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THE SOLAR DECATHLON
THE FIRST LIGHT HOUSE
CONSTRUCTION
FRANK KITTS PARK
BUILDING PERFORMANCE
DISCUSSION
10 CONTESTS
1. ARCHITECTURE2. MARKET APPEAL3. ENGINEERING4. COMMUNICATIONS5. AFFORDABILITY6. COMFORT ZONE7. HOT WATER8. APPLIANCES9. HOME ENTERTAINMENT10.ENERGY BALANCE
20 TEAMS
USCANADACHINABELGIUMNZ
The U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon challenges 20 collegiate teams to design, build, and operate solar-powered houses that are cost-effective, energy-efficient, and attractive.
Contest 1: Architecture
Designing an aesthetically pleasing house that successfully coordinates:
- Architectural elements [doors, windows, materials]
- Lighting design [daylight and electric light]
- Integration of solar technologies
- Architectural drawings
Team California 2009
Contest 4: Communications
Explaining the house and educating the public about solar technologies through:
-The team website
- A video walkthrough
- Photos and digital images
- Public tours in New Zealand and Washington DC
Team California 2009
Contest 3 & 6: Engineering & Comfort Zone
Making sure the house feels comfortable by:
- Making sure the indoor temperature stays between 21.7o C and 24.4o C
- Keeping the relative humidity below 60%
- Designing the house on passive solar principles
- Using mechanical heating and ventilation efficiently
Team Germany 2009
Contest 8: Appliances
Showing what life in the house is like by:
- Running all appliances on a daily basis
- Fridge- Freezer- Dishwasher- Clothes washer- Clothes dryer
- Choosing energy efficient appliances
Fisher & Paykel
Contest 9: Home Entertainment
Showing what life in the house is like by:
-Running all the house electronics [TV, computer, lights]
-Inviting the neighbours round for dinner
-Hosting a movie night for friends
Movie night
Dinner party
Contest 5: Affordability
Maximum points awarded for a total construction cost of < US$250,000
- Scale tapers down to $600,000 where no points are awarded
Contest 10: Energy Balance
Net zero energy consumption
- Making sure that all the energy used in the house has been produced by the house
Team Germany 2009
The Solar Decathlon
Competitive
High Performance
Transportation and Prefabrication
Energy Conservation
Energy Generation
The Kiwi Bach
First Light demonstrates that energy efficiency and contemporary living can be brought together to create a placethat is both sympathetic to the environment and tuned to our way of life.
FIRST LIGHT
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRAINED BY TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS
7 DAY ASSEMBLY TIMEFRAME
MODULARISATION
PREFABRICATION
Reduce structureMinimise depth
Standardise Elements
Increase insulationMaximise ceiling heightIncreased production efficiency - Reducing cost, time, resources & waste
= = =
ROOF
Ferndale Joinery roof construction showing tapered gutter detail
Roof structure almost 100% plywood, including rafters – very lightweight, very durable, each module individually waterproofed, made by Ferndale Joinery on CNC router
Lightweight roof system – box-beam trusses and 21mm ply CNC-routed profiled ribs span housing module – minimum of materials – construction by Ferndale Joinery
FLEXUS CONCRETE AND LVL COMPOSITE FLOORS
Installing Ecoinsulation wool to underside of floor panel
50mm THERMAL MASS
LVL JOISTS
RESISTANCE TO CRACKING
5.4m SPAN
M3 - CENTRAL MODULE
OVERWIDTH – 3m
FLATPACKED TO FIT IN STANDARD CONTAINER
LARGE BIFOLD DOORS AND SKYLIGHT
FOCAL POINT OF THE DESIGN
FRANK KITTS PARK: PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT
TEST ASSEMBLY
SHOWCASE OF SPONSORS
PUBLIC TOURS
COMMISSIONING AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION
SPONSOR RECOGNITION
OPENING NIGHT
SPONSORS EXHIBIT
SPONSORS TOURS AND OTHER EVENTS
PROMOTING TIES WITH INDUSTRY
MERIDIAN ENERGY: PRINCIPAL SPONSORS DAY
“SOLAR POWERED COFFEE”
HOSTED BY JEREMY WELLS
WIDESPREAD PUBLICITY
DINNER EVENING
PUBLIC TOURS
300,000+ HOUSE VISITS AT 2009 SOLAR DECATHLON
EDUCATING THE WIDER PUBLIC
PRESENTATION AND TOUR GUIDING PRACTICE
PEOPLE FLOW MANAGEMENT AND CROWD CONTROL
Net zero energy housingReducing our energy use to optimize our energy generation
Many homes in New Zealand waste energy. They are badly designed and constructed, have inadequate insulation, and use a lot of energy to heat and run.
- Designing with climate in mind to reduce our energy consumption - Utilizing passive solar techniques to reduce energy use for heating/cooling
- Using basic technology to help reduce energy use
- Reducing energy use in day to day lives
- Generating the power using PV’s
HEEP Household Energy End-use study
The study found that the average total energy use per household was 11,410 kWh/yr
Lighting 8%
Other appliances 13%
Refrigeration 10%
Cooking 6%
Space heating 34%
Hot water 29%
Total energy use in average NZ home
NZ homes are cold!August-September mean
temperatures Northern North Island Southern North Island Christchurch Southern South Island
Living room 16.5 16.1 16.1 14.7
External temperature 11.9 9.3 10.3 7.3
Morning Day Evening Night
7-9am 9am-5pm 5-11pm 11pm-7am
Living room 13.5 15.8 17.8 14.8
Bedroom 12.6 14.2 15 13.6
Ambient 7.8 12 9.4 7.6
Low indoor air temperatures are associated with poor health, a variety of social and economic problems for residents as well as contributing to mould and dampness in homes.
Mean indoor & ambient winter temperatures across a day
Mean indoor & ambient winter temperatures By region
Thermal ComfortThermal qualities – Warm, Cool, Humid, Breezy, Radiant, Cozy
Being aware of our climate helps us to design buildings that are responsive to our changing environment and can maintain a high level of thermal comfort using as little energy as possible
- Temperature
- Humidity
- Wind - Rainfall
- Solar Radiation
cold
temperate
warm/humidClimate & ShelterClimate and its effect on the thermal environment
The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate
The National Mall, Washington DC Frank Kitts Park, Wellington
Wellington Climate vs Washington DC Climate Three Sites – One house
Which Climate do we design for?
Passive Solar DesignThe concept of passive solar architecture
In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer.
This is called passive solar design or climatic design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it doesn't involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices.
- Insulation and Heat Loss
- Thermal Mass
- Ventilation - Glazing & Skylight
- Shading
Thermal analysisOptimizing the efficiency of the building envelope
Thermal resistance of building envelope
Building Element Construction R-value (m2.°C/W)
Roof 6.48
Wall 5.77
Concrete Floor 5.46
Timber Floor 5.88
Glazing 1.11
Door -
Skylight 1.11
COMMISSIONING AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION
THERMAL COMFORT
HVAC COMMISSIONING
PASSIVE HEATING AND COOLING
AIR TIGHTNESS
THERMAL IMAGING
BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
ENERGY GENERATION VS. ENERGY CONSUMPTION
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Night Temperature17.05.11
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kWh Exported from East & West Solar array
kWh Exported West Array kWh Exported East Array kWH/m2 Total global radiation (Direct + Diffuse) per day
Operational electricity Annual consumption – 3500 kWh
Annual generation – 4600 kWh (based on Frank Kitts Park trial period) Net generation – 1100 kWh per annum Assumed lifetime of 80 years – 88,000 kWh
82 23.11.2011
Lighting 6%
Hot water8%
HVAC37%Appliances
28%
Communications12%
Home entertainment
9%