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THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
Chapter 14
Lesson 1 part 2
jointa connection between two or more bones
or between cartilage and bone
Joints provide flexibility and enable the skeleton to move.
Joints are designed for specific functions and are classified
into two groups:
• Movable Joints
•Immovable Joints
Movable Joints
• ball and socket
• hinge
• pivot
• gliding (condyloid)
Ball and socket joint
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Gliding (condyloid) joint
Immovable Joints
sutures - the interlocking margins of skull bones
Anatomy of a joint
Tendon
Bursa
Bursa
Bursa
PatellaFemur
Tibia
Ligament
Synovial Cavity
synovial membrane lines the inner surface of the joint cavity
fluid, which acts as a shock absorber between the bones
secretes a lubricating fluid called synovial
ligaments
connect the bones of a
joint
ligaments
tendons
connects muscle to bone; often extend across the joint and
strengthens it
bursas
Bursa
Bursa
Bursa
a fluid-filled sac; lined with synovial membrane
bursas
located between tendons, ligaments, & bones
bursas
Bursa
Bursa
Bursa
serve as cushions and
reduce friction
• Arthritis
• Rheumatism
• Sprain
• Double-jointed
• Osteoporosis
Bone & JointDiseases and Disorders
a disease in which joints become irritated or inflamed, such as when cartilage in joints is damaged or wears away; usually accompanied by pain. Arthritis frequently results in changes in the joint structure, greatly hampering movement.
Arthritis
a general term for various conditions that are characterized by soreness and stiffness of muscles and joints
Rheumatism
A stretch injury to the ligaments of a joint. In severe sprains, the ligaments may be torn.
Sprain
results from abnormally long ligaments, which allow a joint to be easily dislocated
Double-jointed
Osteoporosis is a common bone disease which causes bones to weaken and become brittle.
Osteoporosis
One of the best ways to keep bones healthy is to exercise.
Without exercise, bones weaken and lose mass.
Bones need a balanced diet that includes calcium and Vitamin D.
Healthy Bones
Because bones supply calcium to your nerves, muscles, and heart, a healthy skeletal system is important in maintaining your body’s homeostasis.
Working together with muscles, bones enable you to move away from unpleasant stimuli or danger.
The Skeletal System and Homeostasis