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Function
• Provides support, movement, and protection
• Blood cell production• Calcium storage• Endocrine regulation
Structure
• 206 bones (300-350 at first; fuse together, most have 206 by age 9)
• Includes bones, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage
• Separated into two distinctive parts:– Axial skeleton (vertebral
column, rib cage, skull)– Appendicular skeleton
(pectoral girdles, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs)
Structure ctd.Periosteum: softer outer covering; provides blood flow to bone; helps bones heal, grow, and fight infectionCompact/Cortical bone: hard bone layer. Provides protection.Spongy/Cancellous bone: less dense layer; heals faster than
compact bone wouldBone marrow: innermost layer. Where
blood cells are made
Diseases
• Osteoperosis: bones lose calcium, thin out, can disappear
• Arthritis: inflammatory, damages joints & surrounding structures
• Scoliosis: curved spine (“C” or “S” shape)
• Leukemia/bone cancer: white blood cells multiply uncontrollably; primarily related to blood, but begins in bone marrow.
• Breaks, fractures, strains, etc.
The study of the skeletal system is referred to as
orthopedics.