The Smart Grid and Consumer Electronics

George W. Arnold, Eng.Sc.D.

National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability

National Institute of Standards and Technology

World Electronics Forum

January 10, 2011

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The Electric Grid

“The supreme engineering achievement of the 20th century”

- National Academy of Engineering

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The Electric Grid 100 Years Ago

Edison Pearl Street Station, 1882

Wall Street, 1913

It’s not too different today!

Smart Grid – A U.S. National Priority

“We’ll fund a better, smarter electricity grid and train workers to build it…” President Barack Obama

“To meet the energy challenge and create a 21st century energy economy, we need a 21st century electric grid…” Secretary of Energy Steven Chu

“A smart electricity grid will revolutionize the way we use energy, but we need standards …” Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke

“It is the policy of the United States to support the modernization of the Nation's electricity [system]… to achieve…a Smart Grid.” Congress, EISA 2007

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The Grid Needs to be Modernized

• Reduce Costs• Use More Renewables• Improve Reliability• Support Electric Vehicle

Charging

The Smart Grid integrates information technology and advanced communications into the power system in order to:

Reducing Cost

• Half of U.S. coal plants are > 40 years old• Upgrade or replacement will cost $560 B by 2030• Smart grid helps utilities and consumers reduce both peak and

average use – thus reducing investment otherwise required – US per capita annual electricity usage = 13000 kWh– Japan per capita annual usage = 7900 kWh

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2007 Generation by Source

Sources:(1) DoE EIA(2) Brattle Group

Using More Renewables

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Source: PJM

• Electricity generation accounts for 40% of human-caused CO2

• Smart grid enables dynamic control needed for much greater use of wind and solar

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Increasing Reliability

US Japan0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Power outagesMinutes/year/customer

• $80 Billion /year cost to U.S. economy

• Smart grid sensors and automated controls will improve reliability

Sources: (1) IEEE Benchmarking 2009 Results

Distribution Reliability Working Group(2) Japan Ministry of Economy Trade and

Industry 2010(3) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Electric Vehicle Charging

2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – NO UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

22,000

24,000

26,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Hours

MW

I nitial Load Forecast Ports Rail Trucks Forklifts PEVs

Worst Case

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2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – WITH UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

22,000

24,000

26,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24Hours

MW

Initial Load Forecast Ports Rail Trucks Forklifts PEVs

Source: Southern California Edison

• Opportunity to use idle capacity on the grid

• Smart grid enables charging management to avoid overload during peak periods

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The Smart Grid Essential Concept

Two-way flow of electricity and informationDynamic management of both supply and demand

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Where Does the Power Go?

AC17%

Lights15%

Refrigeration10%

Hot Water9%

Heating9%

TV7%

Washer/dryer6%

Computers4%

Cooking2%

Dishwasher2%

Other — Miscella-

neous Uses19%

Res.37%

Comm’l36%

Indust.’l27%

Source: DoE EIA, 2008 data

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Consumer Electronics Can Drive Innovation on Customer Side of the Meter

• Home area network• Energy services interface• Home energy

management systems/apps

• Controllers• Displays• Sub-metering devices• Embedded smart grid-

aware intelligence

NIST Smart Grid Reference Model

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Standards are Critical:Smart Grid Interoperability Panel

• Public-private partnership created in Nov. 2009• 620 member organizations• Open, public process with international participation• Coordinates standards developed by Standards Development

Organizations (SDOs) – Identifies Requirements– Prioritizes standards development programs– Works with over 20 SDOs including IEC, ISO, ITU, CEA, IEEE, …

• Web-based participation

SGIP Twiki: http://collaborate.nist.gov/twiki-sggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/SGIP

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Benefits of Global Standards

• Avoid unnecessary adaptations for different markets

• Promote supplier competition• Encourage innovation• Lower costs for suppliers• Lower costs for utilities• Lower costs to end customers

Further Information

• Web portal: http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid• Contact:

– George Arnold, National Coordinator– Email: george.arnold@nist.gov– Telephone: +1.301.975.2232

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