The Skeletal System

Structure of Bone

Skeletal System The entire framework of bone and

their associated cartilages

Each individual bone is considered an organ because it is composed of several different tissues working together.

Osteology The study of the structure of bone

and the treatment of bone disorders

Orthopedics The branch of medicine that deals

with the preservation and restoration of bone

Functions of Bone and The Skeletal System Bone tissue and the skeletal

system perform several basic functions: Support Protection Movement Mineral Storage Hemopoiesis Energy Reserve

Support Provides a framework for the body

by supporting soft tissues and providing points of attachment for most skeletal muscles

Protection Protects many internal organs from

injury

Movement Skeletal muscles attach to bones.

When the muscle contracts, it pulls the bones to create desired movements

Mineral Storage & Homeostasis Bone tissue stores minerals such

as calcium and phosphorus. Bone can release these minerals into the blood to maintain critical concentrations and maintain homeostasis

Production of Blood Cells Red Bone Marrow – a connective

tissue within certain bones that produces RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets. Hemopoiesis – the process of making

blood cells

Triglyceride Storage Yellow bone marrow found in

certain bones stores triglycerides in adipocytes. These are a potential energy reserve for the body.

TYPES OF BONES There are 6 main types of bones:

Long Short Flat Irregular Sutural Sesamoid

Long Bones Bones that are greater in length

than they are in width Have 2 main parts

Body (shaft); Ends (extremities) Ex: Arms, Legs, Fingers, Toes

Short Bones Bones that are just as wide as they

are long Ex: Wrist and Ankle

Flat Bones Thin and Flat (duh) Used for protection and muscle

attachment Ex: cranial, sternum, ribs, scapula

Irregular Bones Complex shapes that cannot be

classified into any of the other categories

EX – Vertebrae, Facial bones

Sutural Bones Small bones that form between

joints in the cranium. The number can vary between individuals.

Sesamoid Bone Bone that develops in a tendon

where there is a lot of pressure