The Skeletal System

Functions• • •

•

The Skeletal System

Structure• ____ bones• 2 main groups

– Axial: ______________________________

– Appendicular: __________________________________________________________________

The Skeletal System

The Spine• _ regions of vertebrae• Vertebrae separated by _____• Hollow _____ in each that

spinal cord runs throughThorax – rib cage. • _____ attach to thoracic

vertebrae• ___ ribs attach to sternum the

other _ have free ends(false ribs)

Skull

Axial Skeleton

The Skeletal SystemBone Tissue• Compact – _______

_____________ bone. Covers the entire bone. Thickest at _____.

• Cancellous(______ bone) – ___________ appearance. Less dense. Usually in ____ of bone. Older people’s honeycomb spaces get _____ and brittle if there is a lack of _________.

The Skeletal SystemTypes of Bones• Long

– have a _______, ie humerus, phalanges

– Have hollow shafts with bone ________ that produce blood cells

• Short – no ______, cuboid in shape

• Flat – on at least one ________, eg scapula!!!

• Irregular

The Skeletal System

What type of bone are phalanges?• A common mistake of students is to think

phalanges are short bones due to their length rather than long bones because they have a shaft and are long in comparison to their width.

• Short bones such as the tarsals are blocky with no shaft.

The Skeletal SystemAnatomical Terminology1. _________ – towards the ______/ higher / above. eg the head is

superior to the sternum.2. _________ – Towards the feet / lower / below. Eg feet are

inferior to your sacrum.3. _________ – Front ie Anterior ligament is the front ligament, eg

sternum is on the anterior part of your body.4. __________ – Back, eg your spine is posterior to your sternum.5. ________ – towards the _________, eg inside (of knee)6. ________ – towards the _____, eg outside(of knee)7. ________ – nearer the _____, eg shoulder is at the proximal end

of the humerous.8. _______ – further from trunk, eg elbow is at the distal end of

your humerous.9. ______ – face ______10. _______ – face ___

The Skeletal SystemGrowth• takes place in _______ but slower growth continues in

between spurts• The major spurts are the first _ – _ years (half expected

adult height at 2 yrs) and then starting at about __-__years for girls and __-__ years for boys.

• Adolescence - Feet and hands lengthen _____, then lower legs & forearms, then thighs and upper arms, then trunk. Then _______ and ______ width increases. Finally chest & abdomen depth increase.

• After adolescence growth continues. Girls usually reach full height at about _____yrs and boys at about ____yrs.

The Skeletal SystemBone GrowthBone and _________ start as the

same stuff.Short Bones – cartilage forms into

shape then __________(ossifies) from inside to outside.

Long Bones – cartilage gets some ______, hardens from _______, hollows out and lengthens, growth plate keeps adding to ______ of bone until it the plate eventually hardens

Diagram

Green – cartilage Purple – calcified cartilage

Jade – bone Red - arteries