
Outer PlanetsThick atmospheresMany moons (satellites)Many ringsInteriors made of gas or liquid
May have rocky cores
Jupiter5th planet from the sunLargest planetOrbit Period: 12 yearsDay is about 9 hours 50min
Moves so fast it is flat at poles with a bulge at equator
Jupiter’s Moons and Rings4 rings63 moons4 Largest moons observed by GalileoGalilean Moons:
1. Io- Volcanic activity2. Europa- Ocean of water under
frozen ice3. Ganymede- Largest moon in solar
system4. Callisto-Most cratered moon in SS
Jupiter FeaturesGiant Red Spot (storm)30,000 C at coreGives off more heat than it
receivesWould have become a star but
not enough massClouds on surface (lightning) Massive electric field
Jupiter MythologyKing of the Roman godsGreek god Zeus
Warm up questions???1. What is Jupiter’s big red spot?2. Name Jupiter’s 4 largest moons?3. Who first discovered these moons?4. Why are scientists so interested in
Europa?5. What constantly hits the surface of
Jupiter?6. Describe what happens to Jupiter
because of it’s fast rotation.
Saturn6th planet from the sun2nd largest in the solar systemAverage temp. -178 CRotation period = 10 Hours 40 Min
Orbit Period = 29.5 Years
Saturn’s Moons62 MoonsTitan – Saturn’s largest moonLarger than MercuryThick atmosphere
Titan
Lord of the RingsSaturn has several thousand rings
Each large ring is divided into dozens of smaller ringlets
Billions of pieces of rock and ice
67,000 Km wideLess than 100 meters thick
Ring Theories1. A large body was orbiting the planet and was ripped apart by gravity.
2. Debris left over from a collision with an asteroid.
3. Material that was unable to condense into a moon.
Warm up question???
Please explain how Saturn got its rings?
Be specific!You can use any of the three we talked about yesterday.
Saturn's Rings
Saturn MythologyRoman god of agriculture,
harvest, or time.Last day of the week is named
after Saturn.Greek Cronus
UranusSeventh Planet3rd LargestDiscovered 1781Rotation = 17 HoursOrbit = 84 Years
Uranus Methane atmosphere (blue)Tilted 97 degreesRotates like a bicycle tireTemp -215 C
Uranus Moons and Rings27 MoonsMost are small13 Rings
Uranus MythologyFather of Saturn and Grandfather of Jupiter
Greek Ouranus
Neptune8th planet from the sunPredicted before its discoveryRotation = 16 hoursOrbit = 165 yearsTemp = -214 C
Neptune’s Moons and Rings13 MoonsTriton – Travels from east to
westGeologically active
9 Rings
Triton
Neptune MythologyRoman god of the seaGreek God Poseidon
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