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The Sociological The Sociological Point of ViewPoint of View
Key Things in SociologyKey Things in Sociology
People are first and foremost a social being.Live in groupsConstantly exposed to social interaction
with others
SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGY
Is best defined as the scientific study of social interaction
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
To enable people to live intelligently in their social world
To deal with social problems they encounter, especially conflict and social change.
Examples: survivor series, big brother
Shipwreck ActivityShipwreck Activity
SituationSituationAssume that your are part of a 10-member
group that is shipwrecked on a deserted tropical island. The island has a plentiful supply of wild fruits and plants, insects birds, fish, and hardwood trees. Some fresh water can be found in small island pools, but the bulk of the water is contaminated b salt from the ocean. Your group had time to rescue the following items.
ItemsItems2 large fishing knives4 plastic gallon jugs of water1 25 foot rope1 large plastic tarp1 set of binoculars1 can opener20 cans of fruit and vegetables
What to doWhat to doEstablish a list of rules, procedures, and
task assignments that would allow the group to survive on the island indefinitely.
Each group will share their list in class and explain how they came to agree on their list and whether they encountered any problems in reaching a consensus.
RememberRememberFor society to operate efficiently, members
must work together toward common goals. To ensure that most people cooperate for the common good, societies establish rules of conduct and expectations for behavior.
The Sociological Point of ViewThe Sociological Point of View
Section #1: Examining Social Section #1: Examining Social LifeLife
DefinitionsDefinitionsSociology: is the science that studies
human society and social behavior.Social Interaction: how people relate
to one another and influence each other’s behavior.
Phenomenon: is a observable fact or event
The Sociological PerspectiveThe Sociological Perspective Gain a new view or perspective for looking at ourselves and
the world. Common sense vs scientific fact Sociological Perspective helps us see better (objectively) Gives us insight The world as a whole
– Connection between the larger world and our personal lives is called Sociological Imagination (C. Wright Mills)
– Read aloud page 21
Sociology’s Place in the Sociology’s Place in the Social SciencesSocial Sciences
Social Science: disciplines that study various aspects of human social behavior
Anthropology: study of various aspects of past and present cultures.
Psychology: study of the mind and the individual. Social Psychology: study of how an individual behavior
and personality are affected by the social environment. Economics: study of the choices people make in an effort
to satisfy their wants and needs. Political Science: study of government. History: study of past events.
QuestionQuestionWhy is studying groups important?
QuestionQuestionWhy is important to have a sociological
imagination?
Sociology: Then and NowSociology: Then and Now
What created Sociology?What created Sociology? 19th Century Rapid social and political changes in Europe
during the 17th Century (Industrial Revolution)– Growth of Cities and the problems it created (SOCIAL
PROBLEMS)– Housing, crime, relationships,– Let to the American and French Revolution
Need for Study
Early YearsEarly YearsFrance, Germany & England (19th Century)Several key individuals surfaced
Auguste ComteAuguste ComteFrench philosopherFounder of Sociology (1st to use the term)Approve life after the French RevolutionWanted to use Scientific Method to
discover problems and find solutionsSocial Status: the society stay the sameSocial Dynamics: elements w/I society
that created change
PhotoPhoto
Karl MarxKarl MarxGermanyBelieved society is influenced by the economic.Created the idea of “Have and Have Nots”Focus on material and productionDeveloped the idea of Communism (Dialete
Theory)Lived during the beginnings of a “Capitalistic
Society”
PhotoPhoto
Herbert SpencerHerbert SpencerEnglandInfluenced by Charles DarwinThe idea that society was a liveBelieved that social change occurred
through problems therefore no attempt to resolve the problem should be taken.
That the best for society will survive
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Emile DurkheimEmile DurkheimFranceFirst to apply the methods of science to
the study of societyShould only study what can be seen (no
study of feelings for example)
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Max WeberMax WeberGermanMore interested in the study of GroupsHow society affects the individualVerstehen: the idea of placing yourself in
that person place and seeing it through their eyes.
PhotoPhoto
Current PerspectivesCurrent Perspectives
More DefinitionsMore DefinitionsTheory: is a systematic explanation of the
relationship among phenomena.Theorectical Perspective: is a general set
of assumptions about the nature phenomena.
Three broad theorectial Three broad theorectial perspectives in modern perspectives in modern
sociologysociology
Functionalist PerspectiveFunctionalist Perspective View society as a set of interrelated parts that work
together to produce a stable social system. Society lead together through consensus. What functions for example exist in a family,
church, place of work. Dysfunction: is the negative consequence an
element has for the stability of the social system. (crime)
Manifest function: is the intended function Latent function: is the unintended function
Conflict PerspectiveConflict PerspectiveFocus on those forces in society that
promote competition and changeClass Struggle Theory
Interactions PerspectiveInteractions Perspective
Focus on how individual interact with one another in society
Look at the individual and how the individual see themselves
Symbol: anything that stands for something else. Symbolic Interaction: used to study topics like
child development, relationships within groups and mate selection.
Applying SociologyApplying Sociology
Collecting Data (scientific information) is important to sociologist
Six Methods or techniques
Six MethodsSix Methods Historical Method - examining any materials from
the past– Tools, clothes, pictures, documents, etc.
Content Analysis - counting the number of times a particular word, phrase, idea, event, symbol or other element appears in a given context.– TV, radio, recordings, photographs, art, newspapers,
magazines, books, etc.
Six methods continuedSix methods continued Survey Method -
– Random Survey (???)– Two techniques used to find out information
Questionnaire Interviews
Observation - observe the behavior of individuals in actual social settings– Controlled environment– Uncontrolled environment
Six methods continuedSix methods continuedThe Case Study - Observational techniques,
researcher of pastStatistical Analysis - using mathematical data
– Using Variables - (a characteristic that can differ from one individual to another).
Key to ResearchKey to ResearchAnalyzing the data Making ASSUMPTIONS (NOT
FINDINGS)Reporting mistakes in research
QuestionQuestionHow has Sociology evolved?