THE SHOCK AND VIBRATION DIGEST - Defense Technical Information · PDF fileTHE SHOCK AND VIBRATION DIGEST A PUBLICATION OF THE SHOCK AND VIBRATION INFORMATION CENTER NAVAL RESEARCH

CV)If) VOLUME 17, NO, 11

NOVEMBER 1985

THE SHOCKAND VIBRATIONDIGEST

A PUBLICATION OFTHE SHOCK AND VIBRATIONINFORMATION CENTERNAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY

WASHINGTON, D.C.

THE UNDERFORREEARHYI

OF DEFENSE

AND noENGINEERING

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited.

ITHE SHOCK AND VIBRATION DIGESTVolume 17, No. 11November 1985

STAFF

Saock aOW Viblatmam lmfegatie Cae

EDITORIAL ADVISOR: Dr. J. Gordan Showalter

viikation ladce

EDITOR: Judith Nagle-EshlemanTECHNICAL EDITOR: Ronald L. EshlemanRESEARCH EDITOR: M ida Z. TamulionisCOPY EDITOR: Loretta G. TwohigPRODUCTION: Deborah K. Blahs

Gwen M. Wassilak

BOARD OF EDITORS

R.L. Bort W.D. PilkeyJ.D.C. Crisp H.C. PuseyD.J. Johns E. SevinB.N. Leis R.A. SkopK.E. McKee R.H. VolinC.T. Morrow H.E. von Gietke

The Saock and Vibtation Digest is a morthly publicationof the Shock and Vibration Information Center. The goalof the Digest is to provide efficient transfer of sound,

A publication of shock, and vibration technology among researchers andpracticing engineers. Subjective and objective analyses of

THE SHOCK AND VIBRATION the literature are provided along with news and editorialINFORMATION CENTER material. News items and articles to be considered for

publication should be submitted to:Code 5804, Naval Research

Laboratory Dr. R.L. EshlemanWashington, D.C. 20375-5000 Vibration Institute

(202) 767-2220 Suite 206, 101 West 55th StreetClarendon Hills, Illinois 60514

Dr. J. Gordan Showalter (312) 654-2254Acting Director

Copies of articles abstracted are not available from theRudolph H. Volin Shock and Vibration Information Center (except for those

generated by SVIC). Inquiries should be directed to li-Elizabeth A. McLaughlin brary resources, authors, or the original publishers.

Mary K. Gobbett This periodical is for sale on subscription at an annualrate of $200.00. For foreign subscribers, there is anadditional 25 percent charge for overseas delivery on bothregular subscriptions and back issues. Subscriptions areaccepted for the calendar year, beginning with the Janu-ary issue. Bock issues are available -- Volumes 11through 16 -- for $40.00. Orders may be forwarded atany time to SVIC, Code 5804, Naval Research Laboratory,Washington, D.C. 20375-5000. The Secretary of the Navyhas determined that this publication is necessary in thetransaction of business required by law of the Departmentof the Navy. Funds for printing of this publication havebeen approved by the Navy Publications and Printing Pol-icy Committee.

7- . "

SVIC NOTES

Many short courses are available today that cover a wide range of subjects

in shock and vibration. These courses are sponsored by various organizations, .'-=

including professional societies, small educational institutes, academic institutions, ""* "and manufacturers. Considering the wide range of subjects covered one mightask the question, "Are there any topics or courses in shock and vibration thatshould be added to the engineering curriculum in universities?" There are threepossibilities which I would suggest, (1) modal testing and analysis, (2) dampingand (3) mechanical shock.

Modal testing and analysis is now in such common usage that few wouldquestion its appearance in the course catalog of an engineering school.

Damping hasn't yet received the same publicity as modal testing but it is .

nonetheless an important subject. A full course might include the topics of vibra-tion and shock isolators, active control, viscoelastic material properties, noisereduction and layered damping treatments. If more training were given in thissubject area then more vibration problems would be eliminated in the designstage before it becomes necessary to develop an expensive fix in the productioni stage.

My third suggestion, mechanical shock, is admittedly a more specializedsubject often associated with military applications; but there are nonmilitaryshocks such as earthquakes, pyrotechnic shock, air blasts and metal-to-metalimpact. It would probably be alright if an expanded coverage of mechanicalshock were included in a larger course on structural dynamics. Suggested topicsfor inclusion would be the shock response spectra, shock sources, specializedsolution techniques, instrumentation, design methods, data reduction andinterpretation.

Other more specialized topics in the subject area of shock and vibration are %currently receiving a great deal of interest but they don't yet warrant a fullsemester university course. This includes many specialized topics in machineryvibration, engineering instrumentation, digital data analysis, fluid-structure interac-tion, control systems, reliability, structural integrity and penetration mechanics.

Short courses should be thought of as a possible test bed for the develop-ment of full academic level courses. If a subject such as modal testing andanalysis is taught for many years by many organizations, then it is a good candi-date for inclusion in a university curriculum, Those short courses that don'treceive much interest or enrollment will automatically be eliminated from furtherconsideration.

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EDITORS RATTLE SPACE[.% ?' . .-

'

ON THE RENEFMi OF TECHNICAL UB7NG ATFENDANCE

" The question of who attends technical meetings came up when it appeared that% the majority of attenders at the 56th Shock and Vibration Symposium were

experienced engineers. Perhaps the better question should be -- who should beattending technical meetings? It is necessary that those who have writtenpapers for presentation at a meeting be the first to go. However, in view ofbudgetary constraints, who benefiti the most from these meetings and whatbenefits the company the most? Should the senior engineer or manager begiven right of first refusal as a reward for service or should the young engi-neer go because of technical growth? Let's examine some of the reasonspeople go to meetings.

The principal purpose for attendance at technical meetings is to keep up withcurrent technology. Meetings held today fill other functions which help theengineer to perform his or her daily duties in a more efficient manner. Moretutorial sessions and workshops on current technology ate provided at currentmeetings. These sessions benefit both new and experienced engineers. Theyprovide both directed knowledge and exposure to practical experience. Again,both types of session benefit the experienced and new engineer. Finally, theinformed interaction among participants provides the exchange of much tech-nology. Some believe this to be the most beneficial part of the meetingprocess. Because of their long term friendships, exposure to previous meet-ings, and general technology experience, the experienced engineer probablybenefits most from this informal exchange. In any event any person attending ameeting should return with a wealth of information and ideas for implementa- " "tion. The change of pace provided by the meeting incites new enthusiasm for "'"''"'the job which is approached with new ideas and techniques. Thus the meetingnot only is a mechanism for exchange of technology but also provides a re-vival of spirit.

With all this in mind who should the company send to the meeting? In viewof the potential benefits it appears to me that a company, university, or gov-enment facility would want to send each engineer to one meeting per year.It should be considered to be part of the cost of maintaining a person on thestaff -- the same as overhead and benefits. What good is it to have a personon the staff who is not trained and motivated to provide maximum efficiency.Even though travel is expensive, I believe it should not be looked at as aneasy place to effect cost cutting measures. I believe in quality over quantityin this situation. It would be better to have less properly trained staff mem-bets for an efficient operation. Therefore it is hoped that more organizationswill look at technical meeting attendance as a necessity rather than a cosdyperk given as a reward for long time service.

R.L.E.

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RESEARCH ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF COMPOSITEAND SANDWICH PLATES - IV

C.W. Bert* ,v" "

Abstract. This paper comprises a survey of relationships on impact response. Kunz [7]the literature concerning the dynamic be- determined stress components on interlami-havior of plate-type structural elemens of nar surfaces as a function of position ande either composite material or sandwich con- time. Other investigations of the impactstruction. Papers from mid-1982 t ough process and material response have beenearly 19835 and several references published reported [8-13].late in 1951 are reviewed. Emphasis isgiven to transverse impact and subsequent Kelkar and his co-workers [14] focused ondamage, environmental aspects, linear and large-deflection behavior for the case ofnonlinear analysis, and design (including quasi-isotropic-layup laminates. Chen andaeroelastic tailoring). Configurations in- Sun [15, 16] considered the impact re-dude rectangularly and cylindrically ortho- sponse of laminated plates already buckledtropic, and laminated thin plates; thick due to static loading.plates; and sandwich plates. -' ".-,

Evaluation and prediction of the extent ofdamage and the residual static strength of

Substantial progress has been made since laminates have been investigated [17-27].the last survey of this topic [1] in 1982. Arecent survey by Reddy [2] should bementioned. Information sources referenced RESPONSE TO SPECIALin the present survey are primarily journal DYNAMIC LOADINGS

. or conference papers in the open literature.The following topics are not included: The dynamic stress concentration in com-anisotropic-crystal plates and magnetoelastic posite strips, each containing a circular

" effects. hole, has been studied in experiments inwhich the strips were subjected to high-velocity tensile loading [28]. Tani and

RESPONSE TO LOCAL Doki [29] analyzed the dynamic stability ofTRANSVERSE IMPACT cylindrically orthotropic annular-planform

plates subjected to pulsating radial loading." Research on this topic has considerably Chonan [30] predicted analytically the

increased since the last survey primarily as response of a prestressed, thick, orthotropica result of NASA research and NASA-spon- plate strip to a moving line load. Thesored research relative to low-velocity bulging and failure of carbon-reinforcedimpact damage. Included are analyses of composite disks loaded by their own inertiathe dynamic contact process itself as well have been studied [31], as has the responseas experimental assessment of resulting of a five-layer composite panel to shock-damage by measurement of residual static wave loading [32].strength.

Investigations of the dynamic contact pro- THERMAL, ACOUSTIC,cess include the works of Lal [3-5], who AND AEROELASTIC EFFECTSmade semi-empirical predictions of thecoefficient of restitution for multilayer The vibrations of thermally stressed ottho-graphite-epoxy plates. Tan and Sun [6] tropic plates of various planforms havestudied de effect of static force-indentation been analyzed [33-371. Sun and Chen [38]

*Petkinson Professor of Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Nuclear Bngi-neering, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019

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conducted a transient thermal stress analysis cular segment [71], a trapezoidal segment %of graphite-epoxy laminates; they used a [72], and a rectangular segment with a ). .

one-dimensional finite-difference heat-con- diagonally cut-off corner [73].duction code to predict the temperaturedistribution and a nine-node finite element Preobrazhenskii and Shasalimov [74-76] . ..for the resulting mechanical response. analyzed the effects of the presence of

circular holes and notches on free vibrationSoovere [ condued theoretical and of rectangular plates; Laura and Guiterrezexperimental investigations of the effect of [77] studied the effects of the presence of

acoustic/thermal environments on integrally central inserts of rectangular or circularstiffened graphite-epoxy panels for aircraft shape.fuselage application. He pointed out thatsonic-fatigue analysis methods are needed Lamination -- i.e., use of multiple layers atfor the case of muhimodal, nonlinear panel various orientation -- provides the compos-response. ite-structures designer with considerable

design versatility. At the same time, itConsiderable progress has been made in the provides the composite-structures analystaeroelastic analysis and tailoring of com- with considerable complexity, compared withposite plates. The application is in aircraft isotropic materials or even with cylindrical-lifting surfaces, especially forward-swept ly or rectilinearly orthotropic plates. Vari-wings. The three groups presently most ous theoretical or experimentalactive in this area are Hollowell and Du- investigations have been reported [80-843.gundji [401 at MIT, Oyibo [41-441 at Fair- Wearing and Patterson [85] investigated achild Republic, and Weisshaar and Foist vibrational technique to detect nondestruc-[45, 46] at Purdue. tively the presence of delamination. Lin

and co-workers [86] made one of the fewrecent theoretical and experimental investi-

UNBAR ANALYSES OF THIN gations of vibration damping in laminatedCOMPOSITE PLATES plates. Grosveld and Metcalf [87] con-

ducted theoretical and experimental studiesFew structural components have actually on both modal response and noise transmis-been made in the form of cylindrically sion in cross-ply and angle-ply plates.orthotropic (polar orthotropic) plates. The . -

only instances known to the author arereinforcing bosses of filament-wound rock- UNBAR ANALYSES OF THICKct-motor casings and filament-wound en- COMPOSITE AND SANDWICH PLATESergy-storage flywheels. Nevertheless,analytical activity in this area remains Fiber-reinforced composite materials havestrong. Cylindrically orthotropic plates of low transverse (thickness direction) shearuniform thickness have been analyzed [47- moduli relative to their in-plane moduli;52], as have those of varying thickness plates constructed of such materials exhibit[53-56]. considerably more transverse shear defor-

mation than homogeneous, isotropic platesRectilinearly orthotropic plates are easily of the same geometry, loading, and bound-constructed by parallel lamination of as ary conditions. Thus, with respect to trans-many unidirectional layers as required to verse shear deformation, they have an Sachieve a desired thickness. Investigations effective thickness much thicker than theirhave been reported of orthotropic plates of geometric thickness. lyengar and Pandyarectangular planform [57-65], of effects of [88] used Vlasov's method of initial func-static in-plane forces on the vibration of tions to study thick, orthotropic rectangularsuch plates [66-67], and of the effect of plate vibration.parabolic thickness variation [68]. ire'

A number of theories for thick laminatedSpecial geometric complications in rectiline- plates have recently been introduced [89- - -

arly orthotropic plates that have recently 94]. Reddy [95] used the finite elementbeen considered include circular planform method to study the transient response of ":"[69-70], a polygonal planform [69], a cit- thick plates laminated of bimodular compos-

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ire material; such material has different investigated analytically [144] and with W. properties in tension and compression. finite elements [145-1503.

Other she ar-def orm able finite-element* models and analyses of thick, laminated The first nonlinear solution for plates con-* plates ate available [96-105]. taming circular holes has been published

[145, 146]. The nonlinear theory forThe structural advantage of sandwich con- thick, laminated plates introduced recentlystruction over conventional thin plates con- [151] has not yet been applied to solutiontinues to make sandwich plates attractive, of any specific nonlinear problem but hasFree vibration of such panels of rectangular been applied to linear problems [94].planfotm has been investigated [106-108]. Double-wall sandwich panels undergoing ,-...Clarkson and Ranky [109] studied modal large-amplitude vibration have been ana-density, which is important in random exci- lyzed [1523.tation. Kolesnikov and Shalashilin [110]analyzed panels with trapezoidal planform.Soovere 11111 concentrated on stiffened DESIGNhoneycomb-core panels with edges beveledon one side; such treatment is often used in Despite numerous classical and numericalpractical structural applications of such investigations of composite and sandwichpanels. plates, relatively few studies have been

directed to the design of such plates. Thisis unfortunate because the payoff in corn-

Shock response of damped rectangular sand- posites is in design.wich plates has been analyzed E112-1133.Wallace [114] investigated the acoustic Most of these design studies, following thefatigue life of honeycomb-core panels; author's 1977 work [153], are directedOhyoshi [1151 treated wave propagation. toward design to maximize the fundamentalThe acoustic transmission loss of such frequency or to design for frequency con-panels has been predicted [116]. straints [154-160]. Others have been di-

rected toward damped sandwich plates[161] or aerolastic tailoring [43, 45, 46, ,.*-. -

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSES 1623.

When plates deflect mote than approximate- TRENDS AND SUGGESTIONSly one-half the thickness of a plate, espe- FOR FUTURE RESEARCHcially when the plates are constrained inthe plane, they experience significant geo-metric nonlinearity. The nonlinearity is Notable trends in the research reviewedprimarily due to the development of in- here include:plane membrane stresses that effectivelystiffen the plate. Nonlinear dynamic analy- Increased attention to the impact-dam-sea of thin orthotropic plates are summa- age problemrized in the table [117-131].

Increased attention to geometric non-linearity

All of the relatively few analyses that havebeen published on nonlinear vibration of Continuing attention to transversethick orthotropic plates [132-136] have been shear flexibilityfor the case of rectilinearly orthotropicmaterial. Circular planform [132, 133] has Continuing expansion in use of thebeen studied, as has the elliptic planform finite-element method[134-136]. Thin, laminated plates undergo-ing large-amplitude vibrations have been Too much attention to simple cylindri-investigated using Galerkin-type solutions cal orthotropy and rectangular ortho-[137-139] and finite-element solutions [140- tropy as opposed to more practical and143]. Thick, laminated plates have been efficient laminates

...................................................... .-.. --.... ............ ... ...... .......................................................... . . . . .

Analyssr of Lage-Ampliude Vibadeim of 7b Ordanie Plates

Investigator Ref. Planform MatI. Flexural RemarksClass* B.C.'s

Biswas 117 Rectangular RO Hinged In-plane forcesare present

Ohnabe et al 118 Solid circular CO Free Thermoelasticwaves, centrifugallyloaded

Sathyamoorthy 119 Solid circular RO Clamped Two methods ofanalysis

Banerjee 120 Square RO Clamped Has an arbitrarilylocated concentrat-ed mass attached

Chaudhuri 121 Solid circular CO* Clamped Pulse excitation.-

Nowinski 122 Solid circular RO Free Stability of circum-ferential waves,centrifugally loaded

Sathyamoorthy 123 Solid circular RO Clamped Multimode analysis

Nath & Jain 124 Annular circular CO Various Step loading, axi-symmetric response - -

Dumir et al 125 Solid circular CO Elastically Transient loading "'-''Nath et al 126 restrained

Sathyamoorthy 127 Elliptic RO Clamped Multimode analysis

Shilkrut 128 Solid circular CO Various Snapping instability

Dumir et al 129 Annular circular CO Various Transient loading,axisymmetric re-sponse

Dumir et al 130 Annular circular CO Various Transient loading,with finite rigid axisymmetric re-circular mass sponse

Ruei et al 131 Solid circular CO Nonuniform Harmonic excitation

elastic restraint

" The symbols CO and RO denote cylindrically orthotropic & rectangularly orthotropic.The author thought he was treating the RO case.

6

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The author believes that the following as- 5. LId, K.M., "Coefficient of Restitutionpects should be investigated more fully in for Low Velocity Transverse Impact of Thin,.'"'the future: Graphite-Epoxy Laminates," Compos. Tech. •. a,

Rev., 6 (3), pp 112-117 (Fall 1984)...._..

More realistic material models, includ- R. (3p 1-7 a 98ing nonlinear stress-strain relations and 6. Tan, T.M. and Sun, C.T., "Use of Stati-material damping cal Indentation Laws in the Impact Analysis

of Laminated Composite Plates," J. Appl. NAnalyses of geometrically nonlinear Mech., Trans. ASME, U (1), pp 6-12 (Marpanel flutter 1985). a.

Interaction between vibration loading 7. Kunz, R.K., "On the Determination ofand material flaws, including sonic Transient Interlaminar Stresses in a Com-fatigue, fatigue-crack propagation, and posite Laminate Subject to Impact," Mech.residual static strength Res. Commun., i (3), pp 227-232 (May-

June 19 84).Study of the practical effects of edgestiffeners, laminate residual stresses 8. Preobrazhenskii, LN., Sabodash, P.F.,(due to thermal-expansion mismatch), and Rimskii, V.K., "Numerical Simulation ofand material damage on vibrational Dynamic Contact Problems for Plates Maderesponse out of Composite Materials," Mech. Coin-

pos. Marls., .2_ (6), pp 678-681 (Nov-DecIncreased attention to optimization for 1981).multiple criteria [163] and includingmaterial damping 191]. 9. Ramkumar, R.L. and Chen, P.C., "Low-

Velocity Impact Response of LaminatedPlates," 23rd Struc., Struc. Dynam. Matls.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Conf., New Orleans, LA, Pt. 1, pp 352-357(May 10-12, 1982); AIAA J., 21 (10), pp

The author acknowledges the skillful typing 1448-1452 (Oct 1983).of Mrs. Rose Benda.

10. Kim, H.C. and Park, Y.H., "ImpactBehaviour of Quasi-Isotropic CFRP Lami-nate," Prog. Sci. Engrg. Compos., 1, pp

REFERENCES 895-899 (1982).

1. Bert, C.W., "Research on Dynamics of 11. Elber, W., "Failure Mechanics inComposite and Sandwich Plates, 1979-81," Low-Velocity Impacts on Thin CompositeShock Vib. Dig., 11 (10), pp 17-34 (Oct Plates," NASA TP-2152 (1983).1982).

12. Lee, J.D., Du, S., and Liebowitz, i.,2. Reddy, J.N., "Survey of Recent Re- "Three-Dimensional Finite Element andsearch in the Analysis of Composites Dynamic Analysis of Composite LaminatePlates," Compos. Tech. Rev., 4 (3), pp Subjected to Impact," Computers Struc., 1-101-104 (Fall 1P82). (5/6), pp 807-813 (1984).

3. Lal, K.M., "Low Velocity Transverse 13. Caprino, G., Visconti, I.C., and DiImpact Behavior of 8 Ply, Graphite-Epoxy Ilio, A., "Composite Materials ResponseLaminates," J. Reinf. Plastics Compos., 2, under Low-Velocity Impact," Coimpos.pp 216-225 (Oct 1983). Struc., 2 (3), pp 261-271 (1984).

4. La, K.M., "Relationship between Phase 14. Kelkar, A., Elber, W., and Raju, I.S.,Difference and Coefficient of Restitution "Large Deflection Behavior of Quasi-Iso-during Low Velocity Foreign Object Trans- tropic Laminates under Low-Velocity Impactverse Damage of Composite Plates," Coin- Type Point Loading," 26th Struc., Struc.pos. Tech. Rev., ft (3), pp 109-111 (Fall Dynam. Mats. Conf., Orlando, FL, Pt. 1,1984). pp 432-441 (Apr 15-17, 1985).

7

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Al-

15. Chen, J.K. and Sun, C.T., 'Impact 25. Caprino, G., "Residual Strength Predic-Response of Buckled Composite Laminates," tion of Impacted CFRP Laminates," J.Recent Adv. Engrg. Mech. Impact Civil Compos. Marls., 11 (6), pp 508-518 (NovEngrg. Prac., ASCE, 1, pp 515-518 (1983). 1984).

16. Chen, J.K. and Sun, C.T., "Analysis of 26. Jones, R., Baker, A.A., and Callinan,Impact Response of Buckled Composite R.J., "Residual Strength of Impact-DamagedLaminates," Compos. Struc., 3- (2), pp 97- Composites," Compos. Struc., 2 (4), pp118 (1985). 371-372 (1984).

17. Lad, K.M., "Prediction of Residual 27. Guynn, E.G. and O'Brien, T.K., "TheTensile Strength of Transversely Impacted Influence of Lay-up and Thickness onComposite Laminates," Res. Struc. Solid Composite Impact Damage and CompressionMech. - 1982, Washington, DC, NASA CP Strength," 26th Struc., Struc. Dynam., MatIs.2245, pp 97-111 (1982). Conf., Orlando, FL, Pt. 1, pp 187-196 (Apr

15-17, 1985).18. Lal, K.M., "Residual Strength Assess-ment of Low Velocity Impact Damage of 28. Kawata, K., Hashimoto, S., and Tak-Graphite-Epoxy Laminates," J. Reinf. Plas- eda, N., "Dynamic Stress Concentrations intics Compos., 2, pp 226-238 (Oct 1983). Some Composite Strips with a Circular Hole

under High-Velocity Tension," Prog. Sci.19. Takeda, N., Sietakowski, R.L., Mal- Engrg. Compos., I, pp 901-910 (1982).vern, LE., "Microscopic Observations ofCross Sections of Impacted Composite 29. Tani, J. and Doki, H., "Dynamic Sta-Laminates," Compos. Tech. Rev., 4 (2), pp biity of Orthotropic Annular Plates under L --40-44 (Summer 1982). Pulsating Radial Loads," J. Acoust. Soc.

Amer., aZ (3), pp 845-850 (Sept 1982).20. Kan, H.P. and Ratwani, M.M., "Statis-tical Modeling of Ballistic Damage and 30. Chonan, S., "Dynamic Response of aResidual Strength in Composite Structures," Prestressed Orthotropic Thick Plate Strip to24th Struc., Struc. Dynam. Marls. Conf., a Moving Line Load," J. Sound Vib., 21 (3),Lake Tahoe, NV, Pt. 1, pp 594-599 (May pp 427-438 (Apr 8, 1984).2-4, 1983).

31. Austin, C.D., Johnson, W., and Wa- .-21. Stellbrink, K., "On the Behaviour of ters, B.J., "Bursting and Bulging of CarbonImpact Damaged CFRP Laminates," Fibre Fibre Composite Discs," Composites, U1 (4),Sci. Tech., IA (2), pp 81-94 (Feb 1983). pp 383-388 (Oct 1982).

22. Wardle, M.W. and Tokarsky, E.W., 32. Anik'ev, LI., Mikhaiova, M.I., Spisov-"Drop Weight Impact Testing of Laminates skii, A.S., Sushchenko, E.A., and Tsipko,Reinforced with Kevlar Aramid Fibers, A.A., "Reaction of a Five-Layer Polyethyl-E-Glass, and Graphite," Compos. Tech. ene Fiberglass Panel to Static and Shock-Rev., 5- (1), pp 4-10 (Spring 1983). Wave Loading," Mech. Compos. Marls., 1' "

(1), pp 125-130 (Jan-Feb 1983).

23. Shivakumar, K.N., Elber, W., and Illg, -

W., "Analysis of Progressive Damage in 33. Gorman, D.G., "Vibration of ThermallyThin Circular Laminates due to Static- Stressed Polar Orthotropic Annular Plates,"Equivalent Impact Loads," 24th Struc., Earthquake Engrg. Struc. Dynam., 11 (6), pp "Struc. Dynam. Matls. Conf., Lake Tahoe, 843-855 (Nov-Dec 1983).NV, Pt. 2, pp 606-615 (May 2-4, 1983).

34. Tomar, J.S. and Gupta, A.K., "Ther-24. Shivakutnar, K.N., Elber, W., and 111g, ma! Effect on Frequencies of an Orthotrop-W., "Prediction of Low-Velocity Impact ic Rectangular Plate of Linearly VaryingDamage in Thin Circular Laminates," AIAA Thickness," J. Sound Vib., 2 (3), pp 325-j., 2j (3), pp 442-449 (Mar 1985). 331 (8 Oct 1983).

8

e_.. . . . . . . . .. . .Z.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

35. Tomat, J.S. and Gupta, A.K., "Ther- Conf., Orlando, FL, Pt. 2, pp 330-336 (Apt.al Effect on Axisymmetric Vibrations of 15-17, 1985).'

an Orthottopic Circular Plate of VariableThickness," AIAA J., 22 (7), pp 1015-1017 43. Weisshaar, T.A. and Foist, B.L., "Vi-(July 1984). bration and Flutter of Advanced Composite

Lifting Surfaces," 24th Struc., Struc. Dy-36. Tomat, J.S. and Gupta, A.K., "Vibra- nam. Mads. Conf., Pt. 2, Lake Tahoe, NV,tions of an Orthotropic Elliptic Plate of pp 498-508 (May 2-4, 1983).Non-Uniform Thickness and Temperature,"J. Sound Vib., 2A (1), pp 29-35 (8 Sept 46. Weisshaar, T.A. and Foist, B.L., "Vi-1984). bration Tailoring of Advanced Composite

Lifting Surfaces," J. Aircraft, 22 (2), pp37. Tomar, J.S. and Gupta, A.K., "Har- 141-147 (Feb 1985).monic Temperature Effect on Vibrations ofan Orthotropic Plate of Varying Thickness," 47. Avalos, D., Hack, H., and Laura,AIAA J., U3 (4), pp 633-636 (Apr 1985). P.A.A., "Galerkin Method and Azisymmetric.

Vibrations of Polar-Orthotropic Circular38. Sun, C.T. and Chen, J.K., "Transient Plates," AIAA 3., 20 (11), pp 1626-1628Thermal Stress Analysis in Graphite/Epoxy (Nov 1982).Composite Laminates," Theoret. Appl.Mech., Vol. XI, pp 309-328 (Apr 8-9, 1982). 48. Gorman, D.G., "Vibration and Stability

Analysis of Polar Orthotropic Uniform Discs39. Soovere, J., "The Effect of Acoustic- Subjected to Peripheral Hydrostatic Load-Thermal Environments on Advanced Com- ing," J. Sound Vib., Al (4), pp 477-486 (22posite Fuselage Panels," 24th Struc., Struc. Aug 1983). .Dynam. Marls. Conf., Lake Tahoe, NV, Pt.2, pp 466-472 (May 2-4, 1983); J. Aircraft, 49. Narita, Y., "Natural Frequencies of22 (4), pp 257-263 (Apt 1985). Completely Free Annular and Circular

Plates Having Polar Orthotropy," 1. Sound40. Hollowell, S.J. and Dugundji, J., Vib., 2 (1), pp 33-38 (8 Jan 1984)."Aeroelastic Flutter and Divergence ofStiffness Coupled, Graphite/Epoxy, Canti- 50. Narita, Y., "Free Vibration of Continu-levered Plates," 23rd Struc., Struc. Dynam. ous Polar Orthotropic Annular and CircularMarls. Conf., New Orleans, Pt. 2, pp 416- Plates," J. Sound Vib., 21 (4), pp 503-511426 (May 10-12, 1982); J. Aircraft, Z1, pp (22 Apr 1984).69-76 (Jan 1984).

51. Nowinski, J.L., "On the Stability of41. Oyibo, G.A., "Flutter of Orthotropic Waves in a Thin Orthotropic Spinning Disk,"Panels in Supersonic Flow Using Affine J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, 19 (3), ppTransformations," AIAA J., 21 (2), pp 283- 570-572 (Sept 1982).289 (Feb 1983); discussion, 22 (4), pp 574-575 (Apt 1984). 52. Oyibo, G.A. and Brunelle, E.J., "Vibra-

tions of Circular Orthotropic Plates in Af-42. Oyibo, G.A., "Unified Aerodlastic Flu- fine Space," AIAA J., 22 (2), pp 296-300ter Theory for Very Low Aspect Ratio (Feb 1985).Panels," AIAA J., 1 (11), pp 1581-1587(Nov 1983). 53. Laura, P.A.A., Avalos, D.R., and

Galles, C.D., "Vibrations and Elastic Stabil-43. Oyibo, G.A., "Generic Approach to ity of Polar Orthotropic Circular Plates ofDetermine Optimum Aeroelastic Character- Linearly Varying Thickness," J. Sound Vib., "istics for Composite Forward-Swept-Wing 2 (1), pp 151-156 (8 May 1982).Aircraft," AIAA J., 22 (1), pp 117-123 (Jan1984).

54. Lal, R. and Gupta, U.S., "Axisymmet-44. Oyibo, G.A. and Berman, J.H., "Influ- ic Vibrations of Polar Orthotropic Annularence of Warpage on Composite Aeroelasic Plates of Variable Thickness," J. SoundTheories," 26th Struc., Struc. Dynam. Madis. Vib., 81 (2), pp 229-240 (22 July 1982).

9

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.......................... * . .. ... ...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .

_7u~~~ 7 _. .• ~."1 7

-" 5. Rajguru, A. and Sundaratajan, V., Rectangular Plates," Fibre Sci. Tech., 21- "Vibration of a Rotating Orthotropic Disk," (1), pp 73-81 (1984).

" J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, M9 (3), pp654-656 (Sept 1982). 65. Nowinski, J.L., "On the Liapunov-Mov-

. chan Stability of Equilibrium of Elastic56. Gorman, D.G., "Natural Frequencies of Orthotropic Plates," Acts Mech., jU (1-2), i" --Transverse Vibration of Polar Orthotropic pp 27-38 (1983).

% Variable Thickness Annular Plates," J.Sound Vib., J (1), pp 47-60 (8 Jan 1983). 66. Gutierrez, R.H. and Laura, P.A.A.,

"Fundamental Frequency of Ortiotropic57. Paliunas, V. and Vysniauskiene, Z., Plates Subject to In-Plane Shear Forces,""Natural Frequencies of Transversal Oscilla- Fibre Sci. Tech., J (2), pp 149-156 (Febtions, Deflections and Tensions of the Con- 1982).

-" structive-Orthotropic Plate," Vibrotechnika, I"(31), pp 31-40 (1981). 67. Chelladurai, T., Shastry, B.P., and

Rao, G.V., "Effect of Fibre Orientation on58. Grossi, R.O. and Laura, P.A.A., the Initially Stressed Vibration Behaviour of"Anomaly Observed in the Approximate Orthotropic Rectangular Plates," Fibre Sci. 'Analysis of Vibrating Rectangular Plates Tech., 21 (3), pp 247-253 (1984).with Edges Elastically Restrained against

- Rotation and Translation," Appl. Acoust., 1. 68. Tomar, J.S., Sharma, R.K., and Gupta,(3), pp 223-229 (May 1982). D.C., "Transverse Vibrations of Nonuniform

Rectangular Orthotropic Plates," AIAA J.,59. Green, W.A., "Bending Waves in 21 (7), pp 1050-1053 (July 1983).

Strongly Anisotropic Elastic Plates," Quart.J. Mech. Appl. Math., 15 (4), pp 483-507 69. Narita, Y., "Flexural Vibrations of(Nov 1982). Clamped Polygonal and Circular Plates

Having Rectangular Orthotropy," J. Appl.60. Jensen, D.W., Crawley, E.F., and Mech., Trans. ASME, 50 (3), pp 691-692 %Dugundji, J., "Vibration of Cantilevered (Sept 1983).Graphite/Epoxy Plates with Bending-TorsionCoupling," J. Rein. Plastics Compos., 1 (3), 70. Dong, S.B. and Lopez, A.E., "Naturalpp 254-269 (July 1982). Vibrations of a Clamped Circular Plate with

Rectilinear Orthotropy by Least Square61. Jensen, D.W. and Crawley, E.F., Collocation," 1983 Adv. Aerospace Struc.,

" "Comparison of Frequency Determination Mails., Dynam., ASME Publ. AD-06, ppTechniques for Cantilevered Plates with 147-155 (Nov 1983).Bending-Torsion Coupling," 24th Struc.,Struc. Dynam. Marls. Conf., Lake Tahoe, 71. Irie, T., Yamada, G., and Kobayashi,NV, Pt. 2, pp 737-743 (May 2-4, 1983); Y., "Free Vibration of Circular-Segment-AIAA J., 22 (3), pp 415-420 (Mar 1984). Shaped Membranes and Plates of Rectangu-

lar Orthotropy," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 7"62. Okan, M.B., "Free and Damped Vibra- (6), pp 2034-2040 (June 1983).

. tions of an Orthotropic Rectangular Platewith One Edge Free While the Rest are 7Z. Narita, Y., Maruyama, K., and Sonada,Elastically Restrained Against Rotation," M., "Transverse Vibration of Clamped Trap-Ocean Engrg., 9 (2), pp 127-134 (1982); ezoidal Plates Having Rectangular Orthotro-discussion, I0 (2), p 139 (1983). py," J . Sound Vib., A_ (3), pp 315-322 (8

Dec 19 82).63. Caldersmith, G. and Rossing, T.D.,"Determination of Modal Coupling in Vibrat- 73. Verniere de Irassar, P.L., Ficcadenti,ing Rectangular Plates," Appl. Acoust., 17 G.M., and Laura, P.A.A., "Transverse Vi-

* (1), pp 33-44 (1984). brations of Rectangular Orthotropic Plateswith the Edges Elastically Restrained '.-

64. Chelladurai, T., Shastry, B.P., and against Rotation and a Free, Straight Cor-Rao, G.V., "Effect of Fibre Orientation on ncr Cut-Out," Fibre Sci. Tech., J6 (4), ppthe Vibration Behaviour of Orthotropic 247-259 (June 1982).

* 10

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*. * . * .7 N

74. Preobrazhenskii, LN. nad Shasalimov, Equation Technique," J. Sound Vib., .1 (2),Zh.Sh., "Vibrations of Plates of Composite pp 143-150 (22 July 1984).Materials with Holes," Mech. Compos.Marl., 17 (5), pp 533-536 (Sept-Oct 1981. 85. Wearing, I.L. and Patterson, C., "Vi-bration Testing of Composite Materials," "-- '

75. Preobrazhenskii, LN. and Shasalimov, Compos. Struc., Ist Conf., Paisley, Scot-Zh.Sh., "Calculation of Natural Vibration land, pp 463-474 (Sept 1981). .- 'Frequencies for Anisottopi¢ Plates with "'; '

Holes," Mech. Compos. Marls., 18 (5), pp 86. Lin, D.X,, Ni, R.G., and Adams, R.D.,540-541 (Sept-Oct 1982). "Prediction and Measurement of the Vibta-

tional Damping Parameters of Carbon Glass76. Preobrazhenskii, LN., Shasalimov, Fibre-Reinforced Plastics Plates," J. Corn-Zh.Sh., "Effect of Boundary Conditions on po. Marls., 1, pp 132-145 (Mat 1984).the Natural-Vibtation Frequency of Ottho-.-" "

tropic Rectangular Plates with Notches," 87. Groaveld, F.W. and Metcalf, V.L.,Mech. Campos. Matls., 1A (1), pp 56-59 "Modal Response and Noise Transmission of(Jan-Feb 1982). Composite Panels," 26th Struc., Struc.

Dynam. Maths. Conf., Orlando, FL, Pt. 2,77. Laura, P.A.A. and Guiterrez, R.H., pp 617-627 (Apr 15-17, 1985).

"TrnsvrseVibatinsof Orthotropic, Non-Homogeneous Rectangular Plates," Fibre 88. Iyengar, K.T.S.R. and Pandya, S.K.,Sci. Tech., (2), pp 125-133 (1984). "Vibrations of Orthotropic Rectangular Thick

Plates," Indl. J. Struc., Z. (4), pp 149-15678. Chandrashekata, S., "Free Vibration (Oct-Dec 1982).

* Analysis of Layered Plates and Composites -

by a Mixed Method: State Space Approach," 89. Mengi, Y. and Turhan, D., "A HigherPh.D. dissertation, Georgia Lnst. Tech. Order Dynamic Theory for Viscoelastic(1982). Plates and Layered Composites," 1. Sound

Vib., IL2 (3), pp 311-320 (8 Feb 1984).79. Hirano, Y. and Fukunaga, H., "Vibra-tion Characteristics of Laminated Composite 90. Bhimaraddi, A. and Stevens, L.K., "APlates," Prog. Sci. Engrg. Compos., L, PP Higher Order Theory for Free Vibration of431-438 (1982). Orthotropic, Homogeneous, and Laminated

Rectangular Plates," 21 (1), pp 195-198*80. Kolpakov, A.G., "Effective Rigidities (Mar 19 84).

of Composite Plates," J. Appl. Math. Mech.(PMM), JA (4), pp 529-535 (1982). 91. Fedorenko, Yu.M., "Forced Vibrations

of Nonuniform Plates," Strength Mcdis., U1.81. Pillasch, D.W., Majerus, J.N., and (8), pp 976-979 (Aug 1981).Zak, A.R., "Dynamic Finite Element Modelfor Laminated Structures," Adv. Trends 92. Reddy, J.N., "An Accurate PredictionStruc. Solid Mech., NY, Pergamon (1982); of Natural Frequencies of Laminated PlatesComputers Struc., 1j (1-4), pp 449-455 by a Higher-Order Theory," 1983 Adv.

* (1983). Aerospace Struc., Matis., Dynam., ASMEPubl. AD-06, pp 157-162 (Nov 1983).

82. Bufler, H. and Kennerknecht, H., "Pre-strained Elastic Laminates: Deformations, 93. Stein, M. and Jegley, D.C., "Effects ofStability and Vibrations," Act& Mech., Al Transverse Shearing on Cylindrical Bending,(1-2), pp 1-30 (1983). Vibration, and Buckling of Laminated

Plates," 26th Struc., Struc. Dynam. Mat[&.83. Dugdale, D.S., "Vibration Modes of a Conf., Orlando, FL, Pt. 1, pp 505-515 (AprDisc of Wood Laminate," Intl. J. Engrg. 15-17, 1985).Sci., U2 (1), pp 77-86 (1984).

94. Reddy, J.N., "On the Solutions to84. Srinivasan, R.S., Ranganath, D., and Forced Motions of Rectangular CompositeThiruvenkatachari, V., "Vibration Analysis of Plates," J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, 49 -'.-'..-Composite Annular Plates by an Integral (2), pp 403-408 (June 1982).

11 ..

.2 .-.

95. Reddy, J.N., "Transient Response of ments," 26th Struc., Struc. Dynam. Marda.*Laminated, Bimodular-Material, Composite Conf., Orlando, FL, Pt. 1, pp 394-400 (Apr

Rectangular Plates," J. Compos. Matla., 1A, 15-17, 1985).

pp 19-15 (Mr 192).106. Markus, S. and Danek, 0., "A Note

96. Macwal, A., "A Finite Element Method on Free Bending Modes of Vibrations of afor Construction of Dynamical Theories of Rectangular Sandwich Plate," Strojnicky *

Layered Plates," 1982 Adv. Aerospace Casopis, IL (1), pp 65-77 (19 SI).* ~Struc. Matls., ASME Pubi. AD-03, pp 13-17. -

(Nov 19 82). 107. Chong, I.P.. Cheung, Y. K., andTham, L.G., "Free Vibration of Formed .

97. Macwal, A., "A Finite Element Method Sandwich Panel," J. Sound Vib., IL (4), ppfor Construction of Dynamical Theories of 575-582 (22 Apr 1982).Layered Plates," Computer Methods Appl.Mech. Engrg., AL., pp 149-165 (1984). 108. Lin, D.S., Ni, R.G., and Adams,

R.D., '"The Vibration Analysis of Carbon98. Reddy, J.N., "Dynamic (Transient) Fibre-Glass Fibre Sandwich Hybrid Compos-Analysis of Layered Anisotropic Compos- ite Plates," 26th Struc., Struc. Dynam.ite-Material Plates," Intl. J. Numer. Methods Matls. Conf., Orlando, FL, Pt. 2, pp 120-Engrg., M2 (2), pp 237-255 (Feb 1983). 125 (Apr 15-17, 1985).

99. Reddy, J.N. and Putcha, N.S., "Dy- 109. Clarkson, B.L. and Ranky, M.F.,namic Response of Composite Plates by a "Modal Density of Honeycomb Plates," J.

*3-D Element," Recent Adv. Engrg. Mech. Sound Vib., 21. (1), pp 103-118 (8 NovImpact Civil Engrg. Prac., ASCE, Vol. 1, pp 1983).503-506 (May 1983).

110. Kolesnikov, L and Shalashilin, V.,100. Teh, K.K., Brown, K.C., and Jones, "Solving Free Vibrto Frequencies and

*R., "On the Three-Dimensional Analysis of Modes of Sandwich Trapezoidal Plates,"Thick Laminated Plates," J. Sound Vib., MA Vibrotechnika, 2. (36), pp 39-47 (1981).

(2) pp2 1-22 (2 Ma 193).111. Soovere, j., "Vibration Analysis of

101. Reddy, J.N., "A Note on Symmetry Stiffened Honeycomb Panels with BeveledConsiderations in the Transient Response of Edges," AIAA Paper 85-0603-CP (Apr

*Unsy mmetric ally Laminated Anisotropic 1985).* Plates," Intl. J. Numer. Methods Engrg., 2&

(1), pp 175-194 (Jan 1984). 112. Grover, A.S. and Kapur, A.D., "Shock .

Response of internally Damped Laminated102. Reddy, J.N. and Kuppusamy, T., Plates," Strojnicky Casopis, J1 (5), pp 513-

*"Natural Vibrations of Laminated Anisotropic 527 (1982).Plates," J. Sound Vib., 2A (1), pp 63-69 (8M May 19 84). 113. Grover, A.S. and Kapur, A.D., "Shock

Response of Visco elastic ally Damped Sand-*103, Putcha, N.S. and Reddy, J.N., "On wich Plates," J. Sound Vib., Al (3), pp

Dynamics of Laminated Anisotropic Plates 355-364 (8 Dec 1982).Using a Refined Mixed Plate Element,"1984 Adv. Aerospace Sci. Engrg., ASME 114. Wallace, C.E., "Acoustic Fatigue Life

*Pubi. AD-08, pp 161-169 (Dec 1984). Analysis: Honeycomb Panels Subjected toDiffuse and Progressive Random Acoustic

*104. Jones, R., Callinan, R., Teh, K.K., Waves," 24th Struc., Struc. Dynam. Marls.and Brown, K.C., "Analysis of Multi-Layer Conf., Lake Tahoe, NV, Pt. 2, pp 632-636Laminates Using Three-Dimensional Super- (May 2-4, 1983).Elements," Intl. J. Numcr. Methods Engrg.,2& (3), pp 583-587 (Mar 1984). 115. Ohyoshi, T., "Energy Propagation

Velocity of Elastic Waves in Sandwich105. DiSciuva, M., "Evaluation of Some Layer," ASME Paper 84-WA/NCA-5 (DecMultilayered, Shear-Def orm able Plate Ele- 1984).

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116. Dym, C.L. and Lang, D.C., "Trans- 126. Nath, Y., Dumir, P.C., and Gandhi,mission Loss of Damped Asymmetric Sand- M.L., "Non-Linear Axisymmetric Transientwich Panels with Orthotropic Cores," J. Analysis of an Orthottopic Thin CircularSound Vib., J. (3), pp 299-319 (8 June Plate with an Elastically Restrained Edge,"1983). J. Sound Vib., 21 (1), pp 85-96 (8 July

1984).117. Biswas, P., "Non-Linear Vibrations ofOrthotropic Rectangular Plates under In- 127. Sathyamoorthy, M., "Non-LinearPlane Forces," J. Aeronaut. Soc. India, 1_ Dynamic Analysis of Orthotropic Elliptical -'(3-4), p~q 103-105 (Aug-Nov 1981). Plates," Fibre Sci. Tech., Zk (2), pp, 135-142 '

(1984).V118. Ohnabc, H., Funatogawa, 0., andNowinski, J.L., "Stability of Nonlinear 128. Shilkrut, D., "Stability and Vibrations ,V~ .Thermoelastic Waves in Spinning Anisotropic of Geometrically Nonlinear CylindricallyMembrane Disks," Prog. Sci. Engrg. Com- Orthotropic Circular Plates," J. Appl.pos., Vol. 1, pp 423-430 (1982). Mech., Trans. ASME, U (2), pp 354-360

(June 1984).119. Sathyamoorthy, M., "Nonlinear Vibra-tion of Orthotropic Circular Plates -- A 129. Dumir, P.C., Gandhi, M.L., and Nath,Comparison," Fibre Sci. Tech., JA (2), pp Y., "Nonlinear Axisymmetric Transient111-119 (Feb 1982). Analysis of Orthotropit Thin Annular

Plates," Fibre Sci. Tech., 21 (1), pp 23-40120. Banerjee, B., "Large Amplitude Vibra- (1984).tions of a Clamped Orthotropic Square PlateCarrying a Concentrated Mass," J. Sound 130. Dumit, P.C., Nath, Y., and Gandhi,Vib., AL (3), pp 329-333 (8 June 1982). M.L., "Non-Linear Axisymmetric Transient

Analysis of Orthotropic Thin Annular Plates121. Chaudhuri, S.K., "Note on Non-Linear with a Rigid Central Mass," J. Sound Vib.,Dynamic Response of a Clamped Orthorop- 2 (3), pp 387-397 (8 Dec 1984).ic Circular Plate to Pulse Excitations," J.Sound Vib., 8k (3), pp 439-441 (8 Feb 131. Ruci, K.H., Jiang, C., and Chia,1983). C.Y., "Dynamic and Static Nonlinear Analy-

.sis of Cylindrically Orthotropic Circular122. Nowinski, J.L., "On the Stability of Plates with Nonuniform Edge Constraints,"Nonlinear Circumferential Waves in a Spin- Zeit. ange. Math. Phys., U (3), pp 387-400

' ning Rectilinearly Orthotropic Disk," Intl. J. (1984).Mech. Sci., j2 (3), pp 191-198 (1983).

132. Sathyamootthy, M. and Chia, C.Y.,123. Sathyamoorthy, M., "Nonlinear Analy- "Nonlinear Flexural Vibration of Moderatelysis of Composite Circular Plates," 24th Thick Orthotropic Circular Plates," Ing.-Struc., Struc. Dynam., MatIs. Conf., Lake Arch., U2 (3/4), pp 237-243 (1982).

. Tahoe, NV, Pt. 2, pp 693-696 (May 2-4,1983). 133. Sathyamootthy, M., "Vibration of """"""

Orthotropic Thick Circular Plates," AIAA*" 124. Nath, Y. and Jain, R.K., "Non-Linear J., 22 (6), pp 851-854 (June 1984).* Dynamic Analysis of Orthotropic Annular

Plates Resting on Elastic Foundations," 134. Sathyamoorthy, M. and Ptasad, M.E.,Earthquake Engrg. Struc. Dynam., 14 (6), pp "A Multiple-Mode Approach to Large-Ampli-785-796 (Nov-Dec 1983). rude Vibration of Moderately Thick Ellipti-

cal Plates," J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME,51 (1), pp 153-158 (Mar 1984).

125. Dumir, P.C., Gandhi, M.L., and Nath,Y., "Nonlinear Static and Transient Analysisof Orthottopic Thin Circular Plates with 135. Sathyamoorthy, M., "Multiple ModeElastically Restrained Edge under Central Non-Linear Dynamic Analysis of ThickLoad," J. Compos. Marls., 17 (6), pp 478- Orthotropic Elliptical Plates," J. Sour' Vib., ''

* 491 (Nov 1983). ._i (3), pp 353-361 (8 Oct 1984). .. ,.-.

13

...............................................................-........". .. . . -. i : i . . . , . . _ . . . . . - - . - . - " ' .

Z~~ 7- mz rkm.

136. Sathyamocethy, M., "Multiple Mode gular Cutouts," Theoret. Appl. Mech., XL. ppNonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Composite 329-340 (Apr 8-9, 1982).Moderately Thick Elliptical Plates," 26thStruc., Struc. Dynam. Matis. Conf., Orlan- 146. Reddy, J.N., "Large Amplitude Flex-do, FL, Pt. 2, pp 201-207 (Apr 15-17, ural Vibration of Layered Composite Plates1985). with Cutouts," J. Sound Vib., 8I (1), pp ..

1-10 (8 July 1982).137. Bhattacharya, A.P. and Sivakumaran,K.S., "Nonlinear Flexural Vibrations of Ini- 147. Reddy, J.N. and Chao, W.C., "Non- ,.tially Deflected Cross-Ply Laminated Plates linear Oscillations of Laminated, Anisotrop- '.-with Elastically Restrained Edges," Fibre ic, Rectangular Plates," ]. Appl. Mech.,Sci. Tech., 17 (3), pp 157-168 (Nov 1982). Trans. ASME, AR (2), pp 396-402 (June

1982).138. Bhattacharya, A.P., "Effects of EdgeRestraints on the Non-Linear Flexural Vi- 148. Reddy, J.N., "Nonlinear Transientbrations of Cross-Ply Laminated Plates Analysis of Composite Plates," Mech.Resting on Elastic Foundation," unpublished Compos. Rev., pp 126-131 (Oct 5-7, 1982).

* manuscript, Dept. Mech. Engrg., Univ. WestIndies, St. Augustine, Trinidad (1984). 149. Reddy, J.N., "Geometrically Nonlinear

Transient Analysis of Laminated Composite139. Chia, C.Y., "Large Amplitude Vibra- Plates," AIAA J., 21 (4), pp 621-629 (Aprtions of Laminated Rectangular Plates," 1983).Fibre Sci. Tech., 17 (2), pp 123-131 (Sept .1982). 150. Chao, W.C., "Geometrically Nonlinear

Analysis of Layered Composite Plates and140. Wentz, K.R., Paul, D.B., and Mci, Shells," Ph.D. dissertation, Engrg. Sci.C., "Large Deflection Random Response of Mech., VPI (Mar 1983).Symmetric Laminated Composite Plates,"Shock Vib. Bull., U.S. Naval Res. Lab., 151. Stein, M., "Nonlinear Theory forProc. 52, Pt. 5, pp 99-111 (May 1982). Laminated and Thick Plates and Shells In-

cluding the Effects of Transverse Shearing,"141. Mci, C. and Wentz, K.R., "Large 26th Struc., Struc. Dynam. Mals. Conf.,Amplitude Random Response of Angle-Ply Orlando, FL, Pt. 1, pp 259-266 (Apr 15-17,Laminated Composite Plates," AIAA J., 20 1985).(10), pp 1450-1458 (Oct 1982).

152. Vaicaitis, R. and Hong, H.-K., "Non-142. Mci, C., Shen, M.-H., and Cunning- linear Response of Double Wall Sandwichham, F.M., "Large-Amplitude Vibration of Panels," 24th Struc., Struc. Dynam. Mails.Laminated Composite Plates of Arbitrary Conf., Lake Tahoe, NV, Pt. 2, pp 697-713

* Shape," 24th Struc., Struc. Dynam. Mails. (May 2-4, 1983).*'. Conf., Lake Tahoe, NV, Pt. 2, pp 685-692 . -

(May 2-4, 1983). 153. Bert, C.W., "Optimal Design of aComposite-Material Plate to Maximize Its

- 143. Mci, C. and Chiang, C.K., "Finite Fundamental Frequency," J. Sound Vib., 0,.Element Nonlinear Forced Vibration Analy- (2), pp 229-237 (22 Jan 1977). _ _

sis of Symmetrically Laminated CompositeRectangular Plates," 26th Struc., Struc. 154. Rao, G.V., Narayanaswami, R., andDynam. Mals. Conf., Orlando, FL, Pt. 2, Raju, K.K., "Optimisation of a Simply Sup-pp 208-217 (Apr 15-17, 1985). ported Orthotropic Circular Plate Subjected

to a Constraint on the Fundamental Fre-144. Sivakumaran, K.S. and Chia, C.Y., quency," Fibre Sci. Tech., 12 (1), pp 1-8"Nonlinear Vibration of Generally Laminated (July 1982). NAnisotropic Thick Plates," Ing.-Arch., 5A.(3), pp 220-231 (1984). 155. Raju, K.K. and Rao, G.V., "Optimisa-

tion of Cylindrically Orthotropic Annular145. Reddy, J.N., "Non-Linear Vibration of Plates with Simply Supported Edges Sub-Rectangular Composite Plates with Rectan- jected to a Constraint on Fundamental

14

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Frequency," Fibre Sci. Tech., Li(3), pp 160. Mesquita, L.C. and Kamat, M.P.,227-232 (Nov 1982). "Optimal Design of Stiffened Laminated

Composite Plates with Frequency Con-156. Rao, G.V. and Raju, K.K., "Optimiza- strairts," 26th Struc., Struc. Dynam. Matis.tion of Cylindrically Orthotropic Circular Cord., Orlando, FL, Pt. 1, pp 825-833 (AptPlates Including Geometric Non-Linearity 15-17, 1985).with a Constraint on the Fundamental Fre- -*

quency," Computers Struc., [1 (2), pp 301- 161. Kienholz, D.A., Johnson, C.D., and305 (1984). Parekh, J.C., "Design Methods for Visco-

157.Sam P.. an Iynga, N..R. "Oti- elastically Damped Plates," 24th Struc., '

15 . SniP.. ad lengrN.GR.,"Opi- Struc. Dynam. Marls. Conf., Lake Tahoe,mal Design of Clamped Laminated Compos- NV, Pt. 2, pp 334-343 (May 2-4, 1983). ___

ite Plates," Fibre Sci. Tech., Uj (4), pp* 281-296 (1983).

162. Beiner, L. and Librescu, L., "Mini-*158. Adali, S., "Muhiobjective Design of mum-Weight Design of an Orthotropic Shear

an Antisymmetric Angle-Ply Laminates by Panel with Fixed Flutter Speed," AIAA J.,* Nonlinear Programming," J. Mechi., Trans., 2.1 (7), pp 1015-1016 (July 1983); discus-

Automat. Des., Trans. ASME, In~ (2), pp sion, 21 (5), pp 733-734 (May 1984).214-219 (June 1983).

159. Adali, S., "Design of Shear-Deform- 163. Bert, C.W., "Optimal Design of Coin-able Antisym metric Angle-Ply Laminates to posite-Material Panels f or Business Air-

*Maximize the Fundamental Frequency and craft," SAE Business Aircraft Mtg., Wichita,*Frequency Separation," Compos. Struc., 2. KS (Mar 29 -Apr 1, 1977); SAE Paper

(4), pp 349-369 (1984). 770453.

survey and analysis .. ,.'

LITERATURE REVIEW: o, o analysis:.,....ofthe Shock andL Vibration literature

The monthly Literature Review, a subjective critique and summary of the lit-eratute, consists of two to four reviews each month, 3,000 to 4,000 words inlength. The purpose of this section is to present a "digestS' of literature over a *-,.

period of three years. Planned by the Technical Editor, this section providesthe DIGEST reader with up-to-date insights into current technology in morethan 150 topic areas. Review articles include technical information from ":articles, reports, and unpublished proceedings. Each article also contains aminor tutorial of the technical area under discussion, a survey and evaluationof the new literature, and recommendations. Review articles are written byexperts in the shock and vibration field.

k.

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DAMPING IN STRUCTURAL JOINTS

C.F. Beards*.' . % .\

Abstract. Joint damping is the major the results are of a qualitative nature but,source of inhcrent structural damping, nevertheless, have been useful for showingBecame of increasing demands fo higher trends and optima and for modeling the -.damping, joints must be carefully con- macro-slip regime. Some simplification oftrolled to yield the maximum damping the analysis has been thought desirablecompatible with the duty of the structure. because multiple lock-ups per cycle haveTo this end, refined analyses of damping been found when two bodies with dry fric-and force transfer mechanisms in joints are tion contact have been subjected to simple .. :"--

being developed, and the range of applica- harmonic motion [6]; in addition, large. tion of joint damping is being increased, fluctuations have occurred in the measured

dynamic normal and friction contact forcesduring sliding [7]. Studies of friction slip

Most engineering structures require substan- [8], the dry friction damping mechanism• tial damping if they are to operate with [9, 10], and beams with friction damping

acceptable dynamic stress levels. Because at the end joints [11] have also providedthe major source of inherent damping in information. A component mode analysis

, fabricated structures arises in structural with nonlinear friction damper has beenjoints, damping in such joints has been a carried out [12].

*" significant research topic for several years.The single point contact between joint inter-

* In a previous study of damping in structural faces that has been considered [13] is ajoints [I], it was concluded that, because more realistic model than simple lineariza-of the high energy sources now available dion, however, and this approach could beand the low noise and vibration levels extended to a finite element analysis. The -demanded, increased reliance on joint approach is used to derive the equations ofdamping had become inevitable, as had the motion; the nonlinearities due to friction areneed to design more damping into structural represented by a pseudo-force vector. Ajoints. However, although the damaging theoretical joint model has been used toeffects of fretting corrosion can be con- simulate the system [14]. An idealizedtrolled to some extent, and they may be contact of a number of spherical asperities

" preferable to the high vibration and sttess of gaussian height distribution is made withlevels that would otherwise exist in the flat surfaces. Each asperity contact isstructure, joint damping is rarely used effi- allowed either to deform elastically andciently because the small relative motions plastically or to slide. Some of the experi-necessary between the joint interfaces can mental results show quantitative agreement,cause corrosion, loss of stiffness, and diffi- which is a considerable advantage of thiscult design and analysis problems [2, 3]. method of analysis.

JOINT ANALYSIS The characteristics of interface surfaceshave been modeled [15]. A finite element .

The damping that occurs in a joint sub- model was derived and applied to a cantile-jected to relative interfacial slip is due to a ver bolted to a rigid base to analyze the

" complex process of elastic and plastic de- force distribution in a joint. A lumpedformation of contacting asperities, micro- parameter analysis method has also beenslip and macro-slip [4, 5]. Analysis meth- proposed [16]. The forced response of aods have often linearized the slip process; frictionally damped beam has also been

*Imperial College of Science a Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, LondonSW7 ZBX, England

17

.............................. ... ... ..

a

calculated approximately using the finite has been studied [32]. The structuralelement method [17). damping can be analyzed by a linear hys-

teretic model for circular plates. An inter-Excitation has generally been considered to eating application of the friction damping ofbe harmonic. A stochastic analysis [18] plate type structure has been in the controland a seismic analysis [19] of a structure of noise emitted by a diesel engine oilwith friction joints have been published. sump [33).

Fretting corrosion is an important consid-eration. Conditions that tend to accelerate CONCLUSIONSfretting wear also tend to accelerate fret-ting fatigue failures t20). No firm conclu- It is becoming increasingly important tosions have been reached on the correlation control the dynamic performance of a wide .of coating effectiveness in fretting wear range of structures by optimizing the fric-and fretting fatigue although environmental tion damping in joints. Joint damping haseffects have been studied [21). Such ef- important application in the vibration offects may have important applications, par- beams, cantilevers, braced frameworks, gasticularly to outdoor structures, turbines, engine sumps, and other struc-

tures.Simple models of joints obtained frommeasured force transfer behavior have also Linearized analyses, suitable for the macro-been devised [22). Formulation of the slip regime, are no longer sufficientlymodel coefficients with equivalent lineariza- accurate for many joints. Clamping forcestion maintained the nonlinear features with are such that current models of joint damp-adequate accuracy and significantly reduced ing must include the random nature ofthe difficulty of the analysis. However, the asperity contact, elastic and plastic defor-value of the analysis is reduced because matrion of asperities, and both micro-slipmeasured joint data are used. and macro-slip.

STRUCTURAL RESPONSE REFERENCESA comprehensive theoretical and experimen- 1. Beards, C.F., "Damping in Structural

tal assessment of the forced response of a Joints," Shock Vib. Dig., 14 (6), pp 9-11

cantilever beam with a dry friction damper (1982).attached resulted in some quantitative cor-relation; the agreement was mostly qualita- 2. Beards, C.F., "Damping in Structuralive, however [23). Study of the response Joints," Shock Vib. Dig., U1 (9), pp 35-41

of friction damped braced frames [24] led (1979).to a proposal that friction devices should beintroduced in the bracing system of framed 3. Beards, C.F., "Friction Damping Studiesbuildings to increase earthquake resistance, at Imperial College," USAF VibrationFurther work on the control of frame vi- Damping Workshop, Long Beach, CA (1984).bration by increased friction damping injoints showed that a reduction in frame 4. Beards, C.F., "The Damping of Struc-response of 21 dB could be obtained [25). tural Vibration by Controlled Interfacial SlipA linearized analysis provided useful but in Joints," J. Vib. Acoust. Stress Rel. Des.,limited information. Friction damping has Trans. ASME, U5 (3), pp 369-373 (1983).also been used to control the dynamic re-sponse of a flexible rotor [26]. Friction 5. Beards, C.F., "Damping in Structures,"damping of flutter in gas turbine aerofoils, Noise Vib. Control, U5 (6), pp 185-187the forced response of bladed disc assem- (1984).blies, and the response of turbine bladeshave been studied at some length [27-31).

6. Pratt, T.K. and Williams, R., "Non-Lin-The friction damping of laminated flat ear Analysis of Stick/Slip Motion," J. Soundplates that are rivetted or bolted together Vib., 7A (4), pp 531-542 (1981).

18" ""

..... ........ ...................... . ..

7. Soom, A. and Kim, C-H., "The Me&- State Finite Element Analyses of the Forced

surement of Dynamic Normal and Frictional Response of a Frictionally Damped Beam," .

Contact Forces during Sliding," ASME DET ASME Conf., Dearborn, MI, Paper 83-DFT-

Conf., Hartford, Paper 81-DET-40 (1981). 24 (1983). ."

8. Comninou, M. and Barber, J.R., "Fric- 18. Qian-Li, Tian, Yu-Bio, Liu, and Da-

tional Slip between a Layer and a Substrate Kang, Liu, "Stochastic Dynamic Analysis of

due to a Periodic Tangential Surface a Structure with Frictional Joints," Shock

Force," Intl. J. Solid Struc., 19 (6), pp Vib. Bull., U.S. Naval Res. Lab., Proc. 53,

5 33-5 39 (1983). Pt. 3, pp 11-17 (1984). \

9. Srinivasan, A.V. and Cutts, D.G., "Dry 19. Shah, V.N. and Gilmore, C.B., "Seismic

Friction Damping Mechanisms in Engine Analysis of Structures with Coulomb Fric-

Blades," 1. Engrg. Power, Trans. ASME, 10. tion," J. Pressure Vessel Tech., Trans.

(2), pp 332-341 (1983). ASME, J.0 (2), pp 171-178 (1983).

10. Zmitrowicz, A., "A Vibration Analysis 20. Bill, R.C., "Fretting Wear and Fretting

of a Turbine Blade System Damped by Dry Fatigue -- How are They Related?" . -

Friction Forces," Intl. J. Mech. Sci., 11 Lubric. Tech., Trans. ASME, In5 (2), pp

(12), pp 741-761 (1981). 230-238 (19 83).

11. Whiston, G.S., "Vibration with Dynamic 21. Jarfall, L. and Magnussen, A., "Fatigue

Friction," J. Sound Vib., §1 (3), pp 395-404 Testing of Bolted Joints in Humid Air and

(1980). Alternating Immersion," Aero. Res. Inst.Sweden, Stockholm, Rept. No. FFA-TN-

12. Dowell, E.H., "The Behaviour of a 1982-34 (1982).Linear, Damped Modal System with a NonLinear Spring-Mass-Dry Friction Damper 22. Gaul, L., "Wave Transmission and

Attached," J. Sound Vib., 89 (1), pp 65-84 Energy Dissipation at Structural and Ma-

(1983). chine Joints," J. Vib. Acoust. Stress Rel.

Des., Trans. ASME, M0$ (3), pp 489-496

13. Shah, V.N. and Gilmore, C.B., "Dy- (1983). J ,

namic Analysis of a Structure with CoulombFriction," ASME Conf., Orlando, FL, Paper 23. Dowell, E.H. and Schwartz, 1-LB.,

82-PVP-18 (1982). "Forced Response of a Cantilever Beam %

with a Beam with a Dry Friction Damper

14. Aggarwal, B.B., Russell, R.A., and Attached," J. Sound Vib., 21 (2); Part I:

Wilson, W.R.D., "Frictional Damping at Theory; Part II: Experiment, pp 255-291Preloaded Metallic Interfaces under Tangen- (1983).tial Loading," Proc. 7th Trib. Symp., Leeds,England (1980). 24. Pall, A.S. and Marsh, C., "Response of

Friction Damped Braced Frames," ASCE J.

15. Villanueva-Leal, A. and Hinduja, S., Struc. Div., 10J (6), pp 1313-1323 (1982).

"Modelling the Characteristics of InterfaceSurfaces by the Finite Element Method," 25. Beards, C.F. and Woowat, A., "The- "

IMechE Proc., 198C (4), pp 9-23 (1984). Control of Frame Vibration by FrictionDamping in Joints," ASME Conf., Dearborn,

16. Dominic, R.J., "The Analysis by MI, Paper 83-DET-76 (1983).

Lumped Parameter Method of Blade Plat-form Friction Dampers Used in the High 26. Hibner, D.H., Bhat, S.T., and Buono,

Pressure Fuel Turbopump of the Space D.F., "Optimum Friction Damping of a

_ Shuttle Main Engine," Shock Vib. Bull., U.S. Flexible Rotor," ASME Conf., Houston, TX, 'O

Naval Res. Lab., Proc. 54, Pt. 3, pp 89-98 Paper 81-GT-156 (1981).S(1984).

" 17. Chia-Hsiang, Menq and Griffin, J.H., 27. Griffin, J.H. and Sinha, A., "Friction

"A Comparison of Transient and Steady Damping of Flutter in Gas Turbine Engine

19

• . . ... - ...... ......,..........-... -. /..- ..-. ' ' -.- .... .-..-. -..'. ..... ...

• ..,...... ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~................... ..- ... _.........--...... -:.. ....-..-. ....-...,:--•

Airfoils," J. Aircraft, 2.fl (4), pp 372-376 ASME Conf., Phoenix, AZ, Paper 83-GT-155(1913). (19 83).

28. Griffin, J.H. and Sinha, A., "The In- 31. Sinha, A. and Griffin, J.H-., "Effectsteraction between Mistuning and Friction in of Friction Dampers on Aerodynamicallythe Forced Response of Bladed Disk As- Unstable Rotor Stages," Paper AIAA-83-semblies," ASME Cord., Amsterdam, The 0848-CP, 24th SDM Conf. (1983).Netherlands, Paper 84-GT-129 (1984).

32. jezequel, L., "Structural Damping by29. Griffin, J.H. and Bielak, J., "Research Slip in joints," J. Vib. Acoust. Stress Rel.on Friction Damping in jet Engines at Des., Trans. ASME, *JU. (3), pp 497-504Carnegie-Mellon University," USAF Vibration (1983).Damping Workshop, Long Beach, CA (1984).

30. Sinha, A. and Griffin, J.H., "Effects 33. Beards, C.F., "Diesel Engine Sumpof Static Friction on the Forced Response Noise," Proc. inter-Noise '83, Edinburgh, pp. -

of Frictionally Damped Turbine Blades," 19 7-200 (19 83).

* 20

I.7-

BOOK REVIEWS

UNDERWATER ACOUSIC Some applications are given in Chapter 8. .POSITIONING SYSTEMS The six stages for dynamic positioning of

surface vessels at offshore sites are defined -.. *

P.H. Milne in Chapter 9. The importance of underwa- '-Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX ter positioning of acoustic systems for in-

ISBNO-87201-012-0 spection and maintenance purposes of1983, 284 pages, $49.95 offshore installations is dealt with in Chap-

ter 10.

This book is a sequel to Underwater Enpi- The three appendices arc dedicated to theneering Suvys, which dealt with various short, super-short, and long baseline systemsfacets of underwater survey procedures described in Chapters 3, 4, and 5. Listingsnecessary for offshore operators. Such and printouts of the computer programsoperators are involved in activities ranging referred to in the text are given. The pro-from the design and construction of coastal grams were developed for the Hewlett-and offshore structures to their maintenance Packard HP-85 and use BASIC. The soft-and periodic inspection. The first book ware is compatible with the HP-83 anddealt specifically with underwater survey- HP-87. A comprehensive list of pertinent 'ing. The current text deals with underwa- and useful references follows the appendi-ter positioning systems. ces.

This text does a commendable job of com-The book contains ten chapters and three bining theory and practice in currentlyappendices. Chapter 1 introduces the read- available hardware with such applications aser to some background on the expansion of surveying, off-shore structure positioning,offshore exploration and developments that and dynamic ship positioning. This bookhave led to the application of underwater will be of interest to those engaged in thisacoustic systems. Chapter 2 discusses the field and to those in the offshore oil indus-main factors that influence the attenuation try who want a comprehensive synopsis ofof sound and interference effects due to it.refraction and scattering. Ten methods fordetermining underwater position are dis- V.R. Millercussed. Underwater positioning acoustic 5331 Pathview Drivesystems, called short baseline systems and Huber HeiChts, OH 45424consisting of hydrophones mounted in arraysmeasuring 5 to 20 meters, are characterizedin Chapter 3. Chapter 4 describes super-short baseline acoustic systems that incorpo- FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTICSrate single transducers 230 mm in diame-ter. Long baseline acoustic methods of L.E. Kinaler, A.R. Frey,underwater positioning, consisting of arrays A.B. Coppens, and I.V. Sanderswith baselines many meters long, are pre- John Wiley and Sons, New York, NYsented in Chapter 5. Various sonar systems 1982, 480 pages, $37.95have been developed for underwater naviga-tion and obstacle avoidance, either as activeor passive systems. Sonar selection is Twenty years have passed since the secondpresented in Chapter 6. Maintaining ship edition of this book was published, and theposition to the desired location -- that is, changes and additions made have improvedfeedback control or dynamic positioning -- this text. The addition of two authors tois presented in detail in Chapter 7. the Kinsler and Frey combination has added

21

• ..-...... ,.-.- ....-..,,.:,-%.. -......,:.. ..-. .,,,..., ,-.,,..-.,'.: ................................ ,........-..-..-....-.......-.,-..-.....-.....

important information that has brought the This book will b: useful to the workingtext up to date. This new material includes engineer or scientist and in college acoustictopics on normal mode propagation in water courses.and environmental acoustics.

V.R. MillerThe first eight chapters deal with the fun- 5331 Pathview Drivedamentals of sound and vibration, including Huber Heights, OH 45424 .the vibrations of a string, bar, membrane,and plate. Chapters 5 and 6 treat the waveequations and their transmission propertiesthrough fluids. The following two chapters DYNAMICScover the absorption, attenuation, radiation,and reception of waves. S. Neil Rasband

John Wiley and Sons, New York, NYThe remaining chapters deal with a limited 1983, 272 pagesnumber of applications considered importantby the authors; some have not been coveredadequately or treated extensively in other As stated by the author, "The subject oftexts. Chapters nine and ten deal with the dynamics may be likened to a beautifulbehavior of acoustic waves when boundary symphony with new depths of feeling andgeometry confines the wave to a limited motion revealed at each additional hearing.space; situations include pipes and ducts. -- The beauty of the symphony is inti-Hearing and speech are covered in Chapter mately interwoven with the orchestration, so11; new material on environmental acoustics it is with mechanics. The language or garbis discussed in Chapter 12. Topics in at- in which the subject is presented can effectchitectural acoustics are treated in Chapter our personal attraction to the subject."13. Chapter 14 is concerned with transduc-tion and the application of theory to elec- The book consists of ten chapters, a short ..troacoustic transducer design; e.g., section of references, and an index. Chap-microphones and loudspeakers. The use of ter 1 focuses on the physical concepts ofsound waves in water to transfer informa- mechanics in vector form. The standardtion is covered in Chapter 15. (cylindrical, spherical) and moving coordi-

nate systems are explained, as are displace-Many of the chapters are supplemented with ment, velocity, and acceleration. Chapter 2material that reflects either advanced topics on Newtonian dynamics considers single andor recent concerns of the technical commu- many point systems, phase curves, motion innity. The complete appendix includes one dimension, stability, and phase flow.complex numbers, Bessel functions, direc-tivity and impedance functions for a piston, The next chapter introduces Lagrangianvectors, and tables of physical properties of dynamics, including functional derivationsmatter. Also included are an index and and mapping of a Banach space. Theglossary of symbols. Lagrangian equations are derived in gener-

alized coordinates. Central force fields andKepler's problem of the analysis of orbits in

The authors have done a good job of deriv- the Newtonian potential are described, as ising the important equations from the laws the Lagrangian for particle motion in anof physics and of showing the logic in- electromagnetic field, the visualization ofvolved. An extensive list of problems is system motion with their resulting mapping,placed at the end of each chapter; answers and the concept of Hamilton's principle ofare given to the odd-numbered ones. The least action.text will thus be useful for advanced under-graduate or graduate courses in acoustics. Chapter 4 is concerned with the dynamics "

The working engineer will also find this of rigid bodies. Topics include generalbook useful but may be disappointed at the properties of the rigid body as a large col-lack of an extensive list of references. lection of point particles, the moment ofThe book would be even better if it con- inertia, the inertia tensor, and Eulet's equa-tained a complete bibliography. tions of motion including torque.

22

"_ -.p '-.._o_._. . z "' _ ' < '- ._. ,- ._., - ._- .- ''' ' .. ' ._._' ._ '.. ' -- -' -- '-_ '. .- - = ' ' ' -

Chapter 5 treats the dynamics of small The last chapter points to the algebraicoscillations. Euler-Lagrange equations arc aspects of motion. Algebraic properties ofused in examples of coupled pendulums. phase space vectors and functions are con-The behavior of mechanical systems with sidered. LIE algebra is a vector space withchanging parameters and parametric reso- a binary operation defined in the elementnance are described in Lagrangian terms. of the vector space. The LIE derivative S

compares geometric objects along a flow.The next chapter deals with symmetries ofmechanical systems, a partial solution of This book is slanted toward the physics ofthe equations of motion, invariants of mo- quantum mechanics but contains basic dy-tion, and tangent bundles. The derivative namics that can be applied to engineering. ..map, which can be defined as a derivative The reviewer believes that a table ofof manifolds and viewed as a linear part, nomenclature and definitions would help theis described, as is Noether's theorem -- the reader. An appendix describing vectorrelationship of the symmetry of global methods would be an asset. Examples ofproperties of a physical system to the con- gyroscopic stability and motion plus vibra-stant of motion. tion of simple beams would make the book

more appealing to engineering students.Chapter 7 describes Hamiltonian dynamics. Another useful addition would be the Gibbs- _ -Included are the Lagrangian for a mechani- Appll equations. The reviewer recom-cal system, the Hamiltonian formulation, mends this book to those interested in dy-Hamilton's canonical equations and cotan- namics who have a good background ingent space, Poisson brackets, the Jacobian vectors and matrix theory.relation for Poisson brackets, and the Liou-ville theorem. An advantage of Hamiltoni- H. Saundersan dynamics is the concept that more 1 Arcadian Drive ,k .general coordinates can be used than with Schenectady, NY 12302the Lagrangian.

That motions of mechanical systems can berepresented as trajectories in a cotangent HANDHELD CALCULATOR PROGRAMSbundle -- i.e., as curves in phase space -- is FOR ROTATING EQUIPMENT DESIGNthe topic of Chapter 8. The chapter con-cludes with a discussion of the Hamilton- L.E. FieldingJacobi equations that apply to the time McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, NYevaluation of mechanical systems. From 1983, 447 pages, $39.95one complete integral of Hamilton's partialdifferential equation can be derived thesolution of the integrals of Hamilton's equa- The programs are designed for the handheldtion of motion. T159 Texas Instrument calculator. The book

contains three main parts: Vibration Analy-sis, Mechanical Design Analysis, and Fluid -

Chapter 9 on action-angle variables treats Dynamic Analysis. As stated by the au-the variable for simple but typical systems. thor, "Each program has been written to beConsideration is given to invariant force, self-contained with a brief theory section. -

which includes the action momentum repre- The theory section will permit the programsentation and also representation via Hamil- user to ensure the applicability of a programton's equation. Stokes theorem is a to a particular problem without the need togeneralization of the relationship between refer to other sources. --- The book isline and surface integrals. The concluding intended to provide the design engineer withsections cover the Henon-Hiles system, the capability of rapidly evaluating prelimi-which is another form of the Hamiltonian nary design -- and should be invaluable in 'system and the KAM theorem. The latter the design of rotating equipment."infers that, for a small perturbation, a largenumber of invariant systems can be proc- The 19 chapters contain derivations of the -

essed even though they may be significantly equations used in the programs. Chapter 1distorted, of Part 1 introduces the reader to the lat-

4

23

S. .. . . . .

eral critical speed program for a beam. the Morrow-Lindgraf method for low cycleThe Myklestad-Prohl (MP) transfer matrix is fatigue. Flat circular plates with centralused. The author derives the complete holes having simply supported and fixedmatrix including spring constraints; shear ends are considered in Chapter 12; pro-deformation should have been included, grams for uniform edge loading are given.Chapter 2 discusses torsional critical speed The next chapter considers polynomial curveof a beam using the Holzer method. Chap- fit utilizing a Lagrange interpolating polyno-ter 3 on rotor/bearing stability programs mial.includes plain cylindrical, two-axial groove,three lobe, elliptical, offset cylindrical, and Chapter 14 begins Part Ill on fluid dynamicfour tilting-pad bearings; stability margin design. A description of compressible iso-and threshold programs are described, tropic flow and derivation of the required

formulas are included. The next chapterBlade vibration in both lateral and torsional discusses flow through converging turbinemodes is the topic of the next chapter. The blade channels; or irreversible adiabaticMP procedure is used for flexural vibra- flow. The program utilizes typical equa-tion; the Holzer method is used for torsion- tions governing one dimensional, adiabatic,al vibration. Lateral and torsional irreversible flow. Chapter 16 containsproperties of a section of an airfoil blade derivations of the equations required to Sare described; shear deformation should compress mixtures of water vapor and airhave been included. Chapter 5 discusses needed in the design of air compressionprograms for weight and inertia properties equipment.for arbitrary disks required in vibrationanalysis. The topic of Chapter 17 is the preliminary

design of a turbine stage. A program for aChapter 6 begins Part II on mechanical mean line calculation of a turbine stage isdesign analysis. The programs are con- given. The program uses specified inputcerned with thermal disk stresses, inertia data to size the turbine, calculate velocitydisk stress, and radial disk growth. Many diagram data, and furnish an estimate ofhave been used on large computers. More blading efficiency and a ratio of total toinformation on rim load design and associ- static efficiency. The next program pro-ated programs would be a valuable addi- vides radial variations by assuming freetion. The next chapter focuses on vortex design. The third program providessimplification of blade stresses. The pro- radial variations in the velocity diagram andgrams delete the effects of twisting and flow parameters. It is assumed that thewarping of complex shapes. Programs are discharge angle of the nozzle is constantdescribed for centrifugal stress of blades, with radius. The concluding programlinear area taper blade including shroud, solves, in closed form, equations definingblade offset bending (axial and tangential), efflux angle, which is a measure of theand blade gas bending. Chapter 8 ad- performance of a given blade row and isdresses the shrink-fit of disks on rotors and designated the direct approach. The indi-tubes. Calculation of power transmitted by rect approach defines the blade geometry *.

a shrink fit on a shaft with a uniform disk required for given thermodynamic calcula-is the topic of Chapter 9. The next chap- tions. The iteration method is employed toter considers bolt-torque tightening including solve these equations.a known preload. Maximum and minimumprinciple stresses are calculated from known Two programs in the next chapter are usedtorsional and tangential stresses in the bolt, for preliminary design of a compressorthe stresses are used in calculating the Von stage, including sizing the compressor andMises stress. Programs for a multiple bolt calculation of velocity diagram data. Duearrangement subjected to thermal loading to storage limitations, assumptions are madewould have been useful, as to rotor losses and solidity of stator and 7

rotor.

Chapter 11 has to do with low cycle fa-tigue. Manson's uniform slope method in The program in the concluding chapter useswhich the lower bound is obtained by the specified data to calculate a one-dimension-10% rule is given. No mention is made of al centrifugal compressor stage and fur-

24

. . . . . .. ~. ....... ..... ...... .....

.- S...

nishes the major dimensions of the impel- for preliminary design ace furnished. Thelet. Major parameters of specific speed, book would be better if equations werespecific diameter, flow function, and head derived, then programs and examples werecoefficient are computed. These parame- given. In addition, chapters on fracturetees provide for assessing the feasibility of mechanics and an introduction to finitethe assumed values for impeller and dif- elements should have been included.fusor efficiencies.

H. SaundersAlthough slanted toward the T159 handheld AScadian Drivecomputer, die programs can be employed in Schenectady, NY 12302large computers. All necessary formulas

25

-7O o j

_X47 71f 17% .: .

SHORT COURSES

DECEMBER 157, Minden, NV 89423 - (702) 782-3611,Ext. 9242. .. -

VIBRATION AND SHOCK SURVIVABIUITY,TESTING, MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS, FEBRUARYAND CAUBRATIONDates: December 2-6, 1985Place: Santa Barbara, California MACHINERY VIBRATION ANALYSIS IDates: February 3-7, 1986 Dates: February 11-14, 1986Place: Santa Barbara, California Place: Orlando, FloridaDates: March 10-14, 1986 Dates: August 19-22, 1986Place: Washington, DC Place: New Orleans, LouisianaDates: May 12-16, 1986 Dates: November 11-14, 1986Place: Detroit, Michigan Place: Chicago, IllinoisDates: June 2-6, 1986 Objective: This course emphasizes thePlace: Santa Barbara, California role of vibrations in mechanical equipmentDates: August 18-22, 1986 instrumentation for vibration measurement,Place: Santa Barbara, California techniques for vibration analysis and con-Objective: Topics to be covered are trol, and vibration correction and criteria.resonance and fragility phenomena, and Examples and case histories from actualenvironmental vibration and shock measure- vibration problems in the petroleum, proc-ment and analysis; also vibration and shock ess, chemical, power, paper, and pharma-environmental testing to prove survivability. ceutical industries are used to illustrateThis course will concentrate upon equip- techniques. Participants have the opportu-ments and techniques, rather than upon nity to become familiar with these tech-mathematics and theory. niques during the workshops. Lecture "

topics include: spectrum, time domain,Contact: Wayne Tustin, 22 East Los Olivos modal, and orbital analysis; determinationStreet, Santa Barbara, CA 93105 -(805) of natural frequency, resonance, and criti-682-7171. cal speed; vibration analysis of specific

mechanical components, equipment, andequipment trains; identification of machineforces and frequencies; basic rotor dynam-

MACHINERY INSTRUMENTATION AND ics including fluid-film beating characteris-DIAGNOSTICS tics, instabilities, and response to massDates: December 3-6, 1985 unbalance; vibration correction includingPlace: Houston, Texas balancing; vibration control including isola-Objective: This course is designed for tion and damping of installed equipment;industry personnel who are involved in selection and use of instrumentation; equip-machinery analysis programs. Seminar top- ment evaluation techniques; shop testing;ics include a review of transducers and and plant predictive and preventive mainte-monitoring systems, machinery malfunction nance. This course will be of interest todiagnosis, data acquisition and reduction plant engineers and technicians who mustinstruments, and the application of relative identify and correct faults in machinery. O ...and seismic transducers to various types ofrotating machinery. Contact: Dr. Ronald L. Eshleman,

Director, The Vibration Institute, 101 WestContact: Customer Information Cen- 55th Street, Suite 206, Clarendon Hills, ILter, Bently Nevada Corporation, P.O. Box 60514 = (312) 654-2254.

26

r.r . - 7 V.

MARCH JULY

MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS ENGINEERING ROTOR DYNAMICSDates: March 10-14, 1986 Dates: July 14-18, 1986Place: Phoenix, Arizona Place: Rindge, New HampshireMEASUREMENT SYSTEMS DYNAMICS Objective: The role of rotor/bearingDates: March 17-21, 1986 technology in the design, development and

U, . ",

Place: Phoenix, Arizona diagnostics of industrial machinery will beObjective: Electrical measurements of elaborated. The fundamentals of rotor "mechanical and thermal quantities are pre- dynamics; fluid-film bearings; and measure-sented through the new and unique "Unified ment, analytical, and computational tech-Approach to the Engineering of Measure- niques will be presented. The computationment Systems." Test requestors, designers, and measurement of critical speeds vibra-theoretical analysts, managers and experi- tion response, and stability of rotor/bearingmental groups are the audience for which systems will be discussed in detail. Finitethese programs have been designed. Cost- elements and transfer matrix modeling willeffective, valid data in the field and in the be related to computation on mainframelaboratory, are emphasized. Not only how computers, minicomputers, and microproces-to do that job, but how to tell when it's sors. Modeling and computation of tran-been done right. sient rotor behavior and nonlinear fluid-film

bearing behavior will be described. Ses-Contact: Peter K. Stein, Director, sions will be devoted to flexible rotor bal-5602 East Monte Rosa, Phoenix, AZ 85018 ancing including turbogenerator rotors, bow- (602) 945-4603; (602) 947-6333. behavior, squeeze-film dampers for turbo-

machinery, advanced concepts in trouble-shooting and instrumentation, and casehistories involving the power and petro-

APRIL chemical industries.

Contact: Dr. Ronald L. Eshleman,MACHINERY VIBRATION ANALYSIS 11 Director, The Vibration Institute, 101 WestDates: April 28 - May 2, 1986 55th Street, Suite 206, Clarendon Hills, ILPlace: Syria, Virginia 60514 - (312) 654-Z254.Objective: The objective of this course , .is to expose participants to advanced tech- -.niques of vibration analysis using single-and dual-channel FFT analyzers. These AUGUSTtechniques include analysis of spectrum,time, frequency, and orbital domain; modalanalysis; coherence, frequency responsefunctions, and synchronous time averaging; VIBRATIONS OF RECIPROCATING MA-and amplitude, phase, and frequency modu- CHINERYlation. Data processing procedures are Dates: August 19-22, 1986reviewed. All techniques are illustrated Place: New Orleans, Louisianawith examples and case histories of indus- Objective: This course on vibrations oftrial machinery. Instrumentation necessary to reciprocating machinery includes piping andimplement the techniques is available for foundations. Equipment that will be ad-use by participants during informal work- dressed includes reciprocating compressorsshops; taped data from actual industrial and pumps as well as engines of all types.machinery are used during these workshops. Engineering problems will be discussed from

the point of view of computation and mea-Contact: Dr. Ronald L. Eshleman, surement. Basic pulsation theory -- includingDirector, The Vibration Institute, 101 West pulsations in reciprocating compressors and55th Street, Suite 206, Clarendon Hills, IL piping systems -- will be described. Acous-60514 - (312) 654-2254. tic resonance phenomena and digital acous-

27

......................................................... "-= "-l" " '''llll " "' ' -'' '- -' '-'"-'--""--i €'I-""-

L . - ~ .~ I-1-.. I-

tic simulation in piping will be reviewed. S CTMB.R

Calculations of piping vibration and stresswill be illustrated with examples and casehistories. Torsional vibrations of systems MODAL TESTING OF MACHINES ANDcontaining engines and pumps, compressors, STRUCTURESand generators, including gearboxes and Dates: September 8-11, 1986fluid drives, will be covered. Factors that Place: Chicago, Illinoisshould be considered during the design and Objective: Vibration testing and analy-analysis of foundations for engines and sis associated with machines and structurescompressors will be discussed. Practical will be discussed in detail. Practicalaspects of the vibrations of reciprocating examples will be given to illustrate impor-machinery will be emphasized. Case histo- tant concepts. Theory and test philosophy .--

ries and examples will be presented to il- of modal techniques, methods for mobilitylustrate techniques. measurements, methods for analyzing mobil-

ity data, mathematical modeling from mo-Contact: Dr. Ronald L. Eshleman, biity data, and applications of modal testDirector, The Vibration Institute, 101 West tesuks will be presented.55th Street, Suite 206, Clarendon Hills, IL60514 - (312) 654-2254. Contact: Dr. Ronald L. Eshleman,

Director, The Vibration Institute, 101 West55th Street, Suite 206, Clarendon Hills, IL

--- 60514 - (312) 654-2254.

28

aam news on currentiw S K IE Fb and Future Shock andNEW S RIEFS Vibration activities and events

WORKSHOP? ONDYNAMICS AND ABROBLASTIC STABILITY MODELING

OF ROTOR SYSTEMSDecember 4-5, 195

A workshop on "!Dynamics and Aeroelustic Stability Modeling of Rotor Systems"is scheduled for December 4-5, 1985. This workshop is being jointly organizedby the Army Research Office and the Georgia i~nstitute of Technology. Localarrangements are being made by Prof. Daniel Schrage and Mr. Steven Meyer.Planned activity at the Workshop consists of invited lectures and contributedpapers.

The objective of this workshop is to assess the state of the art in the mathe-matical modeling of and development of solution techniques for the differentialequations of motion of rotors in helicopter and tilt rotor aircraft. The follow-ing topics will be covered in the workshop:

Formulation of Rotor Blade Equations of MotionStructural Modeling of Composite Rotor BladesRotor Modeling Impact on Solution Techniques

For further information contact: Dr. Gary L. Anderson, US Army ResearchOffice, P.O. Box 12211, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2211 -(919)

549-0641, Ext. 317.

29

ABSTRACTS FROMTHE CURRENT LITERATURE

ABSTRACT ONTENTS

MECHAN ICAL SYSTEMS............. 32 STRUCTURAL C2GPNBNTS.......... 45Rotating Machines............. 32 Cables......................... 45Metal Working and Forming. 33 Bars and Rods................. 46

Beams.......................... 47Cylinders..................... 49

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS.............. 33 Columns........................ 51Bridges.............. ......... 33 Plates......................... 51Buildings..................... 33 Shells......................... 55Towers......................... 34 Pipes and Tubes............... 56Foundations ..... ............. 35 Ducts.......................... 66Harbors and Dams.............. 37 Building Components........... 67Power Plants.................. 37Off-shore Structures.......... 38 DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT............. 68

Acoustic Excitation........... 68Shock Excitation..........70Vibration Excitation.......... 71

VEHICLE SYSTEMS................. 39Ground Vehicles............... 39 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES........... 75Ships.......................... 39 Damping........................ 75

*Aircraft....................... 39 Fatigue........................ 75Missiles and Spacecraft .......40

EXPERIM0NTATICN................. 76Measurement and Analysis 76

*MECHANICAL COMIPONENTS........... 41 Dynamic Tests................. 79Absorbers and Isolators .......41 *,e

Tires and Wheels.............. 43 ANALYSIS ANl) DESIGN............. 60Blades......................... 43 Analytical Methods............ 80Bearings...................... 44 Modeling Techniques........... 81 .

Fasteners..................... 44 Parameter Identification . 82Valves......................... 45 Computer Programs............. 82

30

*' . . ". "

AVAILABILITY OF PUBLICATIONS ASTRACTED .

None of the publications are available at SVIC or at the Vibration lnsritute,except those generated by either organization.

Periodical articles, society papers, and papers presented at cmaferencea may be ,obtained at the Engineering Societies Library, 345 East 47th Street, New York,NY 10017; or Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., when not available inlocal or company libraries.

Government reports may be purchased from National Techrucal InformationService, Springfield, VA 22161. They are identified at the end of bibliographiccitation by an NTIS order number with prefixes such as AD, N, NTIS, PB, 1)1, DaNUREG, DOE, and ERATL.

Ph.D. dissertations are identified by a DA order number and are available fromUniversity Microfilms International, Dissertation Copies, P.O. Box 1764, AnnArbor, MI 48108.

" U.S. patents and patent applications may be ordered by patent or patent appli-cation number from Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D.C. 20231.

Chinese publicationas, identified by a CSTA order number, are available inChinese or English translation from International Information Service, Ltd.,P.O. Box 24683, ABD Post Office, Hong Kong.

Institution of Mechanical Engineers publications are available in U.S.: SAECustomer Service, Dept. 676, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA15096, by quoting the SAE-MEP number.

When ordering, the pertinent order number should always be included, nL theDIGEST abstract number.

A List of Periodicals Scanned is published in issues, 1, 6, and 12.

31

. . . . . . . . . . .. -, . ..

. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .* o .... . . q

,- .- ... ,. -:-.-.-,.~~.. ... _....... ...... .. --- .-. .-..-- .- .- .... .. .- .. ..- ,. ,-- -, - .-

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS dimensiona errors and rough surfaces ofthe workpiece. At the toos critical totat- ,',''

ing speed run-out effects occur, i.e., devia-tion from the required cutting line.Objectives of the analysis are process

ROTATING MACHINES simulation and investigations of the interfer-ence between run-out and disk damping with ..*

the help of the finite element programADINA.

Seismic Analyais of Rotating Mechanical .-

SystemsA.H. Soni, V. SrinivasanOklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 85-2202Rept. No. NSF/CEE-84042, 252 pp (June On the Excitations due to the Periodic1984), PB85-149599/GAR Suructse of Tutbomachines (lber die

Etegaung infolge der Periodizitat vonKEY WORDS: Rotating structures, Seismic Turbom.achinen)analysis, Computer programs M. Dubas

Entwicklung Hydraulik, Sulzer-Escher WyssThree mathematical models are developed AG Postfach, CI--8023, Zurich, Switzerlandto model a rotating mechanical system in Ing. Arch., 5A (6), pp 413-426 (1984), 6the time domain; earthquake excitation is figs, 2 tables, 13 refs (In German)assumed to be a deterministic function oftime. The rigid body model models the KEY WORDS: Turbomachinery, Blades,rotating system as a rigid body spinning in Shafts, Disks p."-.".

space, and includes factors such as gyro-scopic effects, rotor bearing interaction Excitation caused by the periodical charac-effects, base rotation (including Coriolus ter of the rotor and the stator of turbo-effects), and base translation. The three- machines of any kind is investigated. Thedimensional elasticity model incorporates the basic assumption is that each time a runnerflexibility of the system using the three- blade passes a guide vane, a radial, tangen-dimensional theory of elasticity. Numerical tial, and axial load are produced. With theexamples are presented for each of the help of three simple mathematical modelsmodels, and results of the examples are the forces and moments, especially theirpresented in graphic form. frequencies resulting from all these loads,

are determined.

55-2201Dynamical Behavior of Dis¢ike Rotating 85-2203Tools Current Research an Circular Saw and BandH.K. Tonshoff, J. jendryschik Saw Vibration and StabilityUniv. of Hannover, Fed. Rep. Germany C. D'Angelo, III, N.T. Alvarado, K.W.Computers Struc., 21 (1/2), pp 203-211 Wang, C.D. Mote, Jr.(1985), 14 figs, 1 table, 17 refs Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA

Shock Vib. Dig., 1Z (5), pp 11-23 (MayKEY WORDS: Rotating machinery, Tools, 1985), 5 figs, 4 tables, 79 refsFlexural vibration, Saws

KEY WORDS: Circular saws, ReviewsMetals, plastics, ceramics, wood, concrete,and products such as silicon wafers are cut The topics covered in this review arewith disklike rotating tools, but problems in circular saw and band saw vibration; sawapplication exist because of the low flexut- guides, which are fluid-film bearings usedal tool stiffness. A little perturbation can to control saw position and vibration; guided " '-cause flexural vibrations which lead to saw vibration; and generation of noise by . ..

32

7.w'

.,..-j .---.-.. ,-.r-:..... .w~-.--T----,w, ~ I r r' r r *~ ~-.

vibration and aerodynamic sources in high- examples are shown for the special case ofspeed sawing. a beam bridge model and a one-axle vehi-

cle model.

METAL WORKING AND FORMING t N85-2206Seismic Research fo Highway Bridges,'• {~~U.S.-Japan Program) ""' '

SKY5-2204 J.F. FlemingA Diagnosing the Chatter as Mode Coupling br Univ. of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA f

Measuring Phae Rcpt. No. NSF/CEE-84034, 685 pp (JuneYu Junyi, Zheng Detao 1984), PB85-152148/GAR '-'.-.

Chinese ia Mech. Engrg., s i (3), pp 61-72for'• (1984), CSTA No. 621.8-84.28 KEY WORDS: Bridges, Seismic analysis, ""

e uSeismic design o'apnsehgb gKEY WORDSr Cutting, Chattercb. ""Papers address either the seismic design or

Diagnostic principles and methods in chabter evaluation of bridges. The papers focus onmode coupling are discusseds such topics as seismic resistant bridge

design in California, specifications for theearthquake resistant design of Japanese high "- "

bridges, response of cable stayed bridges to increasestatic and dynamic loads, seismic vulna-| STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS bility of prestressed concrete segmental AL.I__

bridge s, behavior of concrete-flld steeltubes, repair and retrofit work on road.-'.....

bridge substructures, rehabilitation of roadILDI-transportation networks damaged by earth- -.- -'-.BRIDGES quakes, and retrofitting bridges to increase ''¢-"

their seismic resistance.,--=.-"

85-2205 ".'''''

Finite Element, Modal Coordinate Analysis "''..-.of Structures Subjected to Moving Loads BUILDINGS :"

M. OlssonLund Univ., Lund, SwedenJ. Sound Vib., 22 (1), pp 1-12 (Mar 8,1985), 7 figs, 1 table, 10 refs 85-2207

Dynamic Response of Discretely DampedKEY WORDS: Railroad bridges, Moving Structures under Harmonic and Randomloads, Railroad trains, Finite element tech- Excitationnique, Bridge-vehicle interaction W.K. Wheeler, G.J. Hancock

Sydney Univ., Sydney, AustraliaSome of the possibilities of the finite Rept. No. R-475, 35 pp (July 1984), PB85-element method in the moving load problem 135663/GARare demonstrated. The bridge-vehicle inter-action phenomenon is considered by deriving KEY WORDS: Multistory buildings, Bridges,a general bridge-vehicle element. This Cable stayed structures, Harmonic excita-element may be regarded as a finite tion, Random excitation " "clement with time-dependent and unsymmet- VV

tic element matrices. The bridge response This paper describes an analysis based onis formulated in modal coordinates thereby the frequency response method for studyingreducing the number of equations to be the dynamic response of framed structures . .solved within each time step. Illustrative under both harmonic and random excitation.

33

13

................... '....... ................ ... ,..... .......... . . . . . . . ..... .... .. . . un

Studies of a multi-story frame structure and capable of restricting the elastic deforma-a cable stayed pedestrian footbridge are tion of the structure during the moderatedescribed. These studies include investiga- earthquakes and of increasing the energytions of the location and magnitude of the absorbing capacity during the strong earth-dampers. quakes. One is the H-shaped steel damper,

which is an H-shaped steel of specifiedlength installed between the beam of theexisting structure and the added reinforcingframe. The other is the earthquake resist-

- 5-2209 ing panel, which is composed of the hoti-* Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete zontal and vertical members of a light

Frame-Sieatwall Structures Sbjected to steel and their joints are rigidly connectedEarthquke Motan (Use's, Guide to by the rib or gusset plate. The results ofDRAIN-2D: EL7 for RC Seazwas) static and dynamic loading tests and the

*A. Kumar, J.K. Wight theoretical analysis are shown." Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

Rept. No. UMEE-83R4, NSF/CEE-83043, 65pp (Oct 1983), PB85-150241/GAR

KEY WORDS: Multistory buildings, Seismic TOWERS- response, Cyclic loading, Reinforced con-

SCrete, Computer programs

* This report characterizes Element ELl7, a 85-2210general purpose element for reinforced Wind Effects am High Cooling Towersconcrete shearwalls under cyclic loading. J.F. Sageau, M. RobertThe development of the element for use in Electricite de France, Chatou, Francethe DRAIN-2D computer program for calcu- Flow Induced Vibrations Symposium, Vol. 1, ,nlating the nonlinear response of multistory Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies instructures subject to earthquake motion is Cross Flow, ASME Winter annual meeting,described, and the FORTRAN listing of the New Orleans, LA, Dec. 9-14, 1984, pp -subroutines is included. Input data and 129-143, 11 figs, 5 tables, 7 refs A_

i sample computer output for a seven-storyreinforced concrete frame-wall structure are KEY WORDS: Cooling towers, Wind-inducedpresented to illustrate the data preparation excitationprocedure and output format for theshearwall element. The tangent stiffness A program to provide design criteriamatrix of the shearwall element is pro- adapted to the new generation of coolingvided. towers was initiated. This program included FA '

three components: the determination ofloadings, the static response of the tower,and the dynamic response of the tower.

85-2209Cenorl Systems on Earthquake Resistance

I: of Steel Structures - H-shaped SteelDamper and Earthquake Resisting PanelT. Yamada, 0. Kojima, A. Ninomiya 85-2211Nippon Kokan K.K., Tokyo, Japan Inelastic Seismic Response of Braced12 pp (1984), PB85-134211/GAR (n ]apa- Towers Supporting Tanksnese) M.A. Haroun, N.M. Haroun, H.M. Ellaithy

Univ. of California, Irvine, CA 92717KEY WORDS: Buildings, Seismic design, Computers Struc., 2& (1-3), pp 605-613Steel (1985), 8 figs, 3 tables, 12 refs

Two aseismic elements were developed KEY WORDS: Water towers, Seismic re-mainly for steel structures. These are sponse

34

............................................... . .. ................ .... .-- -. ".

,':-'" " :' " -:.: ': " .''.".- :' -: ".- : - " -:::::'. " :'-:'--: .:-"-' ": ; : "'--'':'':-'" "'-: -- ' : :-'" ",-':":-' *-''- -" '- .':-''" '"

This paper deals with the second phase of a of the obtained models and a discussion of "..

research project to analyze the earthquake the sequencing of foundation models ofresponse of elevated tanks. Emphasis is higher order beyond the Wirnkler foundationplaced on the inelastic behavior of a typi- are presented.cal cross-braced tower. A simplifiedmodel consisting of a simple multilinearforce-displacement function is used.

85-2214Structute-Foundation lutieractions UnderDynamic Loads

35-2212 Wen David LiuFree and Random Vibtatioms of Column- Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of California, 222 ppSupported Cooling Towers (1984), DA8427032Y. Yong, Y.K. LinUniv. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL KEY WORDS: Structure-foundation interac-61801 tion, Pile foundations, Bridges, Time domain1. Sound Vib., 2A (4), pp 539-563 (Feb 22, methods, Computer programs1985), 12 figs, 21 refs

Structure-foundation interactions as charac-KEY WORDS: Cooling towers, Shells, terized by the dynamic foundation stiff-Columns, Seismic excitation, Wind-induced nesses are studied for embedded foundationsexcitation and single piles under the framework of the

general substructure method. A pilot caseA transfer matrix formulation is used to study has been conducted for a six-spandevelop an efficient algorithm to analyze segment of a typical highway bridge struc-the dynamic behavior of a cooling-tower ture to illustrate the foundation effects.structure, which consists of a thin hyper-bolic shell of revolution supported at thebase by flexible columns. The paper isdivided into three parts: free vibration,seismic excitation, and wind excitation. 85-2215

Seismic Analysis of Three-Dim ensianalSoil-Structute Interaction System an aRectangular BaseS. Saylan, T.G. Toridis, K. Khozeimeh ..-.

FOUNDATIONS George Washington Univ., Washington, DC20052Computers Struc., ZQ (1-3), pp 355-363-.(1985), 9 figs, 34 refs

85-2213On the Formal Development of Elastic KEY WORDS: Soil-structure interaction,Foundation Models Seismic analysis, Finite element techniqueA.D. KerrUniv. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 An analytical procedure is presented forIng. Arch., 3A (6), pp 455-464 (1984), 6 determining the three-dimensional interactionfigs, 19 refs effects of a soil-structure system under

seismic excitation. The structure is mod-KEY WORDS: Elastic foundations, Power eled as an assembly of finite elementsseries method, Mathematical models representing the three-dimensional super-

structure that is attached to a rectangularA procedure which makes use of formal base on a half-space. Using triple Fourierpower series expansions is used in develop- transform techniques, dynamic displacement ring foundation models. It is shown that the equations of the three-dimensional elastic ...-

a priori assumption that the contact pressure half-space are solved. Solutions are pre- " ' "is related to the surface deflections and its sented in closed form. Based on specificderivatives is too restrictive. A comparison values of some of the basic parameters of

35'.

-8

the problem, numerical results are obtained between the structure and the soil founds-- •. ~ ° ' .

and presented in the form of a series of tion are described." curves associated with the dynamic response .

of a rectangular base.

85-221885-2216 Radial Vibrat ms in Cylindrical Sail MassiveIteraction, of Nomlinear Interiors with in Plastic Yield StateLinear Infinite Exteuiors T. Raghavan, V.P. MuthuswamyLee-Jen Lee, G. Dasgupta Sacred Heart College, TIRUPATTUR NA,Columbia Univ., New York, NY 635 601, IndiaComputers Struc., 2& (1-3), pp 339-353 Rev. Roumaine Sci. Tech., Mecanique

* (1985), 16 figs, 18 refs Appl., J0 (1), pp 31-36 (Jan/Feb 1985), 3refs

KEY WORDS: Soil-structure interaction,Finite element technique KEY WORDS: Soils, Cylinders, Concentric

structures, Radial vibrationsThe dynamic response of a nonlinear struc-ture-soil system supported by homogeneous Radial vibrations of soil massive in the formlinear soil is formulated. The near field is of a cylinder are studied. The cylinder ismodeled by finite elements, and its motion supposed to have a rigid coaxial cylindricalis represented by a differential equation in inclusion. The soil massive, excepting thethe time domain. The boundary conditions rigid inclusion, is supposed to be in theare furnished by the force-displacement plastic yield state. Solutions are obtainedrelationship of the exterior. The effects of for two types of soils, using the Laplacethe outgoing waves are captured by the transform and the complex inversion func-ftequency-dependent boundary stiffness tions.matrices. The numerical technique devel-oped herein furnishes a computer scheme tocarry out design and analysis of structuresunder arbitrary dynamic excitations, includ-ing the local nonlinear effects of thesupporting soil. 85-2219

Respese of Saturated Porous Noali eaMaterials to Dynamic LoadingsK.J. Kim, S.E. BlouinApplied Res. Associates, South Royalton, VT

85-2217 Rept. No. AFCSR-TR-84-1102, 103 pp (MaySpring Stiffnesses for Beam-Column Analy- 31, 1984), AD-A148 528/3/GARsis of Soil-Structure Interaction ProblemsR.L. Hall KEY WORDS: Computer programs, FinitePh.D. Thesis, Oklahoma State Univ., 133 pp element technique, Soils, Fluid-filled media(1984), DA8427669

Past theoretical treatments of two phaseKEY WORDS: Soil-structure interaction, media are reviewed and incorporated into LBeam-columns, Foundations, Finite element the two phase dynamic finite element codetechnique TPDAP. A study of the response of two

phase porous elastic media to dynamicSoil pressures acting on slabs on grade and uniaxial loadings is conducted and the influ-U-frame structures control their design. ence of loading shape, material properties,These structures must be designed to ac- and numerical techniques and parameterscount for the interaction between the soil are evaluated. A series of calculationsand structures. Two procedures which can simulating uniaxial loadings of saturatedbe used for preliminary design of these soils having hysteretic skeletons is con-structures accounting for the interaction ducted.

I W36

tt.. . . . . ...- . o . . .- . +-. . .- '% - o -.. -. o.o - ..- . ,• + . +...-.., o*.'.-..+ - " -. ° --. . - --' N . - . .N '.-.' , - -: -',., + , .. _.-- - ,- .- -. -- -. , , - .-' .' - . ..". . ... . ..-. ° - . .- -. . --

HARBORS AND DAMS Rept. No. UCRL-86250, CONF-840913-6, 19pp (June 1984), DE 85000756/GAR

KEY WORDS: Nuclear power plants, Seis-85-2220 mic analysis, Nuclear reactor components,A Semi-Analytical Method for Seismic Computer programs, PipelinesAnalysis of Arch Dam "Cao Zhiyuan, Thang Yaoqin The sensitivity of calculated peak dynamicJ. Hydraulic Engrg., (8), pp 26-36 (1984), responses, such as acceleration and momentCSTA No. 627-84.69 are examined to input parameters such as

frequency and damping. These responsesKEY WORDS: Dams, Seismic analysis have been calculated for the Zion Unit 1

plant using the computer code SMACS asA change of the cross-section finite thick part of the seismic probabilistic risk assess-shell strip method is applied for seismic ment.analysis of an arched dam. This methodmakes use of simple polynomials in trans-verse river direction, and analytical func-tions in height direction of the dam and theriver. The three dimension problem was 85-2223changed into a one dimension problem to Dynamic Response of an LMFBR Deckhave its values solved. As it saves much Stmctue Under Shug Impactstorage space and computer time, this G. Saurer, R. Wanner, H. Palsson, C.method is preferred over the finite element Invetsinimethod. Swiss Federal Inst. for Reactor Res., Swit-

zerlandComputers Struc., 21 (1/2), pp 159-164(1985), 6 figs, 2 tables, 10 refs

85-2221 KEY WORDS: Nuclear reactor containment,Earthquake Response of Concrete Gzavity Concrete, Impact responseDamsG.L. Fenves An important concern in the safety analysisPh.D. Thesis, Univ. of California, Berkeley, of liquid-metal fast breeder reactors

*237 pp (1984), DA8426959 (LMFBR) is the dynamic response of theprimary containment to the impact of the

KEY WORDS: Dams, Seismic response fluid occurring during a hypothetical coredisruptive accident. It is possible that a

The objectives of this work are to develop substantial part of the kinetic energy gainedefficient techniques for analyzing the earth- by the coolant from the energy released byquake response of concrete gravity dams, the core is transferred to the deck structureand to investigate how dam-water-foundation which, however, should retain its integrityrock interaction and sediments at the bottom in order to prevent leakage of radioactiveof reservoirs affect the dam response, material to the environment. The dynamic

response of the deck structure of a pool-type plant of commercial size is analyzed "0in a generic study using the programADINA.

POWER PLANTS

85-2222 85-2224Senaitvity of Peak Dynamic Responses to Reduction of Vibration Caused by Flow inInpu Factors an Annular DiffuserW.J. O'Connell M.W. Parkin, P.C. WatsonLawrence Livermore National Lab., CA Windscale Nuclear Power Dev. Labs.

37

.. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

... .. . .... .... ..

UKAEA, Seascale, Cumbria, UK attempt to explain the observed behavior of* Flow-Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 4, the actual assembly during on-load refuel-

Vibration Induced by Axial and Annular ing, and in particular why stability isFlows, ASME Winter annual meeting, New governed by the detailed aerodynamicOrleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 1-14, 20 behavior of part of the annulus just abovefigs, 9 refs the reactor core.

KEY WORDS: Vibration reduction, Fluid-induced excitation, Nuclear fuel elements

A physical model explaining flow induced 85-2226vibration observed in 60 and 300 annular Flow-iduced Vibration: Guidelines f ordiffusers where the center body forming the Design, Diagnosis, and Troubleshooting ofdiffuser has freedom to move radially is Common Power Plant Componentsdescribed. The model is based on experi- M.K. Au-Yangmental evidence, and accounts for both Babcock and Wilcox, Lynchburg, VAfluid behavior and structural response. Two Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3,vibration suppression devices, both of which Vibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME winterhave performed successfully in realistic annual mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14,demonstration tests, are also described. 1984, pp 119-137, 3 figs, 41 refs

KEY WORDS: Nuclear power plants, Struc-tural members, Fluid-induced excitation,Plates, Cylindrical shells

85-2225Instabilities of the AGR Fuel Assembly The different techniques of accessing theDuring On-Load Refuelling flow-induced vibration problems of commonD.E. Hobson power plant components are reviewed. TheCEGB Marchwood Engrg. Labs., March- components are divided into categories ofwood, Southampton, UK single cylinders, flat plates, pipes containingFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 4, flowing fluid, cylindrical shells and tubeVibration Induced by Axial and Annular banks. The mechanisms considered includeFlows, ASME Winter annual mtg., New turbulent buffeting, instability, vortex shed-Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 25-39, 8 ding, acoustics and leakage flow-inducedfigs, 11 refs vibration. Emphasis is placed on applica-

tions to industrial problems.KEY WORDS: Nuclear fuel elements, Flu-id-induced excitation -

During on-load refueling of the AdvancedGas Cooled Reactor (AGR), gas flows at OFF-SHORE STRUCTUREShigh velocity in the annular passage be-tween the cylindrical fuel assembly and thechannel in the reactor core, causing theassembly to vibrate. The characteristics of 95-2227the vibration are governed partly by the Transient Loading of Pile--hell-Type Sup-structural dynamics of the assembly. Be- potted Offshore Structurescause of narrowness, the coupling between V.A. Dzhupanov, D.D. Karagozova, V.M.the fluid and the structure is enhanced and Vassilevthis can lead to large transverse fluid Bulgaria Academy of Sciences, Inst. offorces when the assembly moves from its Mechanics and Biomechanics, Sofia, Bul-mean concentric position. The ways in gariawhich these forces can cause self-excited Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. I,vibration of various structures, including Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies inone, two or more degrees of freedom Cross Flow, ASME Winter annual meeting,systems, or a semi-infinite beam represent- New Orleans, LA, Dec. 9-14, 1984, pp -. 'ing a fuel assembly, are discussed in an 189-201, 7 figs, 1 table, 26 refs

38

......................................................... . .. .

." ." . . ." " ." ." . . . ' . . ' f ,L .. ' _- _ _ _ .'x _ "_s _ "2 -~ _ _ '. _ ' , ' . y •

. -. J -' -". . . . . . .

KEY WORDS: Offshore structures, Fluid- KEY WORDS: Tractors, Modal analysis,structure interaction, Transient excitation, Impact hammer testsSuccessive approximation method

This paper describes briefly the basicThe description of an offshore scaffold theory of modal analysis with the hammer-bridge consisting of bridge deck supported ing method and a testing technique forby a row of pile-shells is given. The measuring transfer functions between typetransient loadings are discussed. The prob- and handle of a walking tractor. Some .-.

lcm of the dynamical structure-liquid inter- modal parameters were directly identifiedaction is solved by a method of successive from the measured data of these transferapproximations. Engineering estimations are functions. The results show that thepresented. hammering method is an easy and feasible , ,

approach for measuring dynamic character- .istics of some parts of a tractor. 7

85-2228Wave Effects on Large Offshore Structuresof Arbitrary Shape SHIPSWu Zongren, M.Q. IsaacsonChina Civ. Engrg. J., 1- (3), pp 11-22(1984), CSTA No. 624-84.64

85-2230KEY WORDS: Offshore structures, Wave On Analysis of Structural Response of Shipforces, Computer programs Panels Subjected to Air Blast Loading -.

R. Houlston, J.E. Slater, N. Pegg, C.G.A method is introduced for the numerical DesRocherssolution of wave effects on large offshore Defence Res. Establishment Suffield, Ral-structures of arbitrary shape. It is based ston, Alberta, Canadaon a wave source distribution utilizing the Computers Struc., 21 (1/2), pp 273-289Green's function. A corresponding corn- (1985), 21 figs, 1 table, 10 refsputer program has been developed, whichmay be used to obtain wave forces and KEY WORDS: Ships, Air blast, Damage

moments, wave pressure distribution and prediction, Finite element techniquerunup on fixed bodies, and also wave excit-ing forces and moments, added-mass and In combat operations, warships could bedamping coefficients and responses for subjected to air blast and underwater shockfloating bodies. loads capable of causing considerable struc-

rural damage. This paper concentrates onthe prediction and measurement of thestructural response of ship panels to freefield air-blast explosions. Experiments with

VEHICLE SYSTEMS steel plates and full scale stiffened panelsare described. Finite element modeling and - -

analysis are presented and compared withexperimental results.

GROUND VEHICLES

85-2229 AIR CRAFTApplicaion of Hammering Method onResearch on Dynamic Characteristic ofWalking TractorSu Qingzu 85-2231Trans. Chinese Soc. of Agri. Mach., 15 (3), Modelling for Fatigue Crack Growth Predic-pp 21-29 (1984), CSTA No. 631.3-84.20 tiaon in Mirage 1110 Frame 26

39

.9""-",' .'

J.M. Finney, F.G. Harris, R.A. Pell, C.S. Results include: mean angle of attack,Dentry motion amplitude, and Mach number effectsAeronautical Res. Labs., Melbourne, Austra- on wave speed.liaRept. No. ARL-STRUC-401, 78 pp (Apr1984), AD-A149 237/0/GAR

KEY WORDS: Aircraft, Fatigue life, Crack 85-2234propagation Visual Study of a Delta Wing in Steady and

Unsteady MotionConstant- and variable-amplitude fatigue M. Gad-el-Hak, C.M. Ho, R.F. Blackweldercrack growth data have been obtained for Flow Research Co., Kent, WAA7-U4SG-T651 (2214) aluminum alloy appli- 7 pp (1984), Proc. Workshop on Unsteadycable to frame 26 of Mirage I110 aircraft, Separated Flow Held at the U.S. Air Forceenabling calibration of computer models of Academy on Aug 10-11, 1983, pp 45-51,crack growth. AD-P004 158/2/GAR

KEY WORDS: Aircraft wings, Vortex shed-

3 5-2232 Two delta wings with a leading edge sweepUse of Adhesive-Bonded Rivets to Lessen of 45 deg and 60 deg were studied in athe Reductions in Fatigue Life Caused by towing tank at chord Reynolds number up toRivet Holes 350,000.J.Y. Mann, R.A. Pell, R. Jones, M. HellerAeronautical Res. Labs., Melbourne, Austra-liaRept. No. ARL-STRUC-399, 48 pp (Mar1984), AD-A149 236/2/GAR MISSILES AND SPACECRAFT

KEY WORDS: Aircraft, Fatigue life, Riv-eted joints

85-2235. Rivet holes are potential sites for fatigue Missile Launcher Integral Shock Isolation

crack initiation in aircraft structures. Sev- and Running Getir Systemeral methods for improving the life of such C. Brumendetails were investigated including coating Dept. of Air Force, Washington, DCthe surface of the hole with adhesive, U.S. Patent Appl. No. 6-671 391/GARcold-expansion of the holes, the insertion ofclose-fit rivets and the use of adhesively- KEY WORDS: Missile launchers, Shockbonded rivets. isolation, Gears

An integral, shock-isolated running gearunit for incorporation into a missile . "launcher was studied. These integral units

85-2233 compromise a combination of actuators andUnsteady Stall Penetration of an Oscillating rolling devices which are cooperable withSwept Wing tracks defined in opposite walls of a shelterF.O. Carta for controlling the displacement of the

*United Technologies Res. Ctr., East Hart- launcher within the shelter.* ford, CT

10 pp (1984), Proc. of Workshop on Un-.- steady Separated Flow, at U.S. Air Force .7..

Academy, Aug 10-11, 1983, pp 28-37, 85-2236AD-P004 156/6/GAR The Asymptotic Property of the Flying .'-.KY OD AirtwgtlnAttitude of te Sendet VehicleKEY WORDS: Aircraft wings, Stalling Yu Jingyuan, Zhu Guangtian

40

• , .- . . . . . .. . . . .. -* * .

SSA, ZZ (9), pp 990-1002 (1984), CSTA No. Rept. No. NPS-53-85-4, 15 pp (Oct 1984),

629.1-84.30 AD-A148 541/6/GAR

KEY WORDS: Structural damping KEY WORDS: Acoustic absorption, Seals

The elastic vibration analysis of a slender Because of their widespread use and thespace vehicle with structural damping has ease of fiber dissemination, friable asbestosbeen studied. Applying the perturbation materials are considered to be the majortheory for linear operators, the perturbation source of asbestos fiber contamination infeatures of the spectrum of the principal the indoor environment. Encapsulation ofoperator and the asymptotic property of its asbestos materials with a commercial seal-semi-group are given, ant product is one of several methods used

to control potential asbestos exposure in *room S. A sealant product that preservesmost of the acoustical properties of thematerial is preferred in this usage.

85-2237Damping Synthesis and Damped Design forFlexible Spacecraft StructuresM.L. Soni, M.F. Kluesener, M.L. DrakeUniv. of Dayton Res. Inst., Dayton, OH 85-223945469 Experimental Study of Active Vi'branComputers Struc., Z9 (1-3), pp 563-574 Control

*(1985), 7 figs, 6 tables, 17 refs W.L. HallauerVirginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ.,

KEY WORDS. Spacecraft, Damping synthe- Blacksburg, VAsis Rept. No. AFOSR-TR-84-955, 25 pp (Oct

1983), AD-A148 333/8/GARThe prediction and enhancement of dampingof flexible spacecraft structures is studied. KEY WORDS: Active vibration control,Methods of damping synthesis are briefly Beams, Cables, Grids, Spacecraftreviewed and an improved synthesis methodis developed. Two example problems are Active vibration control was implemented on

given illustrating the validity of the damping two laboratory structures having somesynthesis. The results of several passive important dynamic characteristics of largedesigns developed and evaluated on a space structures: a dynamically uncompli-representative flexible appendage are dis- cared beam-cable structure and a dynami-cussed. cally complicated plane grid structure. The

control techniques used are direct-veloc-ity-feedback control, with a single colocatedSensor-actuator pair, and modal-space con- "trol, with a single sensor and several actua-tors. The most challenging control taskSattempted was modal-space control of fivelow frequency modes of the plane gridstructure, including a closely spaced pair.o"

ABSORBERS AND ISOLATORS

85-224085-2238 Motor Vehicle Suspension Systems: Vibra-Effect of Sealats of the Sound Absorption tional Effects and Stability. 1973-JanuaryCoefficients of Acoustical Friable Imulating 1985 (Citations from Information Services inMaterials Mechanical Engineering Data Base)J.L. Wayman, M.K. Lory NTIS, Springfield, VANaval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 134 pp (Jan 1985), PB85-853810/GAR

41

* :*> * -- * * * K : 7-> ..- • .

....................................................................

!'%. -- " -p%'

. KEY WORDS: Suspension systems (vehicles), A binary mixture theory with microstructureBibliographies is constructed for symmetric angle-ply -

laminates with orthotropic laminas for waveThis bibliography contains 257 citations motion in arbitrary directions. A numerical

" concerning the effects of vibration and ride study of phase-velocity spectra associatedstability, uneven tire wear, and resulting with the resulting theory reveals that dis- __

steering difficulties associated with motor persion is most prominent in waveguidevehicle suspension systems.. Hydropneumat- propagation. Further, it is directionally ,*-'-*-"ic leveling, independent suspension, and dependent and may be strong depending on --

active suspension systems are discussed., the propagation direction and lay-up angle.The use of composite materials, such as Typical results are presented for a graph- "fiberglass in suspension springs is also ite/epoxy composite To assess the accu-presented. racy of the mixtuie model, a finite element -- -

eigenvalue analy.is has been carried out.

85-2241A Mixtuze Theory for Wave Propagation in 35-2243 .Angle-Ply Laminates. Part 1: Theory Implementation of Base Isolation for theH. Murakami Foothill Communities Law and justiceUniv. of California, San Diego, CA 92093 CenterJ. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, j2 (2), pp A.G. Iarics, D. Way, J.M. Kelly331-337 (June 1985) 3 figs, 19 refs Reid and Tarics Associates, San Francisco,

CAKEY WORDS: Layered materials, Wave Rept. No. NSF/CEE-84041, 300 pp (Nov ..

- propagation, Shock absorbers 1984), PB85-152155/GAR

In an effort to construct a continuum model KEY WORDS: Base isolation, Seismic designwith microstructure for elastic angle-plylaminates, an asymptotic mixture theory Base isolation, an approach to seismicwith multiple scales is presented. The structural design, is discussed, and its usetheory, which is in the form of a binary in the design of a community law and jus-mixture, can simulate wave propagation in tice center in California is described. Itlinearly elastic laminated composites with was designed for an 8.3 Richter event onorthotropic lamina. Reissner's new varia- the San Andreas Fault, with all structuraltional principle has been adopted to avoid members remaining in the elastic range andthe numerous solution procedures of micro- all functions remaining operational after thestructure boundary value problems, which event.

* are required to find mixture properties interms of the geometrical and materialproperties of the two constituents of thecomposite.

85-2244Super Spring -A Long Period VibrationIsolatorR.L. Rinker, J.E. Faller

85-2242 Joint Inst. for Lab. Astrophysics, Boulder,A Mixture "Teory for Wave Propagation in COAngle-Ply Laminates. Part 2: Application 7 pp (1984), PB85-130847/GARh. Murakami, A. AkiyamaUniv. of California, San Diego, CA 92093 KEY WORDS: Vibration isolators @.J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, 52 (2), pp338-344 (June 1985), 7 figs, 9 refs A new mechanical isolating device, called a

super spring, is described. The super- KEY WORDS: Layered materials, Wave spring isolator makes use of the fact that a" propagation, Shock absorbers mass suspended by a long spring is effec-

*' 42

- T 79

ro "A 7

tively isolated (from vibrations) for all tion. The shear flexibility relies on afrequencies higher than the system's natural decomposition of the shear stresses intoresonance. torsion and shear contributions, and the

normalized strain energy of the latter isexpressed in terms of the shear flexibilitytensor. An explicit approximation for theshear flexibility tensor is derived for cross

TIRES AND WHEELS sections of moderate wall thickness.

85-2245Transient and Steady State Viscoelasic 85-2247Rolling Contact Vibratin of Turbomachne-Blade Due toJ. Padovan, 0. Paramadiok Vicous WakesUniv. of Akron, Akron, OH K. IshiharaComputers Struc., 20 (1-3), pp 545-553 Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Akashi, .".'-

(1985), 7 figs, 1 table, 12 refs JapanFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 1,

KEY WORDS: Rolling friction, Viscoelastic Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies in- properties, Contact pressure Cross Flow, ASME Winter annual meeting,

New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, ppBased on moving total lagrangian cootdi- 159-172, 14 figs, 2 tables, 7 ref snates, a so-called traveling Hughes type

* contact strategy is developed. Employing KEY WORDS: Rotor blades (rurbomachine-the modified contact scheme in conjunction ry), Fluid-induced excitation, Aerodynamicwith a traveling finite element strategy, an loadsoverall solution methodology is developed tohandle transient and steady viscoelastic Blade vibration due to the unsteady forcesrolling contact. To verify the scheme, the generated by the wake shed from theresults of both experimental and analytical preceding blade row is investigated and abenchmarking is presented. method is presented which can evaluate the

resonant stress of the blade. The closed-loop vibration system takes into account not . -.

only the unsteady force due to the wake '.'-"but also the one caused by blade vibration, . ..

BLADES as the forces acting on the blade are firstanalyzed by the transfer matrix method.

85-2246Pretwist and Shear Flexibility in the Vibta-tmons of Turbine Blades 85-2248S. Krenk, 0. Gunneskov Experimental Investigation of the Parallel .Riso National Lab., Roskilde, Denmark Blade-Vortex InteractionDK-4000 F.X. Caradonna, G.H. Laub, C. TungJ. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, 2 (2), pp NASA Ames Res. Ctr., Moffett Field, CA409-415 (June 1985), 2 figs, 3 tables, 15 Rept. No. A-9850, NASA-TM-86005, 33 pprefs (Nov 1984), N85-13777/6/GAR

KEY WORDS: Turbine blades, Initial defot- KEY WORDS: Blades, Vortex induced exci-mation effects tation

A theory is developed for pretwisted beams A scheme for investigating the parallelwith finite shear flexibility. The effect of blade vortex interaction has been designedpretwist is accounted for via the axial and tested. The scheme involves setting aderivative of the St. Venant warping func- vortex generator upstream of a nonlifting

43

%.. . . . .- "i-- --. ' ' -.-. 'V '- ''-'... '-' '. . .- '.'. . - V " -' -... '-.... ....-- -:- . . . ..- " "- . . .- "-. -'-" - -':''"

% '-;...'. '-.'. '.'. '.-...;-. -.' . "-. -."-" --. ..-----.- -. ',-'-''-'.''.' '..' ".'L .- .'.'-. ..".-. .-".-..'.,..,....".-........-.......... ...... ....

"TW. "

rotor so that the vortex interacts with the KEY WORDS: Fasteners, Vibration control ..-."" blade at the forward azimuth. The method

has revealed two propagation mechanisms: a Vibration fixture design includes careful. type C shock propagation from the leading consideration of fixture material, fastener

edge induced by the vortex at high tip dimensions and resonant frequencies. Thespeeds, and a rapid but continuous pressure scope of this design process needs to be -pulse associated with the proximity of the expanded to include the fixture-bolt inter-vortex to the leading edge. face. Force transmission, resonant fre-

quency, and fixture life can be improvedwith a properly designed interface which is 'described.

BEARINGS

S3-2249 85-2251Rolling Bearing Vibrations - The Effects of Toggle Mechanisms: Dynamics and EnergyGeometrical Imperfectims and Wear Diwipatio.C.S. Sunnersjo A. MostofiSSPA Maritime Consulting AB, Box 24001, Univ. of Newcasde upon Tyne, EnglandS-400 22 Goteborg, Sweden Mech. Mach. Theory, I0 (2), pp 83-93J. Sound Vib., 21 (4), pp 455-474 (Feb 22, (1985), 9 figs, 8 refs1985), 14 figs, 1 table, 11 refs

KEY WORDS: Joints, Coulomb frictionKEY WORDS: Rolling contact beatings,Geometrical imperfection effects, Wear The dynamic performance of a toggle

mechanism is investigated. ParticularThe geometrical shape and surface proper- attention is given to the collapse of theties of the components of rolling bearings toggle in the presence of Coulomb friction,will always deviate to some extent from and the effect of a varying periodic forcetheir theoretical design. For bearings of on the mechanism with damped elasticstandard tolerances these deviations are coupling.large enough to cause measurable levels of

* vibrations when the bearing is in operation.The purpose of this paper is to show insome detail how these surface irregularitiesare related to the vibration characteristicsof the bearing. The study is restricted to 85-2252radial bearings having a radial load and a Analysis of the Double Overlap Fatigue

* positive clearance. SpecimenJ. Paul, R. JonesAeronautical Res. Labs., Melbourne, Austra-liaRept. No. ARL-STRUC-402, 16 pp (Apt

FASTENERS 1984), AD-A 149 235/4/GAR

KEY WORDS: Joints, Fatigue life

This paper examines the behavior of the85-2250 fibre and the adhesive stresses in a bondedImproving Vibratimn Fixzre Perfoemance overlap joint and shows that the results ofwish Proper Fastener Iterface Design previous one-dimensional analyses of thisD.F. Keegan problem are invalid in the vicinity of the . .Honeywell Avionics Div., Clearwater, FL gap in the specimen. The fibre and adhe-Test, .7 (2), pp 14-16 (Apt/May 1985), 6 sive stresses ate also shown to be stronglyfigs dependent on the gap size.

* 44

1. 44..-..*.-. . . ..

i ;."i," -','

7..-...

VALVES STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

Moeist and Vibratiem Inducedl by Os ating CABLESSqusanic F~low in a Ftesme Reducmig" 'Gas Valve ,.,,M. Nakano, E. Outs, K. Tajima" "

Yamagata Univ., Yonesewa, Yamagata, 85-225-Japan Nonlinesr Vibtatiusa of Guy Cable SymmsFlow Induced Vibration& Syrup., Val. 4, H. Pastorel, G. Beaulieu.Vibration Induced by Axial and Annular Institut de Recherches d'Hydro-Quebec, ..

"i'- Flows, ASME Winter annual mtg., New Varennes, Quebec, Canada J0L 2P0 "''' ''

Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 87-103, 15 Computers Struc., 2. (1/2), pp 33-50 (1985),figs, .efsf

KEY WORDS: Valves, Fluid-induced excita- KEY WORDS: Cables, Computer programs,tion, Noise generation Nonlinear response, Modal analysis, Timedomain method

Generation of intense aerodynamic noiseand vibration from a high pressure gas A nonlinear static and dynamic analysis hasvalve might have close relation to the flow been performed with ADINA for the cable

* patterns particular to the valve trim geome- system of a 50-kW vertical axis wind tur- -

try and the flow condition. Characteristics bine. The nonlinear static deformation andd of acoustic modes inside a model valve and tension distribution are compared to theof dynamic force acting to the valve stem results of a nonlinear catenary cable

* are investigated by experiments. Special model. The first natural frequencies andemphasis is made to exhibit supersonic flow mode shapes, computed with ADINA, are inpatterns which are essential to induce the close agreement with experimental values

*noise and the force, obtained with the Ibrahim time domainmodal analysis method.

"' 85-2254Safety Valve Dynamic lsstabi*.: An Analy-sis of Chatter 85-2256G. MacLeod Dynamic and Aeroelastic Action of GuyMacLeod Engrg. Pty. Ltd., Blackburn, Victo- Cablesati, Australia T. Kaernae

J. Pressure Vessel Tech., Trans. ASME, J0Z Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus, Espoo,(2), pp 172-177 (May 1985), 4 figs, 12 refs Finland

Rept. No. VTTPUBL-18, ISBN-951-38-2005-KEY WORDS: Valves, Chatter X, 95 pp (1984), PB85-150506

Safety valve chatter, which is characterized KEY WORDS: Cables, Dynamic stiffness rby violent oscillation of the disk or closuremember, is a dynamical phenomenon repre- Two models have been derived for thesentable by differential ,ather than alge- computation of the dynamic stiffness of guybraic equations. It is shown that the cables. Both the complete mathematicalconditions necessary for avoiding chatter model and the simplified spring-mass modelmay be determined from the behavior of can be used in a linear three-dimensionalthe differential equations in the region of dynamic analysis of guyed masts; this is incertain critical points. The paper demon- connection with the frequency response ...

strates how to determine these points and method and a substructure technique where "."*: "" establish conditions necessary for avoiding frequency dependent springs and dashpots- chatter. are substituted for the guys. The math e-

4,4.. . " .. . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .

matical model can also be used in the 5 - 22 C9n a

design of linear guy dampers which are A Tensioned, Catenaty-Shaped Finiteincluded in the model. Element for the Analysis of Overhead Liane

Conaductor GallopingT. KoutselosCentral Electricity Res. Labs., Leathezhead,UK

g5-2257 Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2,Modelling of Subtmerged Cable Dynamics Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in CrossJ.W. Kamman, R.L. Huston Flow, ASME Winter annual meeting, New . ..Notre Dame Univ., Notre Dame, IN 46556 Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 19-35, 12Computers Struc., 20 (1-3), pp 623-629 figs, 2 tables, 14 refs(1985), 15 figs, I table, 9 refs KEY WORDS: Catenaties, Transmission " -"

KEY WORDS: Cables, Submerged struc- lines, Galloping, Finite element technique,tures, Computer programs, Finite segment Torsional vibrationsmethod

A method is outlined for calculating theResults from a series of simulated sub- natural frequencies and mode shapes ofmerged cable maneuvers are presented. The free vibration of overhead line conductorssimulations are obtained using a three-di- using the finite element method. The analy-mensional, finite-segment model of the sis employs a new, catenary shaped, axi-cable. The model, called UCIN-CABLE, ally-loaded element. The element canconsists of a series of ball-and-socket model the in-plane, the out-of-plane and theconnected rigid rods. Fluid drag, inertia torsional vibration of an overhead lineand buoyancy forces are included. Two conductor. It can be applied to deep ortypes of simulation are presented: buoy shallow catenary, single or bundled conduc-release and anchor drop. tors, and multispan configurations.

85-2258On the Galloping Response of a Simple BARS AND RODSAeroelasutic OscillatorA.-.P. van der BurghUniv. of Technology, Delft, The NetherlandsFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2, 83-2260Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross Wave Propagation in a Rod with an Arbi-Flow, ASME Winter Annual mtg., New trazrily Shaped Outer Boundary and a Cylin-Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 37-52, 4 drical Cavity of Arbitrary Shapefigs, I table, 11 refs K. Nagaya, T. Watanabe

Gunma Univ., Kiryu, Gunma 376, JapanKEY WORDS: Transmission lines, Galloping, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., Z7 (5), pp 1824-1833Mathematical models (May 1985) 5 figs, 7 tables, 20 refs

A simple aeroelastic oscillator model is KEY WORDS: Rods, Wave propagation,considered which may be used to study Cavity-containing mediagalloping of iced conductors. As a model aspecial mass-spring system in a wind-field A method is presented for solving waveis considered. In the one-degree-of-freedom propagation problems of an infinitely longapproach, when only vertical oscillations are bar of arbitrary cross section with an arbi-considered, it is shown that generalized Van trarily shaped cylindrical cavity. Theder Pol equation plays a part in the de- boundary conditions of the inner and thescription of the dynamics. In the two-de- outer arbitrarily shaped surfaces of the bargree-of-freedom approach spring and are satisfied by use of the Fourier expan-pendulum oscillations with dynamic aero- sion collocation method. The analysiselastic interactions are considered, derives the frequency equation for deter-

46

. .- ..' ... .'. '.. '.. ... .. .. , ... ' ,. ...,.. .. . - . ..- . - . . .. .. ... - • ., ..- ..- ..- ,. . ,. .. .-, • . .: .. ,- .. ,. .... . " ..' ... ..' .. ' ..'. ,,. . - '.. '.. -, ,.. .,.

- - b - - a -. ,,,..

mining the phase velocities of the bar of ous curves have only included axial forcesarbitrary cross section with the cavity, in a very limited number of cases, whereas

here axial forces within the range of great-est practical importance can always beallowed for.

BEAMS

The Free Transverse Vibrations of Aniso-S5-2261 tropic BeamsTransverse Vibration and Buckling of a J.L. KingCantilevered Beam with rip Body Under Univ. of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, - -

Axial Acceleration ScotlandJ. Storch, S. Gates J. Sound Vib., 21 (4), pp 575-585 (Feb 22,The Charles Stark Draper Lab., Inc., 1985), 4 figs, 6 refsCambridge, MAJ. Sound Vib., 22 (1), pp 43-52 (Mar 8, KEY WORDS: Beams, Flexural vibration, ..-

1985) 3 figs, I table, 9 refs Anisotropy, Bernoulli-Euler method

KEY WORDS: Cantilever beams, Flexural A uni-directional composite has highvibration, Mass beam systems, Exact mcth- Young's modulus in the fiber direction butods, Rayleigh-Ritz method low shear modulus. This allows large shear

strains and so invalidates some of theThe transverse vibration and buckling of a assumptions of engineering beam theory; incantilevered beam subject to constant axial particular, the sectional loadings cannot beacceleration with rigid tip body is investi- assumed to be related to a linear stressgated. Two classes of tip bodies are distribution. A theory for anisotropicrecognized: those with mass centers located materials which relates the deflection of aalong the beam tip tangent line, and those beam to the stress pattern is considered.with mass centers having an arbitrary This allows the calculation of corrections tooffset with respect to the beam attachment the natural frequencies derived by standardpoint (but not lying along the beam tip beam theory.tangent line).

35_-262 85-2264Flexural Vibration of Axially Loaded Beams Vibrations of Timoshenko Beams with Hlas-with Linear or Parabolic Taper tically Restrained EndsF.W. Williams, J.R. Banerjee B.A.H. AbbasUniv. of Wales Inst. of Science and Tech- Univ. of Basrah, Basrah, Iraqnology, Cardiff, CF1 3EU, Wales J. Sound Vib., 21 (4), pp 541-548 (Dec 22,J. Sound Vib., 99 (1), pp 121-138 (Mar 8, 1984) 7 tables, 16 refs

1985), 12 figs, 1 table, 21 refsKEY WORDS: Beams, Elastic restraints,

KEY WORDS: Beams, Variable cross sec- Timoshenko theory, Bernoulli-Euler methodtion, Flexural vibration, Axial excitation

The problem of free vibration of Timoshen-Curves are presented which enable the first ko beams with elastically supported ends isfive natural frequencies to be found for solved, for the first time, by using a finiteaxially loaded tapered members with an element model which can satisfy all theimportant family of cross sections. Previ- geometric and natural boundary conditions

,47

-S

- ---. .... "- -

,.- .:. i.

of an elastically restrained Timoshenko accounted for implicitly in the viscoelasticbeam. The effects of the translational and constitutive formulation.rotational support flexibilities on the natural-%frequencies of free vibrations of Timoshen-ko beams with non-idealized end conditionsare investigated in detail. ' .

' 8 ~~3-2267 ". .''S7Impact Response of Fluid-Backed Metal

Beams

55-2265S.R. Reid, S.R. Hendrya-2265 Marischal College, Univ. of Aberdeen,

Predictions of Permanent Deformation of Aberdeen AB9 1AS, ScotlandImpulsively Loaded Simply Supported Square Computers Struc., Z0 (1-3), pp 321-338Tube Steel Beams (1985), 13 figs, 2 tables, 10 refsR.B. Wegener, J.B. MartinNonlinear Structural Mechanics Res. Unit., KEY WORDS: Beams, Submerged structures,Univ. of Cape Town Steel, Aluminum, Impact responseIntl. J. Mech. Sci., 22 (1/2), pp 55-69(1985), 13 figs, 5 tables, 9 refs A series of experiments is described in

which steel and aluminium beams backed byKEY WORDS: Beams, Impact response an enclosed volume of water were subjected

to central impact by V-shaped projectilesExperimental and theoretical work on model over a range of impact speeds. Theirscale simply supported hollow steel beams behavior is compared with that of similarof square tube section is described. The beams loaded without fluid present. Tran-beams were loaded impulsively by detonat- sient pressure pulses in the fluid wereing a strip of sheet explosive along the top measured. The mechanisms of collapse andsurface, using a fairly thick layer of styro- the role of the fluid are discussed.foam to spread the effect of the explosivestrip. Impulses were measured by meansof a ballistic pendulum.

85-2268

Timoshenko Beams with Rotational EndConstraints

93-2266 T.J. Ross, F.S. WongDynamic Rate Effects on Timoshenko Beam Air Force Weapons Labs., Albuquerque, NMResponse 87117-6008T.J. Ross ASCE J. Engrg. Mech., J_" (3), pp 416-430Air Force Weapons Lab., Albuquerque, NM (Mar 1985), 8 figs, 1 table, 6 refsJ. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, U2 (2), pp439-445 (June 1985) 9 figs, 1 table, 8 refs KEY WORDS: Beams, Timoshenko theory,

Reinforced concreteKEY WORDS: Beams, Timoshenko theory,Viscoelastic properties, Strain rate, Laplace Recent experimental evidence shows thattransformation the roof elements of reinforced concrete

box-like structures fail in a direct shearThe problem of a viscoelastic Timoshenko mode when subjected to transverse, uni-beam subjected to a transversely applied formly distributed, near impulsive pressures. ,-evstep-loading is solved using the Laplace These failures are typically characterizedtransform method. It is established that the by excessive shear deformations near thesupport shear force is amplified more than roof supports. The Timoshenko beamthe support bending moment for a fixed-end theory is applied to study the failure ofbeam when strain rate influences are these one-way slabs by assessing the impor-

48

"- ." .".. . . . .

$." . ..-....... :.....:...._..........................-_..:.....................:...... ..............................................'....-'..'.'..''''..''.'.'.,'.'.'-...'.' . .'.. .' ". ". ". - . .".. .,.".".. .." ".. . . .,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . ._.. . . . . . . .-.. . . .. ,. " " :.= '-

* tance of the shear deformations and the Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies inimportance of the support constraint. Cross Flow, ASME Winter annual meeting,

New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp115-128, 10 figs, 12 refs

KEY WORDS: Cylinders, Fluid-inducedexcitation, Vortex-induced vibration, Vibra-

CYUNDERS tion control

This paper draws together the results ofresearch work undertaken on cylindrical "".members excited to oscillate by flow within

85-2269 unbaffled mixing vessels. Oscillations of anExperiments on Flow-Induced Vibration of a anchor mixer and parallel sided and stepped .'-.'

Square-Sectin Cylinder dip tubes are described, including those -P.W. Bearman, I.S. Gartshore, D.J. Maull, cases in which the cylinders are mountedG.V. Parkinson close to the vessel wall. The results areImperial College, London, UK used to define guidelines for use in calcu-Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 1, lating safe operating limits of cylindersExcitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies in dipping into water.Cross Flow, ASME Winter annual mtg., NewOrleans, LA, Dec. 9-14, 1984, pp 85-101, 8figs, 3 tables, 14 refs

KEY WORDS: Cylinders, Fluid-inducedexcitation, Galloping, Vortex-induced vibra-tion 85-2271

Ai r-Bubble Effects on Vortex-Induced Vibra-A long elastic body of aerodynamically tions of a Circular Cylinderbluff cross section, capable of exhibiting F. Haraeither galloping or vortex-induced transverse Science Univ. of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japanvibrations in a flow normal to its length, Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. I,can, if lighdy damped, also exhibit large- Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies inamplitude vibrations related to the two Cross Flow, ASME Winter annual meeting,above forms but not predictable from infor- New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, ppmation available for eitier form considered 103-113, 8 figs, 15 refsseparately. Before a rational explanationof this behavior can be given it is neces- KEY WORDS: Cylinders, Fluid-inducedsary to have some detailed experimental excitation, Vortex-induced vibration, Experi-evidence of the exciting forces on the body mental dataduring these vibrations. Wind tunnelmeasurements were made on a freely-oscil- This paper indicates, experimentally, thelating cylinder of square section under influence that air bubbles have in drastic-closely two-dimensional conditions in both ally reducing vortex-induced vibration and

*smooth and turbulent flow. in exciting vibration of a single circularcylinder, and discusses the mechanismsinvolved.

85-2270Flow-Induced Vibrations of Mixing VesselIntemnalsR. King 85-2272 %BHRA, The Fluid Engrf. Ctr., Cranfield, Vibrations and Flow-Induced Forces CausedBedford, UK by Vortex SheddingFlow Induced Vibrations Symposium, Vol. I, O.M. Griffin

49

- . ... .

. . ° .W -' F_ .7 . .- '. . . -. .." .

, - "4

-" Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC Flow Induced Vibrations Symposium, Vol. I,Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol I, Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies inExcitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies in Cross Flow, ASME Winter annual meeting,Cross Flow, ASME Winter annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, ppNew Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 1-13, 29-42, 15 figs, 16 refs8 figs, 2 tables, 34 refs

KEY WORDS: Cylinders, Fluid-induced -KEY WORDS: Fluid-induced excitation, excitation, BuffetingVortex shedding, Cylinders, Experimentaldata A study of the unsteady forces induced on -.

rigid isolated cylinders immersed in crossAvailable data for vortex-induced lift, drag, flows of varying levels of inflow turbulence -and displacement amplitude from numerous is presented. Experimental measurementsexperiments which have been conducted were conducted primarily in a water tunnel.over the past several years is discussed. An analogy is found to exist between theRecent measurements of the component of steady and unsteady forces induced on -the overall lift force which drives the isolated cylinders.oscillations are compared with previously-reported data.

85-2275Flow-Induced Oscillations of Cylinders in

85-2273 the Sereamwise DirectionFluid Forces on a Rigid Cylinder in Turbu- D.H. Turnbull, I.G. Currielent Crossflow Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaT.M. Mulcahy Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. I,Argonne National Lab., Argonne, IL Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies inFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. I, Cross Flow, ASME Winter annual meeting,Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies in New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, ppCross Flow, ASME Winter annual mtg., New 73-84, 6 figs, 12 refsOrleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 15-28, 8figs, 1 table, 27 refs KEY WORDS: Cylinders, Fluid-induced

excitation""""K FY WORDS: Cylinders, Fluid-inducedexcitation, Turbulence The purpose of the research reported here

is to attempt to clarify the conditions underFluctuating lift and drag, as well as steady which in-line oscillations of a circulardrag force coefficients, are presented which cylinder occur, and to establish the oscilla-were obtained in water flows with Reynolds tion characteristics. A mathematical modelnumbers in the range 3 x 104 to 2 x 105. has been developed which attempts toThe turbulence generated is described and represent a cylinder vibrating in thethe method of force measurement is out- streamwise direction.lined. Empirical bounds on the forcespectra are given, and available information "ron spanwise correlation lengths are identi-fied so that the data can be used to makeRMS vibration response predictions where 85-2276fluid-structure interaction does not occur. Unsteady Forces on a Cylinder in Cross

Flow at Subcritical Reynolds NumbersM.J. Moeller, P. LeeheyGeneral Dynamics/Electric Boat, Grote:m, CT 'Flow Induced Vibrations Symposium, Vol. I,

85-ZZ74 Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies inBuffeting of Isolated Tubes in Cross Flow Cross Flow, ASME Winter annual meeting,S.r. Savkar New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp,.'.'-.-",everal Electric Co., Schenectady, NY 57-71, 15 figs, 12 refs *

-%

* ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 7 -T - ..- ' 1* E* L!

KEY WORDS: Cylinders, Fluid-induced KEY WORDS: Columns, Viscoelastic proper-excitation, Vortex shedding, Hysteretic ties, Impact response, Natural frequenciesdamping, Experimental data

The longitudinal and transverse displace-The effect of large amplitude cylinder ments of an almost axially impacted two-motion on the vortex shedding process was degree-of-freedom viscoelastic cantileverinvestigated using a small flush mounted column model have been determined experi-force transducer. The experiments were mentally. Cases for various ratios ofcarried out in a marine hydrodynamics natural frequencies of transverse to longitu-laboratory's closed circuit water tunnel. dinal vibrations and for different small

angles of incidence have been investigated.

85-2277 85-2279An Experimental Study of Some of the Bimodal Optimisation of a Column in anFundamental Aspects of Wave Induced Elastic Medium, with Respect to BucklingForces on Cylindrical Objects or VibrationW.J. Fallon A. GajewskiPh.D. Thesis, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Inst. of Physics, Technical Univ. of Cra- ..232 pp (1984), DA8426869 cow, Cracow, Poland

Intl. J. Mech. Sci., 2.Z (1/2), pp 45-53KEY WORDS: Cylinders, Wave forces, (1985), 6 figs, 29 refsWater waves, Fluid induced excitation,Offshore structures KEY WORDS: Columns, Winder Founda-

tions, Optimization,. .The Morison formula, equation 2-1, formsthe basis for a method widely used for The aim of this paper is to determine thepredicting wave forces on offshore struc- ranges of application of unimodal andtures. This involves important simplifica- bimodal optimization techniques to thetions in the flow model and, in many problem of a column supported by a Wink-cases, the forces predicted by the formula let medium. Optimization, with respect tovary considerably from measurements. The buckling and the fundamental frequency of .purpose of the present research is to vibration, has been examined using bothexamine the fundamental nature of wave- Pontryagin's and sensitivity analysis method.induced flow around cylinders and the The characteristic diagrams of the optimalresulting forces in order to advance the frequency or buckling load versus the lowerpresent knowledge of the relevant flow geometrical constraint are presented.phenomena which, in turn, will assistfuture investigations toward developing animproved force prediction method,

PLATES

COLUMNS 85-2280Sakedown Analysis of PlatesW.A.M. Alwis, P. GrundyNational Univ. of Singapore, Kent Ridge,

85-2278 Singapore 0511Experimental Study of Impact-Induced Intl. J. Mech. Sci., 2 (1/2), pp 71-82Vibrations of a Simple Viscoelastic Column (1985), 9 figs, 3 tables, 15 refsModelL.X. Ren KEY WORDS: Plates, Shakedown theoremUniv. of Lulea, S-951 87 Lulea, SwedenJ. Sound Vib., 2 (1), pp 17-27 (Mar 8, A numerical approach for shakedown analy-1985), 7 figs, 1 table, 8 refs sis of laterally loaded elasto-plastic plates

51

is presented. The normal moment criterion even for structures with f airly sm alland the Tresca criterion are considered, number of repetitions of an identical unitThe analysis provides the shakedown limit cell.and indicates the mode of failure (incre-mental collapse or alternating plasticity).

85-2283Use of Random Forces to Simulate the

35-2281 Vibroacoustic Response of a Plate ExcitedEdge Vibration i Laminated Composite by a Hydrodynamic Turbulem BoundaryPlates LayerS.B. Dong, K.H. Huang G. Robert, J. SabotUniv. of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024 Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Ecully, FranceJ. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, U2 (2), pp Flow-Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 5, ' '433-438 (June 1985), 5 figs, 16 refs Turbulence-Induced Noise and Vibration of

Rigid and Compliant Surfaces, ASME WinterKEY WORDS: Composite plates, Layered annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, Decmaterials, Mode shapes, Finite element 9-14, 1984, pp 53-61, 5 figs, 9 refstechnique

KEY WORDS: Plates, Turbulence, Boundary ZPlane strain edge vibrations or end modes layer excitation, Simulation, Fluid-inducedin laminated composite plates are investi- excitationgated by means of finite elements. Thismethod is capable of modeling the behavior A set of N random forces whose spatialof any laminate construction whose proper- location and spectral density are adjusted isties are completely anisotropic within the proposed to simulate the wall pressure field '""-:"'"plane. Two eigenvalue problems involving beneath a hydrodynamic turbulent boundarynonsymmetric matrices are derived, layer. For a hydrodynamic turbulent

boundary layer in the 2 to 10 m/s velocityrange, it is shown that the vibratory re-sponse of the plate is accurately reproducedby 5 random forces over a large frequency

15-2282 range.Continuum Plate Finite Elements for Vibra-tion Analysis and Feedback Control ofSpace Lattice StructuresS.E. Lamberson, T.Y. YangPurdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907 85-2284Computers Struc., 2 (1-3), pp 583-592 Response of an Elastic Plate to Localized(1985), 6 figs, 4 tables, 8 refs Transient Sources

N. Vasudevan, A.K. MalKEY WORDS: Spacecraft, Plates, Finite Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024element technique, Equivalent continuum J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, 12 (2), ppmethod, Modal analysis 356-362 (June 1985), 13 figs, 14 refs

A variety of research projects are being KEY WORDS: Plates, Elastic properties,pursued involving the dynamic and control Transient excitationof large space platforms made up of lat-tice-type truss structures. A method involv- The surface response of an infinite, homo-ing finite element modeling of an geneous elastic plate to an internal disloca-equivalent continuum formulation based on tion across an infinitestimal area ismatching the strain energy and kinetic investigated. As a companion problem, the

- energy is developed. The method is shown normal displacement of the plate surface- to give modal results consistent with those due to a time-dependent surface load is* obtained using detailed finite element also calculated. The problems are formu-

modeling of the space lattice structure, lated by means of a classical integral

r-

I -,...:.. .? :. .-7:_% ---..- * . . .-. . -, .-71 . . *...-2.. ../ . ;,*.. .-... i/ --.:: -. .i . -?: ;-- -.

Al-transform in the frequency domain and the Analysis and numerical results are presented - 1'spectral response of the plate is expressed for the axisymmetric vibrations of polarin terms of the modal contributions due to orthotropic annular plates with linear vaisa- ... ...

the real, imaginary, and complex roots of tion in thickness, according to Mindlin'sthe Rayleigh-Lamb equation. shear theory of plates. A Chebyshev collo-

cation technique has been employed toobtain the frequency equations for thetransverse motion of such plates, for threedifferent boundary conditions. Frequencies,

8--2285 mode shapes and moments for the firstNonlinear Analysis of Layered Composite three modes of vibration have been corn- ... p

Plates and Slls puted for different plate parameters.J.N. ReddyVirginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., .-

Blacksburg, VARept. No. VPI-E-84-5, 64 pp (Jan 1984),PB85-127181/GAR 85-2287

Axisymmetric Free Vibrations of an Anom-.KEY WORDS: Plates, Shells, Composite lar, Circular Plate Under Bxternal Radialstructures, Finite element technique Tension

R. Gelos, L.B. De Natalini, P.A.A. LauraThe report contains a summary of the Universidad Tecnologica Nacional, 8000research conducted toward the successful Bahia Blanca, Argentinacompletion of the project. The theoretical J. Sound Vib., 29 (1), pp 13-16 (Mar 8,basis of the finite element is the following: 1985), 1 fig, 3 tables, 7 refsshear deformation version of the Sanderstheory for doubly-curved shells used while KEY WORDS: Circular plates, Axisymmetricaccounting for the large rotations of the vibrations, Natural frequencies, Mode shapesvon Karman theory and arbitrary laminationof orthotropic layers. As a special case, The tide problem is tackled in the casewhen the principal curvatures are set to where the in-plane state of stress is de-zero, one can obtain the Mindlin shear scribed by Lame's solution. The platedeformation theory of laminated plates. edges are elastically restrained againstExact solutions of the linear theory, for rotation. An approximate solution is ob-certain lamination schemes and boundary tained by using polynomial co-ordinateconditions, were also obtained to validate functions to represent the fundamental modethe finite element solutions. The finite shape and employing a variational formula-clement program is used to analyze both tion to generate the frequency equation.static and transient behavior of plates andshells.

85-2288Transverse Vibrations of Composite Pieso-

85-2286 electric Polymer PlatesAxisymmetric Vibrations of Polar Ordiotrop- D. Rickettsic Mihmin Annular Plates of Variable Raytheon Co., Portsmouth, RIThickness J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 7 (5), pp 1939-1945U.S. Gupta, R. Lal (May 1985), 2 figs, 7 refsUniv. of Roorkee, Roorkee-247672, IndiaJ. Sound Vib., 2. (4), pp 565-573 (Feb 22, KEY WORDS: Rectangular plates, Composite1985), 4 figs, 10 refs structures, Piezoelectric properties, Flexural

vibrationsKEY WORDS: Annular plates, Variablecross section, Transverse shear deformation Free transverse vibrations of the multilay-effects, Rotatory inertia effects, Chebyshev ered rectangular plate are considered. Thepolynomials composite plate consists of 2n orthotropic

'3• ... "-.

-.- ..

layers symmetrically located about the Extension, bending and in-plane shearmidplane, where the central (n and n + 1) deformations in stiff layers and only trans-layers are piezoelectric polymer. Using the verse shear deformations in soft layers areRayleigh method, closed formulas are ob- considered as in conventional sandwichrained for the frequencies of flexural vibra- structural analysis. In addition to transversetion. A generalized frequency expression is inertia, longitudinal translatory and rotarypresented in terms of definite integrals inertias are included.containing the characteristic functions.

85-2291Fo-2289 Transfer &,attix Analysis of Nonlinear Free .Free Vibration of Reetangulat Plates Stiff- Vibtations of Circular Plates with Variableened with Viscoelastic Beams ThicknessK. Ohtomi H. Sato, C. ShimizuToshiba Res. and Dev. Ctt., Kawasaki, Kanazawa Univ., Kanazawa, JapanJapan J. Sound Vib., 2 (4), pp 587-595 (Dec 22,J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, U (2), pp 1984), 7 figs, I table, 10 refs397-401 (June 1985), 5 figs, 4 refs

KEY WORDS: Circular plates, VariableKEY WORDS: Rectangular plates, Stiffened cross section, Axisymmetric vibrations,plates, Beams, Stiffener effects Transfer matrix method

This investigation treats the free vibration The linear and nonlinear (large amplitude),of a simply supported rectangular plate, axisymmetric free vibration of a circularstiffened with viscoelastic beams. Using a plate of variable thickness, with immovableconvenient method in which the effects of edges, is analyzed by applying the transferbeams are expressed with Dirac delta matrix method. Two types of circular platefunctions, the equation of motion can be are studied: the stepped thickness plate andexpressed by only one equation. The the continuously variable thickness plate.frequency equation is obtained by applyingthe Laplace transformation to the equationof motion. The effects of the volume andthe number of beams on the frequency andthe logarithmic decrement are clarified. 85-2292

Theoretical and Ezperimental Investigatienof the Divetgence and Flutter of DtazPlaten SuperheatersJ. Counihan

8i-1290 Central Electricity Res. Labs., Leatherhead,V..aem sad Damping Analysis of Multi- Surrey, UKlayered Eeceangidar Plates wi Cnstzained Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2,Visecalamc Layers Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in CrossN Alar. %I . Asnarm Flow, ASME Winter annual mtg., NewAMI Ajigach. India Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 135-149,SSound .ib., 21 (4), pp 597-614 (Dec 22, 14 figs, 12 refs1984). 6 figs, 2 tables, 13 refs

KEY WORDS: Platens, Heat exchangers,KEY WR RS Rectangular plates, Layered Flutter, Fluid-induced excitationmaterials, Material damping

Fretting and eventual rupture of many of r .evGoverning equations of motion for vibra- the platen superheater tubes in power sta- - -tions of a general multilayeted plate con- tion boilers led to a number of unscheduledssatng of an arbitrary number of alternate outages. Visual observation of the platensstiff and soft layers of orthottopic materials suggested that they were being subjected toare derived by using variational principles, a flutter motion which is an aeroelastic

* 54

. . . .o. . . .-.

motion consisting of combined bending and tics of partly-filled cylindrical tanks istorsion. To obtain a quick assessment of presented. The liquid is assumed to bewhether this was possible the initial flutter inviscid and incompressible. The tank shellcalculations were carried out using quasi- is assumed to be of constant thickness andsteady aerodynamic theory. The actual its material to be linearly elastic. Underplaten aerodynamics were determined from these assumptions, two coupled partialwind tunnel model tests and used with the differential equations govern the vibrationsmore accurate unsteady aerodynamic theory of the shell. Because the tank is partly- -...to determine critical flutter speeds, filled with liquid, two different solutions are .-.. ,

obtained for the lower (wet) and upper(dry) portions of the shell.

SHELLS

95-2295Azisymmetrical Vibratioms of Tanks-

85-2293 NumericalRapid Calculation of Mode Parfcipation M.A. Haroun, M.A. TayelFactors for Circular Cylindrical Shell& Univ. of California, Irvine, CA 92717J.W. Tedesco, C.N. Kostem, A. Kalnins ASCE, J. Engrg. Mech., 111 (3) pp 329-345Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL (Mar 1985) 8 figs, 5 tables, 11 refsComputers Struc., 20 (1-3), pp 509-515(1985), 8 figs, 2 tables, 14 refs KEY WORDS: Tanks (containers), Cylindri-

cal shells, Fluid-filled containers, Axisym-KEY WORDS: Tanks (containers), Cylindri- metric vibrations, Numerical methodscal shells, Seismic response, Base excitation

A numerical study of the axisymmetricalDetermination of the seismic response of dynamic characteristics of pardy-filledcircular cylindrical tanks when subjected to tanks is carried out. Natural frequencieshorizontal base excitation requires extensive and mode shapes are evaluated by meanscomputational effort. To simplify the of a discretization scheme in which thecomputation of the mode participation shell is modeled by finite elements and thefactor of the tanks, an analytical procedure liquid region is treated analytically. Thewas developed and is presented herein. The distribution of the hydrodynamic pressurebase excitation is defined via spectrum along the inner surface of the shell as welltechnique. The shells considered in the as the distribution of shell stresses arestudy have a height to diameter ratio displayed.between 0.1 and 1.5, inclusive. A''

85-2296Dynamics and Stability of Coaxial Cylindri-

85-2294 cal Shells Conveying Viacous FluidAzasymmetrical V'brcsions of Tanks -Ana- M.P. Paidoussis, A.K. Mists, S.P. Chanlytical McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec, CanadaM.A. Haroun, M.A. Tayel H3A 2K6Univ. of California, Irvine, CA 92717 J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, U2 (2), ppASCE J. Engrg. Mech., 111 (3), pp 346-358 389-396 (June 1985), 3 figs, 4 tables, 15(Mar 1985), 7 figs, 3 tables, 9 refs refs

KEY WORDS: Tanks (containers), Cylindri- KEY WORDS: Cylindrical shells, Concentric . "

cal shells, Fluid-filled containers, Axisym- structures, Fluid-filled containers, Viscosity -'----

metric vibrations effects

An analytical method for the computation The dynamics and stability characteristicsof the axisymmetrical dynamic chatacteris- of coaxial cylindrical shells containing

55

. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . ... . . . . . . .

-..,.". .-.. . . . . . . . ....-. -.- ° , - •'... -. .. •. •. • ,.-_• - . ... ...-. ".... -... ... .-.. . .-

-~K .7.'-'

incompressible, viscous fluid flow are stress-resultant constitutive matrix is dis-examined. Upstream pressurization of the cussed. A formulation which produces noflow (to overcome frictional pressure drop) strain under rigid body rotations is pre-and skin friction on the shell surfaces are sented. The rotating crack model for thetaken into account, generating time-mean analysis of reinforced concrete slab andnormal and tangential loading on the shells, shell structures is also presented. Compari-Shell motions are described by Flugge's thin sons with experimental results are included.shell equations, suitably modified to incor-porate the time-mean stress resultants aris-ing from viscous effects. ."

4 85-2299 .

Forces on the Vibrating Centrebody of anAnnulr Diffuse"

85-2297 A. Spurr, D.E. HobsonFree Vi'bration of an Oblique Circular CEGB Marchwood Engrg. Labs., March-Cylim rcal Shell wood, Southampton, UKT. Iie, G. Yamada, Y. Muramoto Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 4,Hokkaido Univ., Sapporo 060 Japan Vibration Induced by Axial and Annular i -J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 7 (5) pp 1834-1839 Flows, ASME Winter annual mtg., New 7 -7-

(May 1985) 5 figs, 2 tables, 20 refs Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 41-52, 7figs, 1 table, 7 refs

KEY WORDS: Cylindrical shells, Circularshells, Natural frequencies, Mode shapes KEY WORDS: Fluid-induced excitation,

Cylindrical shells, Concentric structures,An analysis is presented for the free vibra- Force predictiontion of an oblique circular cylindrical shell.For this purpose, the shell is transformed The unsteady forces caused by the flowinto a circular cylindrical shell of unit down an annulus formed between a fixedaxial length by a transformation of vatn- outer cylinder and a vibrating centerbodyables. The deflection displacements of the have been measured over a range of fre-transformed shell are expressed in a series quencies. It is found that the forces areof the products of the eigenfunctions of an particularly sensitive to the amount ofaxial beam and the trigonometric functions pressure recovery which takes place whenof angular coordinate. The dynamical the annulus is terminated in annular dif-

S-energies of the shell are evaluated, and the fuser and that high recovery leads to forces" frequency equation is derived by the Ritz on the centerbody; these are in phase with

method. centerbody velocity and therefore likely tolead to coupled fluid/structure self-excitedvibrations. -

"" 8--2298

The Application of the Rotating CrackModel to the Analysis of Reinforced Con- PIPES AND TUBESCrete ShellR.V. Milford, W.C. SchnobnichNational Bldg. Res. Inst., Pretoria, SouthAfrtic a

SComputers Struc., 20 (1-3), pp 225-234 85-2300(1985), 9 figs, 21 refs Pipe to Pipe Impact

M.C.C. Bampton, J.M. Alzheimer, J.R.KEY WORDS: Shells, Reinforced concrete, Friley, F.A. SimonenCrack propagation, Cooling towers Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland,

WAThe formulation of degenerated shell Rept. No. PNL-SA-12426, CONF-840763-5,elements using explicit integration and a 15 pp (June 1984), DE85000368/GAR

56

-'z .p -N,

KEY WORDS: Pipes, Impact pairs KEY WORDS: Pipelines, Nudear reactor %..ncomponents, Seismic response *..

Existing licensing criteria express whatdamage shall be assumed for various pipe Inelastic analysis of a ptototypic liquidsizes as a consequence of a postulated metal fast breeder reactor piping system isbreak in a high energy system. The purpose generally performed without explicit consid-of the program described is to evaluate the eration of time-dependent seismic loading.criteria by means of a combined experi- This paper presents an approximate proce-mental and analytical approach. A special- dure to simulate dynamic seismic loading asized impact machine was designed and an equivalent static load for inelastic analy- "."', "fabricated for the test program. Specimens sis. This procedure utilizes the results of -. .

were impacted while at PWR conditions. the available linear seismic response spec- -.......

trum analysis to calculate external (statical- , .0

ly equivalent) loads.

85-2301 -.Seismic Damping Factors of Small BorePiping as Influenced by Insulation and 5-2303

Support Elements An Improved Mathematical Model for theL.K. Severud, M.J. Anderson, D.A. Barta Stability of Cylinder Rows Subject toWestinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA Ctoss-low99352 S.J. Price, M.P. PaidoussisJ. Pressure Vessel Tech., Trans. ASME, JZ McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec, Canada(2), pp 142-147 (May 1985), 14 figs, I J. Sound Vib., 2Z (4), pp 615-640 (Dec 22,table, 9 refs 1984), 7 figs, 5 tables, 38 refs

KEY WORDS: Pipelines, Nuclear reactor KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid-inducedcomponents, Seismic tests, Snubbers, Damp- excitationing characteristics

Linearized, quasi-static, fluid force coeffi-Seismic damping tests of a prototypical cient data obtained from wind tunnel testsliquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) are used in an analysis of the fluidelasticsmall bore piping system is described, and stability of a double row of flexible circu-measured transient responses to pulse exci- lar cylinders subject to a cross-flow. Al-tations are reported. The test specimen though the analysis is quasi-static, frequencywas representative of a typical LMFBR dependent terms are obtained in the aerody-insulated small bore piping system, and it namic stiffness and damping matrices. Thiswas supported from a rigid test frame by analysis is used to investigate the effects ofprototypic dead weight supports, mechanical a number of parameters on the critical flowsnubbers, and pipe clamps. Various support velocity and the theoretical results areconfigurations were tested to assess the compared with those available in the litera-response sensitivity to insulation and other ture.nonlinear support characteristics.

85-2304Acoustic Resonance in Heat Exchanger Tube

85-2302 Banks. Second Anmual ReportA Procedure to Incorporate Effects of R.D. BlevinsSeismic Evens in a Quasi-Static Piping GA Technolgies, Inc., San Diego, CASystem Inelastic Analysis Rept. No. GA-A-17779, 59 pp (Nov 1984),D.F. Rotoloni, A.K. Dhalla DE85004395/GAR "1Atomic Power Lab., West Mifflin, PA 15122J. Pressure Vessel Tech., Trans. ASME, JjZ KEY WORDS: 'i be arrays, Fluid induced(2), pp 157-164 (May 1985), 8 figs, 3 ta- excitation, Vortex shedding, Acoustic reso- . . 'bles, 7 refs nance

57

*."-.".-....

The fluid mechanics of acoustic resonance cylinders in axial flow, in the sub-criticalin heat exchanger rube bundles was studied flow regime (i.e., at flow velocities below

- using a wind tunnel model and an analyti- the threshold for fluid-elastic instabilities).cal model. Using the wind tunnel, the The vibration is excited by the random .'ability of coherent sound to shift the natu- pressure fluctuations in the turbulent flow ". .

ral frequency of vortex shedding was acting on the cylinders. Correlation of thedemonstrated. Acoustic resonance due to excitation field is assumed to exist, with -vortex shedding from tube arrays was appropriate length scales, not only on the

- observed. The acoustic mode of the reso- same cylinder, but also on adjacent cylin-nance was measured, and found to agree der& in the cluster.well with analytical predictions.

85--230785-2305 Vortex Shedding and Acoustac Resonance inA Simplified Finite for Added Mass and a Staggered-Yawed Array of TubesInertial Coupling in Arrays of Cylinders S. Ziada, U. Bolleter, Y.N. ChenR.E. Harris, M.A. Dokainish, D.S. Weaver Sulzer Brothers Ltd., Winterthur, SwitzerlandMcMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2,

* J. Pressure Vessel Tech., Trans. ASME, .In Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross . .(2), pp 118-125 (May 1985), 8 figs, 13 refs Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New

Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 227-241,KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid-induced 13 figs, 16 refsexcitation, Finite element technique

KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Flow-inducedA simplified finite element has been devel- excitation, Yaw angle, Vortex shedding,oped for modeling the added mass and Acoustic resonanceinertial coupling arising when clusters ofcylinders vibrate in a quiescent fluid. The The effect of the tube yaw relative to theelement, which is based on two-dimensional incident flow on flow induced vibrations inpotential flow theory, directly couples two tube banks is experimentally examined. Itadjacent beam elements representing por- is shown that the yaw angle has a strongtions of the adjacent cylindrical structures, effect on damping flow excitations such asThe primary advantage of this approach vorticity shedding, turbulent buffeting, andover existing methods is that it does not acoustic resonance.require the discretization of the surroundingfluid and, therefore, is computationallymuch more efficient.

85-230"Turbulent Buffeting of Tube Arrays inLiquid Crossflow

85-2306 J.B. Sandifer, R.T. BaileyAn Analytical Model for Vibration of la.- Babcock and Wilcox Co., Alliance, OHtees of Flexible Cylinders in Turbulent Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2,Axial Flow Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in CrossM.P. Paidoussis, L.R. Curling Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., NewMcGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec, Canada Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 211-226,J. Sound Vib., 91 (4), pp 493-517 (Feb 22, 14 figs, 6 refs1985), 12 figs, 40 refs

KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Heat exchang- .-KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid induced ers, Fluid-induced excitation, Buffeting,

- excitation Turbulence

This paper describes an analytical model The response of heat exchanger tubes duefor the flow-induced vibration of clusters of to turbulent buffeting from the shell-side

* 58

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.- .. .. . .'. ."".,..''. ". ' ..'.?-?-.-.-. ". ."." -. '" . ' . . . "--.. . . . " " .:" . "."'"-.

-T-T-77"T F. .76-727777.

fluid is very difficult to predict analyti- KEY WORDS: Heat exchangers, Tube at- .--cally. In order to make turbulence reas- rays, Fluid-induced excitation, Fluid elasticurements in the tube bundle, it is desirable instability, Experimental datato use noninvasive methods that will notdisturb the phenomenon being measured. The fluidelastic response of a single flex-The Laser Doppler Velocimeter is ideal for ible cylinder in an array of rigid cylindersmaking these measurements and was chosen subject to cross-flow has been investigated.for these tests. The results present both Experiments were done in two wind tunnelsthe behavior of the turbulence excitation on three different types of array. Mea-and the structural response of the tubes in surements of vibration were made in boththe bundle as well as a state-of-the art the in-flow and cross-flow directions, takingprediction of the response. not only the vibration amplitudes, but also-,'-.

the power spectral density of the responseover a wide frequency range and over abroad range of flow velocities.

* 85-2309Buffeting of Cylindrical Arrays in CrossFlowS.D. Savkar 85-2311General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY A Flow Visualization Study of a SquareFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2, Array of Tubes in Water Cross-FlowVibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross D.S. Weaver, A. Abd-RabboFlow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ontario, CanadaOrleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 195-210, Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2,21 figs, 9 refs Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross

Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., NewKEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid-induced Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 165-177, 8excitation, Buffeting figs, 20 refs

The unsteady forces induced on arrays of KEY WORDS: Heat exchangers, Tube ar-rigid cylinders immersed in cross flows of rays, Fluid-induced excitation, Photographicvarying levels of inflow turbulence are techniquesdiscussed. It is found that the behavior oftube arrays cannot be readily gleaned by A flow visualization technique has beenexamining simple problems of interference, developed to study the flow behavior insuch as two inline cylinders. The detailed tube arrays in cross-flow. The technique isexamination of cross flow induced forces on used to examine flow development in atube arrays presented here is believed to be square array with a pitch ratio of 1.5.unique. Detailed data of significance to Results are presented for turbulence, vortexdesigners of cylindrical and tube array shedding and fluidelastic instability visuali-components are presented. zation photographs and associated frequency

spectra and response curves.

85-2310 S

An Experimental Stability Analysis of aSingle Flexible Cylinder Positioned in an 85-2312Array of Rigid Cylinders and Subject to Measurement of the Destabilizing Forces onCross-Flow a Vibrating Tube in a Fluid Cross FlowS.J. Price, B. Mark, M.P. Paidoussis H.G.D. Goyder, C.E. TehMcGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec, Canada AERE Harwell, UKFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2, Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2,Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in CrossFlow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., NewOrleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 179-194, Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 151-163, 813 figs, 1 table, 19 refs figs, 1 table, 7 refs

• -. -.'

59

.0......

. . . . . . .. - -'. .

- . - - - . . ..--.--.-.- .-.r.,,

KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid-induced Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Crossexcitation, Force measurement, Measure- Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New .. ,.,ment techniques Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 285-304,

14 figs, 4 tables, 15 refs - .An experimental investigation has beenconducted into the dynamic stability of a KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid-induced wtube in a tube bundle with a fluid cross excitation, Structure-support interaction, ,-flow. In particular, the stability of a single Platesflexible tube in a bundle of rigid tubes hasbeen studied. An accurate experimental Three series of tests are performed to %technique has been developed which enables evaluate the effects of tube to tube-sup-the destabilizing fluid forces to be meas- port-plate (TSP) clearance on tube dynamicured. characteristics and instability phenomena for _..,_

tube arrays in crossflow. Test results showthat, for relatively large clearances, tubesmay possess TSP-inactive modes in whichthe tubes rattle inside some of the tube-

85-2313 support-plate holes, and that the naturalFluidelasuc Instability in Shell and Tube frequencies of TSP-inactive modes areHeat Exchangers - A Framework for a lower than those of TSP-active modes, inPrediction Method which the support plates provide knife-edgeM.W. Wambsganss, C.I. Yang, H. Halle type support.Argonne National Lab., Argonne, ILFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3,Vibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME WinterAnnual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14,1984, pp 103-118, 15 figs, 2 tables, 19 refs 85-2315

Flow-Induced Vibration and Fluid DynamicsKEY WORDS: Heat exchangers, Tube ar- of Radial Bundles of Heat-Exchanger Tubesrays, Fluid induced excitation, Prediction in Cross Flowtechniques, Fluidelastic instability A.A. Zukauskas, V.J. Katinas

Academy of Sciences of the LithuanianA framework for a method to predict flu- SSR, Kaunas, USSRidelastic instability in heat exchanger tube Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2, ..-bundles is presented. The method relies on Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross . - -a computer code to obtain a simulation of Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New --....the three-dimensional flow distribution Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 305-315, 8widin the heat exchanger. With this infor- figs, 9 refsmation, local crossflow velocities corte-sponding to each tube in the exchanger are KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Heat exchang-obtained by interpolation and resultant ers, Fluid-induced excitation, Vortex-inducedcrossflow velocity distributions are Com- vibration, Experimental dataputed. With a knowledge of the vibrationmode shapes and frequencies, reduced This paper presents a study of the fluid-effective crossflow velocities are then dynamical and vibration parameters oncomputed for each tube. staggered and in-line radial bundles and on S

a model of a radial bundle of tubes of partof a heat exchanger in a cross flow of .water and air.

* 85-2314 ~Dynamics of Tubes in Fluid with Tube-Baffle InteractionS.S. Chen, J.A. Jendrzejczyk, M.W. 55-2316Wambsganss An Investigation of Open Lane Effects onArgonne National Lab., Argonne, IL Flow-Induced Vibrations in Tube Bundles for " ' "Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2, Heat Exchangers .-

60

. . . . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... . .

D.L. Huff, P.C. Lam, J.B. Sandifer J.M. ChenowethUniv. of Akron, Akron, OH Heat Transfer Research, Inc., Alhambra, CA V";Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3, Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3,Vibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME Winter Vibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME WinterAnnual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, Annual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14,1984, pp 73-86, 10 figs, 2 tables, 9 refs 1984, pp 33-43, 10 figs, 10 refs

KEY WORDS: Heat exchangers, Tube ar- KEY WORDS: Heat exchangers, Fluid-in-rays, Fluid-induced excitation, Critical flow duced excitation, Vibration control, Fluid- -

velocity elastic instability

Open lane effects on flow-induced vibration A new design concept called Fiver, anin heat exchanger tube bundles subjected to acronym for Fluidelastic Instability Vibrationcrossflow are investigated. A rotated ttian- Evasion Restraints, has been conceived thatgular array of tubes was tested in a wind will extend the useful operating range fortunnel to obtain critical velocities for uni- shell-and-tube heat exchangers. Flow-in-form flow instability. A theoretical correc- duced tube vibration damage can be avoidedtion factor was developed predicting the with a slight increase in the shellside pres-critical velocities for nonuniform flow sure drop. The principle has been success-caused by open lanes. The correction fully demonstrated in isothermalfactor can be multiplied by the critical experiments in an industrial-sized testvelocity predictions from existing models exchanger using a bundle with a squarefor uniform crossflow. tubefield layout.

55-2317 55-2319Flow-Induced Vibration of a Tube Array Flow-lduced Tube Vi'bratia. Thresholds inwith an Open Lane Heat Exchangers from Shellside Water TestsD.K. Johnson, W.G. Schneider H. Halle, J.M. Chenoweth, M.W. Wambs-Babcock & Wilcox Co., Alliance, OH gangs -- -s

Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3, Argonne National Lab., Argonne, ILVibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME Winter Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3,Annual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, Vibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME Winter1984, pp 63-72, 4 figs, 3 tables, 7 refs Annual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14,

1984, pp 17-32, 5 figs, 5 tables, 15 refsKEY WORDS: Heat exchangers, Tube at- . . ,rays, Fluid-induced excitation, Experimental KEY WORDS: Heat exchangers, Fluid-in-data duced excitation, Vibration tests, Experimen-

tal dataOpen lanes often exist in heat exchangertube arrays. This paper presents the results Typical industrial shell-and-tube heat ex-of an in-water test program that was used changer configurations are investigatedto determine velocity distributions and tube experimentally for the occurrence of poten-stability. Test results included the upstream tially damaging tube vibration as a functionand downstream flow distribution as well as of flowrate. The effort is part of a pro-the distribution across the lane and between gram to develop vibration avoidance criteriathe tubes. to be integrated and optimized with the

advanced thermal, hydraulic, and mechani-cal design methods now available.

g5-2318Fiver - A New Design Concept to Prevent 85-2320Tube Damage From Flow-Induced Vi'bration Flows and Flow Induced Vibrations in Largein Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers Condensers

61

....................... lobe

-7:- -~~~~Y --A- r.-'-2 R-J-W.

J.L. Godon Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 117-128, 5 % %Department Tr ansf erts Thermiques et figs, 19 refs a-.-

Aerodynamique, Electricite de France,Chatou, France KEY WORDS: Pipes, Fluid-induced excita-Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3, tion, Parametric resonance, CombinationVibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME Winter resonanceAnnual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14,1984, pp 1-16, 14 figs, 3 tables, 4 refs Velocity and pressure pulsations of flowing*fluids in pipes which cause parametric and

KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid induced combination resonances of these pines isexcitation, Condensers studied. A modification of Metder's method

regarding a straight pipe and using closed-The behavior under vibration of full-scale form solutions are given for the principaltubes laid out in a bundle put into a test regions of parametric and combinationrig and subjected to cross flow of low resonances.pressure steam is examined.

1 83-232383-2321 Steam Generator Tube/robe Support Plate

-A Theoretical Model foe Vibration Analysis interaction Characteristicsof Cylinders in Axial Flow K.H. Haslinger, D.A. SteiningerL.R. Curling, J.O. Gagnon Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, CTMcGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec, Canada Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3,Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 4, Vibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME WinterVibration Induced by Axial and Annular Annual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14,Flows, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New 1984, pp 45-61, 14 figs, 3 tables, 11 refsOrleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 105-115, 3figs, 33 refs KEY WORDS: Tubes, Supports, Boilers,

Fluid induced excitation, Structure-supportKEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid-induced interactionexcitation, Mathematical models

The work performed to characterize steamA new analytical model is proposed for the generator tube-to-tube support vibrationanalysis of flow-induced vibration of clus- behavior over a wide range of simulatedters of cylinders in axial flow. In the cross-flow excitation conditions is de-model, cylinder vibration is assumed to be scribed. Several tube alignment and sup-excited by random pressure fluctuations in port clearance conditions are considered.turbulent flow. The model does not neglect Test results are intended as input to sin-hydrodynamic coupling between pressure gle-span tube autoclave wear tests, and arefields on neighboring cylinders, nor does it expected, when coupled with wear results,neglect inertial and viscous inter-cylinder to enable prediction of the long term fret-hydrodynamic coupling. ting behavior of steam generator tubes.

85-232485-2322 A Rational Algorithm foe Predicting Vi'bra-Parametric and Combination Resonances of tion-Induced Damage to Tube and SaellPipes Conveying Pulsatile Fluids Heat Exchangers0. Becker R.D. BlevinsIngenieurhochschule Zittau, Zittau, German GA Technologies Inc., San Diego, CADemocratic Rep. Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3, ".-Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 4, Vibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME WinterVibration Induced by Axial and Annular Annual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14,Flows, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New 1984, pp 87-101, 6 figs, 7 tables, 18 refs

62

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.. .. .. . . .. . . . . . "--. .. *. .. " -

4 .. ... .. IS *SII Il..* . . *.... .... .. -' .. .

.Z.

KEY WORDS: Heat exchangers, Tubes, The vibro-impact response of a straightFluid-induced excitation, Damage prediction part of a steam generator tube is investi-

gated experim entally, using numericalA series of calculations for the estimation simulation, with the aim of relating tubeof tube damage due to cross flow in shell overall dynamics with excitation and tube- V.,and tube heat exchangers is presented. The support clearance.

ialgorithm explicitly treats both nonlinear 0' --- ,interaction of the tube with a gap in a -. ,.'

support plate and the damage induced bythe subsequent impacting.

85-2327 ,e - 'Influence of Stream Turbulence Intensityand Eddy Size on the Fluctuating PressureForces an a Single Tube

85-2325 C. Norberg, B. SundenVibration of Tube Bundles Subjected to Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Gothenburg,Two-Phase Cress-Flow SwedenM.J. Pettigrew, J.H. Tromp, M. Mastorakos Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 1,Atomic energy of Canada Limited, Chalk Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies in .__River, Ontario, Canada Cross Plow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New ,*Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2, Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 43-56, 10

Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross figs, 23 refsFlow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., NewOrleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 251-268, KEY WORDS: Tubes, Fluid-induced excita-14 figs, 13 refs tion, Turbulence

KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Flow-induced A systematic investigation of the influenceexcitation, Experimental data, Damping of stream turbulence on the pressure forcescoefficients, Fluidelastic instability on a single tube is presented. Results are

presented for the mean and fluctuatingTwo-phase crossflow exists in many shell- pressures including spectral distributions,and-tube heat exchangers such as condens- skewness and flatness factors of the fluctu-crs, reboilets and nuclear steam generators. ating pressure. The rms force coefficientsA comprehensive program to study tube were estimated using the phase differencesbundle vibrations subjected to two-phase and rms pressure coefficients around thecross-flow is being conducted. The results tube.of experiments on a normal-triangular and anormal-square tube bundle, both of p/d =

1.47, are presented.

83-2328Effects of Scale an Parameters Associatedwith Flow Induced Noise in Tube Arrays

85-2326 J.A. Fitzpatrick, I.S. DonaldsonExperimental Study of Tube/Support Impact Trinity College, Dublin, IrelandForces in Multi-Span PWR Steam Generator Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2,Tubes Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in CrossF. Axisa, A. Desseaux, R.J. Gibert Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., NewCentre Etudes Nucleaires Saclay, Saclay, Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 243-250, 4France figs, 1 table, 16 refsFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3,Vibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME Winter KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Flow-inducedAnnual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, excitation. Noise generation, Geometric1984, pp 139-148, 14 figs, 2 tables, 11 refs effects, Damping coefficients

KEY WORDS: Tubes, Boilers, Interaction: Parameters to correlate information on

structure-support, Fluid-induced excitation acoustic resonance and damping in cross

63

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i7. 5"'- i.- - '.- .. £- i '_.;- -i 7 ' - .; L -: "- -. . . ..'- . -.. - - '. .. .. .: _- i . .. 4- -. V:- : - : ? -i

flow heat exchanger models are reviewed. bundles, is described. The model is anThe results of a series of tests to examine extension of the tube-in-channel physical .-.the effect of scale on the damping parame- representation which examined transverseters are reported and a new parameter to dynamic stability of tube arrays. Theestimate the damping capacity of a tube theory has been modified and extended totank is suggested, treat static divergence as well as fluidelas-

tic stability in both streamwise and trans- .- .verse directions to the flow.

85-2329VYibration of Tube Bundles Subjected to .Aik-Water and Steam-Water Cross Flow: 85-2331Preliminary Results a Fluidelastic hastabil- On the Stability Behaviout of Heat Ex-ity changer Tube Bundles: Part ]I- NumericalF. Axis&, B. Villard, R.J. Gibert, G. Hets- Results and Comparison with Ezperimentstoni J.H. Lever, D.S. WeaverCentre Etudes Nuclesires, Saclay, France Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St.Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2, John's, Newfoundland, CanadaVibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross Flow Induced Vibrations SyMp., Vol. 2,Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in CrossOrleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 269-284, Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New13 figs, 11 refs Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 99-116, 12

figs, 2 tables, 27 refsKEY WORDS: TuLe arrays, Flow-inducedexcitation KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Heat exchang-

ers, Fluid-induced excitation, FluidelasticPartial results of flow induced vibration in instabilitya square pitch tube bundle successivelysubjected to air-water flow and steam-water Theoretical stability threshold curves areflow are presented. The most prominent determined for standard heat exchanger tubevibration excitation mechanism observed bundle geometries based on a first princi-was fluidelastic instability, pies model. An investigation into the sensi-

tivity of the predicted threshold curves onvariations in model parameters is alsopresented.

85-2330

On the Stabffity Behaviour of Heat Ex-changer Tube Bundles: Pat 1: ModifiedTheoretical Model 85-2332J.H. Lever, D.S. Weaver A Semi-Potential Flow Theory for theMemorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. Dynamics of Cylinder Arrays in Cross FlowJohn's, Newfoundland, Canada M.P. Paidoussis, S.J. Price, D. MavriplisFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2, McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec, CanadaVibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2,Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in CrossOrleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 83-97, 2 Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., Newfigs, 36 refs Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 67-81, 4

figs, 31 refsKEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Heat exchang-ers, Fluid-induced excitation, Fluidelastic KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid-inducedinstability excitation, Fluidelastic instability -T 7

A simple theoretical model, developed from A semi-analytical model is presented whichfirst principles for cross flow induced flu- involves the superposition of the empirically

*. idelastic instabilities in heat exchanger tube determined cross flow about a cylinder in - -

64-

.j .j . .~P . .I .J ... .. ..~A~ .~

an array and the analytically determined A physical mathematical model based onvibration-induced flow field in still fluid, potential flow approximation has beenfor the purpose of analyzing the stability of developed, describing the vibrational behav-cylinder arrays in cross flow and predicting iot of tube arrays subjected to liquid cross -

the threshold of fluidelasic instability, flow. In this model the first order effectof tube displacements is accounted for;therefore the model enables predicting criti-cal buckling and flutter velocities.

*" 85-2333 .- "-'...

A Theoraical Investigation of the Fluidelas-tic Instability of a Single Flexible CylinderSwounded by Rigid Cylinders 85-2335S.J. Price, M.P. Paidoussis Clasuificatim of Flow-Induced OscillaionsMcGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec, Canada of Two Paraliel Circular Cylinders inFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2, Various ArrangementsVibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross M.M. ZdravkovichFlow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New Univ. of Salford, Salford, UKOrleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 117-133, 7 Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2,figs, 1 table, 31 refs Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross

Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., NewKEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid-induced Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 1-18, 11excitation, Critical flow velocity, Damping figs, 2 tables, 42 refa a.-. -effects, Fluidelastic instability

KEY WORDS: Circular cylinders, Fluid-in-A quasi-static fluidelastic analysis is devel- duced excitation, Tube arraysoped for a single flexible cylinder sur- h.A:rounded by rigid cylinders and subject to A wide variety of flow-induced oscillationscross-flow. Although the analysis is quasi- of two parallel circular cylinders havestatic, it includes a frequency-dependent occurred in engineering applications. Theterm which arises because of flow retarda- flow interference between two cylinders,

* tion around the front stagnation region of which depends on their spacing and orients-the cylinder. The combined effect of this tdon relative to the free stream, wasflow retardation and of the fluid force field responsible for a series of new kinds ofis to produce, for some inter-cylinder pat- excitation. Three categories of interferenceterns of motion, a negative fluid damping, are proposed based on the available experi-acting in the sense normal to the flow mental data: proximity, proximity-and-wake

. direction. Using this analysis, the effect of and wake interference. Each category ofarray pattern of the adjacent rigid cylinders interference is discussed separately withis investigated, relevant excitations in terms of the reduced

velocity, mass ratio, structural damping andnumber of degrees of freedom of twocylinders.

8-2334* Self-Induced Instabilities of Parallel Tubes

in Potemial Cros-FlowP.J.M. van der Hoogt, D.H. van CampenTwente Univ. of Technology, Enschede, TheNetherlands 85-2336

. Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 2, Flow-Induced Vibtations of In-Line Tube- Vibration of Arrays of Cylinders in Cross Banks

Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New Y.N. Chen*Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 53-66, 7 Sulzer Brothers Ltd., Winterthur, Switzerland

figs, 1 table, 9 refs Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3,Vibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME Winter

" KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid-induced Annual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14," excitation, Dynamic buckling, Flutter 1984, pp 163-170, 5 figs, 6 refs

65. • . ...

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. . . . ...2 " ' - -, " .-' i - -- i i. . . ' " ? - ,-''--''- ~ .i.. , - . - .- .--,-- i -. ,' .- - ' . - . " - " . - ..

KEY WORDS: Tube arrays, Fluid-induced T. Kawashima, T. Shimogoexcitation, Heat exchangers, Vortex shedding Keio Univ., Yokohama, Japan

Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 1, .. "Since the flow goes directly through the Excitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies ingaps of an in-line tube bank, the shedding Cross Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., Newof the vortices is controlled primarily by Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 145-158, 6the jet, which is secondarily coupled with figs, 8 refsthe staggered Karman-vortex arrangement. -. '.The jet is periodically disturbed by the KEY WORDS: Pipes, Underwater pipelines,tubes in the longitudinal direction. The Fluid-induced excitation, Suspended struc-main parameters for the vortex-shedding tures, Joints ' ..frequency are therefore the gap and longi-tudinal tube spacing. This theory is con- The dynamic behavior of a long pipe, verti-firmed by experimental data. cally suspended in water by a single-

moored-buoy, was analyzed, and thedynamic stability of the pipe excited by arandom motion of the buoy was examinedtheoretically.

85-2337Overview an the Development and Imple-

mntation of Methodologies to ComputeVibration and Wear of Steam GeneratorTubes 85-2339T.M. Frick, T.E. Sobek, J.R. Reavis Leakage-Flow-Induced Vibration of a Tube- .-

Westinghouse Steam Generator Technology in-Tube Slip J- o-tDiv., Pittsburgh, PA T.M. MulcahyFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 3, Argonne National Lab., Argonne, ILVibration in Heat Exchangers, ASME Winter Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 4,Annual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, Vibration Induced by Axial and Annular i..

*1984, pp 149-161, 7 figs, 3 tables, 7 refs Flows, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., NewOrleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 15-24, 5

KEY WORDS: Tubes, Fluid-induced excita- figs, 1 table, 7 refstion, Wear, Boilers, Nonlinear theories

KEY WORDS: Tubes, Fluid-induced vibra-Recent developments in random data tion, Slip joints, Nuclear reactor componentsmeasuring and analysis techniques, nonlinearfinite element modeling, computer hardware The susceptibility of a cantilevered tubeand software, and wear testing techniques conveying water to self-excitation by leak-have been integrated into a single straight- age flow through a slip joint is assessedforward procedure to compute the wear experimentally. Variations of the slip jointhistory of steam generator tubes. This annular gaps and engagement lengths are

, integrated procedure produces vibration and tested, and several mechanisms for self-wear information which has been qualified excitation are described.against test and actual field wear and usedas the basis for design. The procedure isapplicable to shell and tube heat exchangers *0in general. This paper presents many ofthose key developments and provides an DUCTSoverview of the vibration and wear compu-tation procedure. In addition, key conceptsand parameters are highlighted.

85-2340 ,- S1Conmtribaeios to the Theory of Sound Propa-gation in Ducts with Bulk-Reacting Lining

85-2338 S.W. RienstraDynamical Behavior of Suspended Pipe in National Aerospace Lab. NLR, Amsterdam,the Sea The Netherlands

" 66

.. . . . . . . . ..- ..................................... . - . ,

. . ,

J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., Z2 (5), pp 1681-1685 An analytical investigation is presented of(May 1985), 3 figs, 7 refs the unsteady flow in an axially variable,

narrow annular passage and of the fluid-KEY WORDS: Ducts, Linings, Porous mate- dynamic forces exerted on the center body,rials, Sound waves, Wave propagation which is a flexibly mounted rigid body of

revolution, with variable cross section.A theoretical analysis of sound propagation Based on this theory, a first approximationin cylindrical ducts lined with porous solution is presented, followed by a morematerial (bulk absorbers) is presented. Three accurate solution, for the case of unsteadyconfigurations are discussed, ideal flow.

85-2341 BUILDING COMPONENTSDevelopment of a Method of Determinungthe Transverse Wave Structure in a RigidWall Azisymmetric DuctJ.P. Pasqualini, J.M. Ville, J.F. de Belleval 85-2343Universite de Technologic, Compiegne Response of a Panel Wall Subjected to '.Cedex, France Blast LoadingJ. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 22 (5), pp 1921-1926 M.H. Klaus(May 1985), 9 figs, 2 tables, 12 refs NBC Defense Res and Dev. Inst., Fed. ; "

Rep. GermanyKEY WORDS: Ducts, Sound waves, Wave Computers Struc., 21 (1/2), pp 129-135propagation, Wave reflection (1985), 10 figs, I table, 6 refs

In order to decompose an acoustic field in KEY WORDS: Walls, Panels, Blast response,a circular duct into radial modes, a method Computer programsbased upon properties and calculation ofLommel's integral is developed. To validate The response (displacements, velocities, andthis method, resuks of amplitude and phase accelerations) of a panel wall subjected tomeasurements of radial modes in a constant a blast loading has been studied using threecross-section circular duct with hard walls different numerical solution methods avail- "- -"- -

are compai ,d with a method of modal able in ADINA: modal superposition, cx- ..

decomposition based on an axial measure- plicit central difference, and implicitment of the pressure. This technique is trapezoidal rule. While the displacementsapplied to the determination of pressure show excellent agreement for all threereflection coefficients of an unflanged duct. methods, the solutions for velocity and

acceleration progressively diverge.

85-2342Annulat-Flow-loduced V'brations of anAxially Variable Body of Revolution in a 835-2344Duct of Variable Cross-Section A New Floor Response Spectrum MethodD. Mateescu, M.P. Paidoussis for Seismic Analysis of Multiply SupportedMcGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec, Canada Secondary SystemsFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 4, A. Asfura FacuseVibration Induced by Axial and Annular Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of California, Berkeley,Flows, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New 110 pp (1984), DA8426897Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 53-69, 6 *1figs, 18 refs KEY WORDS: Floors, Seismic response,

Spectrum analysisKEY WORDS: Ducts, Bodies of revolution,Variable cross section, Fluid-induced excita- An improved floor spectrum method for .,-

tion, Concentric structures seismic analysis of linear, multi-degree-of-

67

. . .. .. . . .. .

. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. - . . _ l t _ - +- . .ml~ iIi I ll

.' 7.v- -. ..

freedom secondary systems multiply sup- a plane homogeneous flexible surface. The .. ,ported on linear, multi-degree-of-freedom influence of the surface properties and theprimary systems is presented. The method mean flow on the sound generation is -

defines and utilizes an extension of the brought out explicitly through the use of aconventional floor response spectrum. Green function. The form of the low-

wavenumber wall pressure spectrum on arigid surface with an arbitrary mean flowprofile is determined. The effect of a

85-2345 coating layer is investigated.Modelling die Seismic Resistance of Retain-i33 Stru, -hesM.D. Bolton, R.S. SteedmanCambridge Univ., Cambridge, UKRept. No. CUED/D-SOILS/frR-154, 8 pp 85-2347(1984), PB85-146892 Sowad Propagation Above an lhomogeneous

Impedance PlaneKEY WORDS: Retaining walls, Seismic S.N. Chandler-Wilde, D.C. Hothersallresponse Univ. of Bradford, Bradford BD7 lDP, UK

J. Sound Vib., .21 (4), pp 475-491 (Feb 22,New data is presented of the behavior of 1985), 1 fig, 1 table, 26 refsmodel walls retaining dry sand which weresubjected to episodes of base shaking in the KEY WORDS: Sound waves, Wave propaga-Cambridge geotechnical centrifuge. Instru- tionmentation permits the back analysis offailures, leading to an estimate of mobilized Boundary integral equation (BIE) methodsangles of shearing in the soil. The conse- are described for the prediction of soundquences of progressive failure, both for propagation, in particular from a lineresearch methodology and design practice source, over a flat plane of inhomogeneousare explored, impedance. Approximate methods, which -- -

satisfy reciprocity, for the calculation ofthe wave field over a two-impedance planeare proposed. These approximations, ap-

DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENT plied to propagation from a line source,give results agreeing well with those of theBIE method.

ACOUSTIC EXCITATION

85-234885-2346 The Radiation of a Sound Pulse from a JetMean Flow Effects of the Low-Wavenumbet NozzlePressure Spectrum on a Flexible Surface A.W. BloyA.P. Dowling Univ. of Manchester, Manchester, UKThe University Engrg. Dept., Cambridge, UK J. Sound Vib., 2 (1), pp 95-109 (Mar 8,Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 5, 1985), 18 figs, 15 refsTurbulence-Induced Noise and Vibration ofRigid and Compliant Surfaces, ASME Winter KEY WORDS: Jet noise, Sound waves, WaveAnnual mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, radiation1984, pp 63-74, 5 figs, 7 refs

A high amplitude sound pulse was producedKEY WORDS: Noise generation, Fluid-in- in a jet pipe by injecting helium over aduced excitation period of a few milliseconds. The test

configuration allowed the incident andThe Lighthill theory is extended so that it reflected waves to be isolated so that themay be used to determine the flow noise pressure measurements in the jet pipe andinduced by a turbulent boundary layer over in the far field could be directly compared. _

68

. 4 4 * ...

8 5-2349 J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 2Z (5), pp 1760-1767Power Spectral Density of Subsonic Jet (May 1985), 6 figs, 5 tables, 25 refsNoiseK.B.M.Q. Zaman, J.C. Yu KEY WORDS: Sound waves, Wave propaga-NASA Langley Res. Ctr., Hampton, VA tion, Underwater sound, Normal modes,23665 Finite difference technique1. Sound Vib., .2 (4), pp 519-537 (Feb 22,1985), 11 figs, 4 tables, 38 refs A finite difference method is presented to

numerically determine the normal modes*. - KEY WORDS: Jet noise, Power spectral for the sound propagation in a stratified '"'-'.' density ocean resting on a stratified elastic bottom. ...

The compound matrix method is used forThe scaling of the power spectral density computing an impedance condition at the(PSD) of the far field noise for subsonic, ocean-elastic bottom interface. The imped-unheated, axisymmettic jets has been ance condition is then incorporated as aexamined based on data obtained from the boundary condition into the finite differenceliterature as well as from new experiments, equations in the ocean, yielding an alge-It has been demonstrated that the PSD braic eigenvalue problem. For each fixedscales as the Strouhal number alone for mesh size this eigenvalue problem is solved

. most locations, except at shallow angles by a combination of efficient numericalwhere the best scaling results with the methods. The Richardson mesh extrapola-Helmholtz number times the Doppler factor. tion procedure is then used to substantially ,'..

increase the accuracy of the computation.

85-2350Current and Current Shear Effects in the 85-2352Parabolic Approximation for Underwater Wave Reflection from a Sediment LayerSound Channels with Depth-Dependem PropertiesJ.S. Robertson, W.L. Siegmann, M.J. Ja- M. Stern, A. Bedford, H.R. Millwatercobson Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX 78712Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY 1. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 2Z (5), pp 1781-178812180-3590 (May 1985), 8 figs, 1 table, 34 refsJ. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 22 (5), pp 1768-1780(May 1985), 10 figs, 23 refs KEY WORDS: Underwater sound, Sound

waves, Wave reflectionKEY WORDS: Underwater sound

The reflection of plane acoustic waves atThe effect of currents on the acoustic the water-sediment interface is analyzed.pressure field in an underwater sound The sediments ate modeled using Biot'schannel is investigated. Based on funds- equations with depth-dependent coefficients.mental fluid equations, model equations are Computations are made of the reflectionformulated for sound pressure while includ- coefficient as a function of the incidenting nonuniform currents in the source-re- wave frequency and angle for representativeceiver plane. Application of parabolic-type sediment properties. The results areapproximations yields a collection of pars- compared to those obtained by modeling thebolic equations. sediments as a homogeneous viscoelastic

material and as a viscoelastic material withdepth-dependent properties.

A Numerical Method for Bottom Interacting 85-2353Ocean Acoustic Normal Modes Arctic Acoustic Propagation Model with IceM.B. Porter, E.L. Reiss ScatteringNorthwestern Univ., Evanston, IL 60201 D.F. Gordon, H.P. Bucket

69

................................................................... ...-.....,*- '.. . .'"-..- -'- i'.. ..--.. . ,-.i--. ,L,--- ?'.-.- . ?.?. ? i?. ? -'i

Naval Ocean Systems Ctr., San Diego, CA J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, 52 (2), pp ,. i.

Rept. No. NOSC/TR-985, 56 pp (Sept 30, 287-290 (June 1985) 3 figs, 15 refs1984), AD-A149 430/1/GAR

KEY WORDS: Fracture properties, Beams,KEY WORDS: Sound waves, Underwater Cracked media, Impact testssound, Wave propagation

Dynamic fracture is often studied by meansAn underwater sound propagation program of the dynamic tear test, which involveshas been adapted to Arctic use. The pro- transverse impact by a mass on a beam. -. -

gram enables computation of the coherent This process generates a complicated elasticsound field with normal modes and the wave pattern in the beam which consists ofincoherent surface scattered field by inte- two wave types: impact waves and reflectedgrating over ray paths from the surface to waves. To gain insight into the role ofthe source and receiver. For Arctic use, specific waveforms in generating the frac-ice scattering and ice loss functions have ture at the notch end in this process, thebeen developed by comparing computed effects of the impact waves on the dynamiclosses with Arctic propagation loss data. notch end stress field is studied.

SHOCK EXCrrATION 85-2356Explosive Loading of Lead HemisphericalLinersW.P. Walters, G.H. Jonas, J.A. Zukas

85-2334 Ballistic Res. Lab., Aberdeen ProvingNonlineat Dynamic Analysis of Concrete Ground, MD 21005Armor Units Computers Struc., 1& (1-3), pp 615-621J.W. Tedesco, W.G. McDougal (1985) 7 figs, 4 tables, 11 refsAuburn Univ., Auburn, AL 36849Computers Struc., 11 (1/2), pp 189-201 KEY WORDS: Linings, Explosion effects(1985), 11 figs, 5 tables, 33 refs r

This paper documents results of a combinedKEY WORDS: Concrete, Hydrodynamic analytical/experimental program to study theresponse, Water waves behavior of lead hemispheres of various

thicknesses subjected to explosive shockConcrete armor units are commonly em- loading. Hemispherical lead liners of three .-

ployed for the protection of shorelines and different thicknesses were fabricated intorubble structures. Their design is primarily aluminum confined cavity charges usingbased on hydrodynamic stability, but their OCTOL high explosive to drive the liners.structural response to wave loading is Analysis of flash radiographs of the forma-poorly understood. A simple model is tion and jetting process indicated a gradualpresented to estimate impact loads due to transition from an apparent liquid-vapor jetwave slamming on the concrete armor unit, for the smallest wall thickness to a liq-dolos. A nonlinear dynamic analysis indi- uid-solid jet for the largest thickness. This

- cares that the units will experience a struc- apparent phase transition of the lead linersrural failure at hydrodynamically stable through a region of decreasing vapor leadwave conditions. to an analysis of the phenomena with the

two-dimensional HULL code, a finite-differ-ent Eulerian code for computations ofhydrodynamic and elastic-plastic phenom-ena. e

Dynamic Impact Over a Subsurface CrackApplications to the Dynamic Tear TestL.M. Brock, M. Jolles, M. Schroedl -Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY -..--.

* 70

70 • ". - .

WVV.:..-

VIBRATION EXCITATION constraints is considered. The model con-siats of a piecewise-linear single degree-of-freedom oscillator subjected to harmonicexcitation. Encounters with the constraints .-.

65-2357 are modeled using a simple impact rule -'

Influence of Directienal Surface Impedance employing a coefficient of restitution, anden the Low Wavenumbe Pressur Specerum excursions between the constraints areA.J. Kalinowski assumed to be governed by a linear equa-Naval Underwater Systems Ctr., New tion of motion. Symmetric double-impactLondon, CT motions, both harmonic and subharmonic,Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 5, are studied by means of a mapping thatTurbulence-Induced Noise and Vibration of relates conditions at subsequent impacts.Rigid and Compliant Surfaces, ASME Winter Stability and bifurcation analyses are car- -'

Annual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, tied out for these motions and regions are1984, pp 75-100, 8 figs, 10 refs found in which no stable symmetric motions

exist.KEY WORDS: Noise generation, Fluid-in-duced excitation, Noise prediction, Surfaceroughness

Dowling has extended the Lighthill sound 85-2359analog so that the flow induced noise re- The Dynamics of a Harmemically Excitedsuiting from fluid passing over a compliant System Having Rigid Amplitude Constraints.surface can be computed, by knowing the Part 2: Chaotic Mosems and Global Bifurca-compliant surface impedance as a function taos '.of the in-plane wavenumber and frequen- S.W. Shaw r A

cy. The implementation of the complete Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MItheory requires, as yet, unavailable experi- 48824 -.

mental information about certain turbulent J. App1. Mech., Trans. ASME, 2 (2), ppsource terms; consequently, results are 459-464 (June 1985) 8 figs, 24 refs

* given here in the form of a fluid pressurespectrum multiplier, rather than the actual KEY WORDS: Harmonic excitation, Ampli- L;pressure spectrum itself. Surfaces which rude constraints, Bifurcation theoryexhibit both a magnitude and directiondependent impedance ate examined and Parameter regions are examined in whichtheir influence on the shape of the corte- no simple stable motions exist. In suchsponding fluid pressure spectrum multiplier regions complicated bifurcation sequencesis investigated. are encountered which result in long period

and chaotic motions. These motions areirregular, bounded responses to periodicexcitation and have not been previously

85-23 9 considered in systems having two-sidedThe Dynamics of a Harmomically Excited amplitude constraints.Sysem Having Rigid Amplitude Constraima.Par 1: Subharmemic Madem and Local

* DBifurcationasS.W. ShawMichigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 95-236048824 A Hemivatiatioal Inequality Approach toJ. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, U2 (2), pp the Unilateral Contact Problem and Svbsta-453-458 (June 1985) 6 figs, 27 refs tiomarity Principles

P.D. Panagiotopoulos, A.V. AvdelasKEY WORDS: Harmonic excitation, Ampli- Aristoteles Universitat, Thessaloniki, Greecetude constraints, Bifurcation theory Ing. Arch., 5A (6), pp 401-412 (1984) 5

figs, 19 refsA simple model for the response of me-chanical systems having two-sided amplitude KEY WORDS: Contact vibration

71-..........

Contact problems of structures for which KEY WORDS: Single degree of freedomthe contact region is not a priori known are systems, Wind-induced excitation, Harmonic

" examined. For the boundary conditions excitation, Collapsedescribing the contact both convex andnonconvex potential functions ore consid- The investigation of the dynamic collapseered. The first lead to variational inequal- behavior of structures during strong windities and minimum energy principles and the disturbances provides a rational foundation

- second to a new type of variational forms, for estimating the safety factor of struc-called hemivariational inequalities, and tures. In order to discuss the essential " .substationary-energy principles. Static and features of dynamic collapse behavior, the * .° "dynamic contact problems with friction analytic and numerical studies are carriedand/or brittle fracture effects are consid- out on the dynamic behavior of single-de-ered. gree-of-freedom inelastic systems, also ......

taking into consideration the effect ofgravity under harmonic perturbation condi-tions with a mean static force.

85-2361Analysis of Fluid-Structure Intetactions. A -.Direct Symmetric Coupled FormulationBased on the Fluid Velocity Potential 88-2363 - - "L.G. Olson, K.-J. Bathe Local Instability Characteistics and Fte- .. ..-

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cam- quency Determination of Self-Excited Wakebridge, MA FlowsComputers Struc., ZI (1/2), pp 21-32 (1985) W. Koch20 figs, 7 tables, 24 refs DFVLR/AVA Institut f. Theoretische Strom-

ungsmechanik, Bunsenstrasse 10, D-3400KEY WORDS: Fluid-structure interaction, Gottinggen, Fed. Rep. GermanyFinite element technique J. Sound Vib., *9 (1), pp 53-83 (Mar 8,

1985) 21 figs, 53 refsA symmetric finite element method forsolving fluid-structure interaction problems KEY WORDS: Vortex shedding, Resonantis presented. The formulation uses velocity response, Fluid-induced excitationpotentials and a hydrostatic pressure asunknowns in each fluid region, and dis- As suggested by the strong effect reso-placements as unknowns in the solid. The nances and feedback mechanisms can exerthydrostatic pressure is an unknown variable upon vortices shed from blunt bodies, it is

- at only one node per fluid region. A C proposed that the discrete frequency, self-matrix (multiplied by time derivatives of the excited vortex shedding process itself is

* nodal variables, but not a damping matrix) governed by a resonance-like mechanism. -. -

enforces the coupling between the vai- With the assumption that to a first approxi-ables. The resulting matrix equations are mation the shedding frequency is determined - -;-

banded and symmetric, making them easy to by the behavior in the linear regime, theincorporate in standard displacement-based resonance hypothesis is found to lead to afinite element codes. bifurcation condition (direct resonance

condition) of the local instability eigen-value. In a corresponding initial valueformulation the same condition separates asubcritical region of locally absolute insta-bility from a supercritical region of locally

85-2362 convective instability. The critical basic --

Collapse of SDOF System to Harmonic wake profile corresponding to the bifurca-Excitation tion condition is found to be near the endS. Ishida, K. Morisako of the potential core.Kyoto Inst. of Tech., Kyoto, JapanASCE J. Engrg. Mech., =U. (3), pp 431-448(Mar 1985) 13 figs, 10 refs

72

. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

4kiiiiii

85-2364 unknown, period. The method entailsTorsimal Stability of NHeliat Eccentic augmentation of the original plant with a " '

Stuctures compensator and parameter identifier.P.K. Syamal, O.A. PekauConcordia Univ., Montreal, Quebec, CanadaComputes Struc., 20 (1-3), pp 293-301(1985) 7, figs, 10 refs

KEY WORDS: Torsional response, Eccen- 85-2366 ,tricity, Harmonic excitation A Mediod of Computation for Fluid Sten- -. ,

tute InteractiomAn investigation of the occurrence of non- Wing Kam Liu, Hsiu Guo Changlinear torsional instability in singly eccentric Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL ,structures with large eccentricity and sub- Computers Struc., 2k (1-3), pp 311-320jected to translation harmonic excitation is (1985) 6 figs, 24 refspresented. This investigation incorporatesparameters defining the degree of eccen- KEY WORDS: Fluid-structure interaction -"-'"

tricity between the centers of stiffness andmass as well as the distribution of lateral A method of computation for fluid-structureload-resisting elements within the plan area interaction is developed. This method isof the eccentric structures. Torsional insta- especially suitable for the response calcula-bility is examined in the torsional versus tions of both linear and nonlinear long-timeinput frequency domain following Bolotin's duration fluid-structure interaction problems.stability criterion, as well as in amplitude This approach has the advantage of applyingversus frequency parameter space employing an implicit-explicit algorithm to the fluid -.the Kryloff-Bogoliuboff method of averag- and structural generalized displacement Aing. variables simultaneously and a modified

explicit Rational Runge Kutta operator oforder two applied to the pressure vari-ables.

85-2365Fteqaency/Period Estimation and AdaptiveRejection of Periodic DisturbancesD.L. RussellUniv. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 85-2367Rept. No. MRC-TSR-2771, 58 pp (Nov Unsteady Aerodynamics Loading of an1984) AD-A149 229/7/GAR Airfoil Due to Vertices Released Intermit-. .

tendy from ts Upper SurfaceKEY WORDS: Active vibration control, C.Y. Chow, C.S. ChiuLinear systems, Periodic excitation, Com- Univ. of Colorado at Boulder, COputer programs Proc. Workshop on Unsteady Separated Flow

held at the United States Air Force Acad-For a wide variety of systems, including emy on Aug 10-11, 1983, AD-A 148 249,sighting devices, weapons, machine tool pp 76-81 (1984) AD-P004 162/4/GARarms, etc., operation under conditions whichinvolve significant oscillatory disturbances is KEY WORDS: Airfoils, Vortex-inducednecessary. Often it is desirable to dynami- vibration, Flow-induced excitationcally decouple the system from the distur-bances by means of the intervention of An unsteady flow analysis is made of theactive control. In many cases this must be flow past a symmetric airfoil with identicaldone without a prior knowledge of the vortices released intermittently from itsperiod (equivalently, the frequency) of the upper surface. The vortex train is used toincoming disturbance. This document dis- simulate the flow observed in the laboratorycusses a method for suppressing the oscilla- which was perturbed by an oscillatingtions of a linear system subject to an spoiler or a rotating cam embedded in theexternal periodic disturbance of fixed, but airfoil surface.

73

': 2 :.,V -...* .. . . .

.................* ** 2. .

........ ...... 0 ..

83-2361 85-2370 +,,,..." Unsteady Separated Flow. Focced and Theoretical Investigation of Dynamic Stall

Commeon Vorticity about Oscillating Aitfoils Using a Momet e m Integral MethodM.C. Robinson, M.W. Luttges .i. jumper, J.E. Hitchcock Wright-PattersUniv. of Colorado at Boulder, CO Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-PattersonProc. of Workshop on Unsteady Separated AFB, OHFlow held at the United States Air Force Proc. of Workshop on Unsteady Separated -.-.Academy on Aug 10-11, 1983, AD-A148 Flow held at the United States Air Force .. '..-.-249, pp 117-126 (1984) AD-P004 167/3/GAR Academy on Aug 10-11, 1983, AD-A148 - .

249, pp 148-151 (1984) AD-P004 170/7/GAR :- :KEY WORDS: Airfoils, Fluid-induced exci-.tation, Vortex-induced vibration, Aerodynam- KEY WORDS: Airfoils, Wind-induced excita-ic loads tion

Flow perturbations induced through dynamic An analytical study into the gust responsesinusoidal oscillations of an NACA 0015, of an airfoil is presented. The momen-NACA 0012, and flat plate were examined turn-integral equation for steady flow isacross a wide range of test conditions, extended into the airfoil that experiences aPhase-locked multiple expoaure flow visuali- constant-rate-of-change and angle-of-attack tzation in conjunction with corroborative gust. The von Karman-Pohlhausen methodhotwire anemometry documented the devel- of integration is successfully modified toopment of temporally and spatially synchro- incorporate the additional transient flow -.nous leading and trailing edge vortices terms; the equation of closure necessary toinduced through unsteady flow separation. do this is also presented. Computation ofAirfoil oscillation dynamics directly influ- the flow abcut a Joukowski airfoil using theenced vortex initiation, development and new equations is performed and the results

- traversing velocities, are presented and discussed.

85-237185-2369 Navier-Stokes Calculation of the AirfoilLeading Edge Separation Criterion for an Dynamic Stall ProcessOscillating Airfoil S.J. ShamrothE.C. James Scientific Res. Associates, Inc., Glaston-Vehicle Res. Corp., Pasadena, CA bury, CT

- Proc. of Workshop on Unsteady Separated Proc. of Workshop on Unsteady Separated- Flow held at the United States Air Force Flow held at the United States Air Force

Academy on Aug 10-11, 1983, AD-A148 Academy on Aug 10-11, 1983, AD-A148249, pp 177-183 (1984) AD-P004 175/6/GAR 249, pp 82-89 (1984) AD-P004 163/2/GAR

KEY WORDS: Airfoils, Fluid-induced exci- KEY WORDS: Airfoils, Aerodynamic loadstation, Leading edges

A time-dependent Navier-Stokes calculationUnsteady flow about the well-rounded nose procedure has been applied to the problemof a subsonic airfoil is investigated from of an NACA 0012 airfoil oscillating in pitchthe viewpoint of leading edge separation. in a low Mach number, high ReynoldsThe method of matched asymptotic expan- number environment. The calculated results

" sions is used to develop a uniformly valid show many of the known physical features,first order approximation to the inviscid including sudden suction surface separation,flow about the airfoil's leading edge which vortices shed at the leading and trailingis driven by a history-dependent term re- edges and the return to attached flow at low 0lated to the airfoil's transverse motions. incidences. Both the lift and moment

: Applying this flow to the laminar boundary coefficient curves show the expected fea-layer flow at the airfoil nose produces tures and the calculated wall pressurepossibilities for a laminar boundary layer to coefficients show strong correspondence toseparate. measured data.

* 74

. . . . .. . . . -.- -.. . . . . . . .o

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES experimental results are given of differentdamping level materials. A comparison ismade with results obtained by more conven-tional methods.

DAMPING

85-2372FAGUNotation Dampets sand Suppression of WindInduced InstabilitiesV.J. Modi, F. Welt 85-2374Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., A Conceptual Framewek for the laterpseta-Canada ion of Fatigue Damage Mechanisms inFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 1, Composke MaterialsExcitation and Vibration of Bluff Bodies in R. TalrejaCross Flow, ASME Winter Annual Mtg., New Technical Univ. of Denmark, Lyngby,Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 1984, pp 173-187, Denmark13 figs, 2 tables, 2 refs J. Composites Tech. Res. (ASTM), Z (1), pp

25-29 (1985) 8 figs, 27 refsKEY WORDS: Nutation dampers, Wind-in-duced excitation, Vortex-induced vibration, KEY WORDS: Fatigue life, Composite .. *,.

Galloping materials

Performance of a set of torus-shaped nuta- Fatigue damage mechanisms in compositetion dampers, suitable for arresting rela- materials are briefly reviewed, giving antively low frequency oscillations, is studied account of historical developments. Theexperimentally using a simple test facility, development of damage involves a sequenceResults suggest damping characteristics to of mechanisms that may not be separablebe particularly sensitive to physical proper- into distinct damage modes but rather intoties of the liquid used, its height in the dominant damage modes. The parameterstorus, damper geometry, and dynamical controlling growth rates of the individualparameters representing amplitude and mechanisms can only emerge from an - -frequency. understanding of the physical processes -.- -..

involved.

*85-2373 .:.-"- -

Determination of the Damping Properties of 85-2375Structures by Ttansien Testing Using Effects of Mean Stress on the Fatigue ofZowom-FFT Composite Materials . .D.X. Lin, R.D. Adams A. Conle, J.P. IngallShaanxi Mechanical Engrg. Inst., Sian, China Ford Scientific Res. Labs., P.O. Box 2053,J. Phys., E: Sci. nstrum., 1A (2), pp 161- Dearborn, MI 48121165 (Feb 1985) 5 figs, I table, 15 refs J. Composites Tech. Res. (ASTM), Z (1), pp

3-11 (1985) 25 figs, 2 tables, 11 refsKEY WORDS: Damping coefficients, Fibercomposites, Glass reinforced plastics, Fast KEY WORDS: Fatigue life, CompositeFourier transform, Zoom analysis method materials

A technique of determining the damping A parametric stress-fatigue life relationship F APproperties of structures is discussed. The developed for metals has been adapttd totechnique is based on the transient test composite material systems and validated bytechnique using Zoom-FFT. The principle using data from the literature and an exten-of this technique is described and the sive program on XMC polyester/glass. The

75

.'?-.... . . .. . . .

-. , _ .'c _., -,.-,. _............:.. .- ........... -, ., :,:,

I..

employed parameter accounts for the ef- EXPERIMENTATIONfects of mean stress in a fatigue historyand results in simplified design curves.

MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSS

85-2376 *..

Analytical Calculation of the Mean Fatigue 85-2378 -.Life under Random Load Using the Peak Measure Static Deflection to PredictPair Method Dynamic BehaviorV. Klega, J. Machek W. Tustin i ,National Res. Inst. for Machine Design, Tustin Inst. of Technology, Santa Barbara,Praha-Bechovice, CSSR CAStrojnicky Casopis, U6 (2), pp 155-168 Test, J7 (2), pp 20-21 (Apr/May 1985) 4(1985) 6 figs, 9 refs (in Czech) figs

KEY WORDS- Fatigue life, Machinery, KEY WORDS: Measurement techniques,

Mechanical components Natural frequency

An original statistical model of fatigue life This article describes a nomograph forof machine parts under the random station- calculating the natural frequency of aary gaussian loading process is given. The simple system from static deflection.term of an equivalent amplitude of arandom loading process is introduced and ALits dependence on dimensionalless parame-ters, describing a loading process and fa- 83-2379tigue properties of material, is studied. A Practical Requirements of Turbulent Bound-prediction procedure for mean fatigue life ary Layer Forcing Function Measurementsis proposed. with Wave-Vector Filters

F.E. Geib, Jr.David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Ctr.,Bethesda, MDFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 5,Turbulence-Induced Noise and Vibration of

- 85-2377 Rigid and Compliant Surfaces, ASME WinterAutomatic Crack Propagation Tracking Annual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, "" ""M.S. Shephard, N.A.B. Yehia, G.S. Burd, 1984, pp 23-37, 11 figs, 14 refsT.J. WiednerRensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY KEY WORDS: Measurement techniques,Computers Struc., 2& (1-3), pp 211-223 Forcing function, Fluid-induced excitation,(1985) 17 figs, 19 refs Turbulence, Boundary layer excitation

KEY WORDS: Crack propagation, Finite A discussion is presented on the use of* element technique wave-vector filters to measure the pressure

fluctuations that are produced on the sur-A finite element based approach to fully face of a body by the turbulent boundaryautomatic crack propagation tracking is layer. Wave-vector filters allow the forcingpresented. The procedure presented com- function to be examined in spectral spacebines fully automatic mesh generation with as a function of wave number and fre-linear fracture mechanics techniques in a quency. The discussion presents a summarygeometrically based finite element code of the techniques used in wave-vector fil-capable of automatically tracking cracks in tering, how these techniques are imple-two-dimensional domains. Example prob- mented with linear arrays of flush-mountedlems are included to demonstrate the ptoce- pressure transducers, and the effects ofdure. changing various parameters.

76

,.- . -.. ,,.

" +,1a...-.l

• ...... ......................... ....-.-...........-. .+....-...-......\-:-; .

. . . . .. . . . . . . . . ........ . .. . .-~~~~~~~~~..'...-" ... ... '..'-...."..."...'.. .. " "... .... ... ,....."._.-" _+: "

85-2380 with a linear array of 256 photodiodes ,

, An Imovative Fast Fourier Tzansfotm Array spaced 25 micron apart. A vertical beam

Technique far Low Wave-Number Meaute- of laser light produces a bright spot when

meats of the Tutbulent Boundary Layer it intersects the elastic or the viscodastic

Fluctuating Pressure Field compliant material, which contains minute

T.H. Hodgson, R.F. Keltic amounts of Rhodamin-6G fluorescent dye.North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC The axis of the photodiode array wasFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 5, aligned with the vertical laser beam. The

Turbulence-Induced Noise and Vibration of digital output resulting from the continuous

Rigid and Compliant Surfaces, ASME Winter scanning of the array indicates the verticalAnnual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, displacement of the compliant surface.

1984, pp 39-51, 12 figs, 1 table, 23 refs

KEY WORDS: Measurement technique, FastFourier transform, Turbulence, Boundarylayer excitation 85-2382

A Noncontacting Electrooptic DisplacementThe method presented, which is a signifi- Sensor for Piezoelectrically Driven Activecant improvement on previous wavenumber Surfacesfilter methods, uses a Fast-Fourier-Trans- S.A. Cerwinform approach in both the frequency and Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio,wavenumber domains. By use of a proc- TXessed array of fifty transducers it is Flow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 5,demonstrated that pressure spectrum meas- Turbulence-Induced Noise and Vibration of

urements may be made at higher resolution Rigid and Compliant Surfaces, ASME Winterthan previously reported in the literature, Annual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14,while rejecting the convective pressure 1984, pp 1-7, 8 figs, 2 refsridge by at least 60 dB and the soniccomponent by 30 dB. This should lead to a KEY WORDS: Displacement measurement,more accurate measurement of the all Optical measuring instrumentsimportant low wavenumber plateau regionof the spectrum in nearly anechoic experi- A noncontacting electrooptic displacement

m ents, sensor for the measurement of the motionof a piezoelectric ally excited active wall isdescribed. The active wall was constructedand studied to investigate the drag reductionproperties of an actively driven surface in

8-2381 turbulent water flow. The sensor employedAn Optical Technique for Measuring the a two arm optical triangulation method withFlow-Induced Motion of a Compliant Sm- a two element position sensitive detector toface monitor the surface displacements from aM. Gad-el-Hak stand-off distance of 23 cm (9 inches).Flow Research Co., Kent, WashingtonFlow Induced Vibrations Symp., Vol. 5,Turbulence-Induced Noise and Vibration ofRigid and Compliant Surfaces, ASME WinterAnnual Mtg., New Orleans, LA, Dec 9-14, 85-23831984, pp 9-22, 6 figs, 26 refs Analysis of Modal Testing Data from

Incomplete BxcitationKEY WORDS: Displacement measurement, M. RadesFluid-induced excitation, Optical methods, Polytechnic Inst., Bucharest, RomaniaMeasurement techniques, Lasers Rev. Roumaine Sci. Tech., Mecanique

Appl., If0 (1), pp 37-47 (Jan/Feb 1985) 7The flow-induced motion of a compliant figs, I table, 9 refssurface was measured using a novel remoteoptical technique. The Laser Displacement KEY WORDS: Modal testing, FrequencyGauge employs a Reticon camera equipped response

77

."

.............................................................................................

.............................................................................

t -' A,-

A procedure is suggested for analyzing curved rough surfaces by means of a newincomplete rectangular frequency response step-prism are described. The compactmatrices. Undamped natural frequencies optical system functions as a self aligning ....

are located by a singular value approach transmitter and receiver of the mukipath-while tuned forcing vectors are derived probe-laser beams. A good optical channelusing a pseudo-inverse matrix method. The separation and signal conditioning is ob-technique is illustrated by its application to tained by polarization optics. The described ., .,,

data from simulated tests on a lumped methods are compatible with currently usedparameter structural model, modular real-time signal processing systems

such as tracking processors and FFT-spec-trum analyzers interfaced to micro- or ,N

process-computers.

$85-2384XY Recording of Ultrasound Pulse-Echo

* Frequency Spectra in the Presence of NoiseJ.S. Shell, A. Goldstein, R.J. Giesige, Jr. 85-2386

* Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI 48201 Time-Delay Bias Errors in EstimatingRev. Scientific Instrum., 5A (7), pp 1377- Frequency Response and Coherence Func-1384 (July 1985) 9 figs, 19 refs tion from Windowed Samples of Continuous I'".

and Transient SignalsKEY WORDS: Recording instruments, M.W. Trethewey, H.A. EvensenFrequency spectra Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, -

PAThe experimental difficulties associated with J. Sound Vib., 2Z (4), pp 531-540 (Dec 22,recording the frequency spectra of ultra- 1984) 4 figs, 12 refssound pulse-echo signals are discussed. Themost troublesome sources of synchronous KEY WORDS: Frequency response func-and asynchronous noise are reviewed. A tions, Coherence function technique, Errorsimple interface circuit for XY chart re- analysis, Signal processing techniquescording of these frequency spectra is pre-sented. A detailed discussion of spectral An investigation is reported of the biasamplitude calibration procedures is also effect introduced by time delays whenincluded, frequency response and coherence functions ""

are estimated from windowed time samples.The magnitude of the bias error for bothfunctions is shown to be dependent on boththe nature of the data capture window and

85-2385 the amount of delay. Experimental investi-Opto-Electronic Sensor System for Multi- gation verifies the derived estimates forComponent Velocity Measurements of Rotat- boxcar and Hanning windows.ing Solid Surfaces (Optoelektronisches

* Sensorsystem zur inehrachsigen Geschwindig-keimmessung rotietender fester Oberflachen)0. Wegner, M. HorstmannFachbereich Elektrotechnik, Fachhochschule 85-2387Bielefeld, D-4800 Bielefeld 1, Fed. Rep. The Piezoelectric Reciprocity Method forGermany Absolute Calibration of High FrequencyTechn. Messen-TM, U2 (3), pp 106-111 (Mar Vibration Standards1985) 8 figs, 7 refs (In German) Ge Lifeng

Kexue Tongbao, 2 (6), pp 735-739 (1984)KEY WORDS: Measurement techniques, CSTA 530.7-84.25 e.Optical methods

KEY WORDS: Vibration probes, CalibratingOptical heterodyne methods for noncontactmeasurements of tangential, radial and The sensitivity of vibration standard pickupsangular velocity components of rotating is defined as the ratio of electrical output

78

....-.-. -........ .... .... ... ........................... ................ . .-..--....-. -. .........-

to the mechanical input applied to a speci- require sensors able to provide direct digi-fied axis at a discrete frequency. The tal inputs. Sensors based on time measure-difficulty in calibrating lies in measuring ment, having outputs based on a frequencythe mechanical input, not in measuring or phase, have an advantage over conven-electrical output. It is more difficult to tional analogue sensors in that their outputsrealize reciprocity calibration of pickups at can be measured directly in digital systemshigher frequencies. This article proposes a by pulse counting. Resonator sensors,new method. Using the reciprocity of configured to have a mechanical resonancepiezoelectricity and applying the three-mass frequency or relative phase of oscillationmethod to a piezodectric shaker, one can dependent on the measured parameter, aredetermine the sensitivity of the standard therefore a subject of considerable practi-pickup built into the shaker. cal interest. This paper reviews the wide

range of such devices which have beenproposed and developed, including sensorsf or liquid or gas density and viscosity, .-

85-Z3$8 liquid level, mass and mechanical force,Verification of Experimental Modal Modeling and fluid flow rates.Using HDR (Hissdampfreaktor) DynamicTest DataM.G. Srinivasan, C.A. Kot, B.J. Hsieh, J.A.DusingArgonne National Lab., Argonne, IL DYNAMIC TESTSRept. No. ANL-84-25, 102 pp (Oct 1984)NUREG-CR/4021/GAR

KEY WORDS: Modal models, Modal synthe- 85-2390sis Acoustic Environsment Sizmulation Study;

Acousfic Intrusion Sensor PerformanceAn attempt to verify the reliability of the L. Enochson, R.K. Otnesexperimental modal modeling code, Time Series Associates, Palo Alto, CAMODAL-PLUS, is described. MODAL-PLUS 67 pp (Jan 1983) AD-A149 245/3/GARis capable of synthesizing a modal modelof a structure using data from dynamic KEY WORDS: Acoustic tests, R andom

*testing of a structure. The objective was to vibrations, Vibration testsdetermine whether a modal model synthe-sized from one set of test data would be A method to perform controlled acoustic

*capable of correctly predicting response to tests up to a frequency of 20-25 KZH- wasa different form of excitation from a dif- explored. This method is based on en-ferent set of data. Recorded test data from hancements to the method currently used tothe shaker and rocket tests on the contain- perform random vibration tests. Variousment building of the HDR (Heissdamp- methods of signal processing for acousticfreaktor) were used in the effort, intrusion sensors are explored and evalu- .'.'"

ated.

85-2389Resonator Sensors - A ReviewR.M. Langdon 85-2391GEC Res. Labs., Marconi Res. Ctr., Great Dynamic Testing of Thin SpecimensBaddow, Essex, UK K.N. Safar, R.D. Adams, E.W. Bradford,

JPhys., E: Sci. Iristrum., 11 (2), pp 103- D. X. Lin115 (Feb 1985) 23 figs, 88 refs Univ. of Bristol Dental School, Bristol, UK

J. Phys., E: Sci. Instrum., 11 (2), pp 118-KEY WORDS: Resonators, Reviews 120 (Feb 1985) 3 figs, 1 table, 15 refs

Contiol systems are becoming increasingly KEY WORDS: Dynamic tests, Testing tech-dependent on digital processing and so niques, Resonant bar techniques .

79

. . ..%

A resonant split-bat method for the deter- N.K. Manimination of the elastic moduli (Young's Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Iowa, 167 pp (1984)modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio) DA8428267of specimens in the form of a thin, flatdisc has been developed. Measurements KEY WORDS: Numerical methods, Optimi-were made on Ivorine, a formaldehyde zation, Computer programs, Design tech-moulding compound which has similar niquesmoduli to human teeth, as the preliminarystage of a program on the elastic moduli of A computer-based method for automatic ":-human dentine. generation and efficient numerical solution

of mixed differential-algebraic equations fordynamic and design sensitivity analysis ofdynamic systems is developed. The equa-tions are written in terms of a maximal set

85-2392 of Cartesian coordinates to facilitate gen-"]rhe Generation of /nternal Gravity Waves in eral formulation of kinematic and designa Muilayered Moving Fluid by a Flap-Type constraints and forcing functions. Singular - -Wave Maker value decomposition of the system JacobianM.R. Muller, P.C. Shang matrix generates a set of composite gener-Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, NJ 08903 alized coordinates that is well suited toJ. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, U (2), pp represent the state of the system.247-252 (June 1985) 7 figs, 14 refs

KEY WORDS: Wave forces, Test facilities,Wave makers, Wave generation

85-2394Experiments have examined the waveforms Nan-Paramettic Time-Varying Spectralgenerated by a flap-type wave maker in a Estimationmoving, three-layer fluid. Results show A.M.M. Aminthat the observed modulating waveforms Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Colorado at Boulder,could be predicted accurately for low 162 pp (1984), DA8428629frequencies and that if the two interfacesare sufficiently close together, both mode- KEY WORDS: Power spectra, Randomone waves (whose amplitude vary in the response, Time dependent parameters,-."vertical such that there is only one Autocorrelation techniquemaximum) and mode-two waves (with avertical amplitude structure that contains The problem of estimating the time-varyingtwo relative maxima) are generated of power spectrum of a random process is "'-"similar amplitude. This results in down- discussed. A generalized technique forstream shifts from sinuous to varicose autocorrelation function estimation is intro-modes of oscillation. duced which allows a unified specification

of a broad class of Fourier-based spectralestimators. The technique is termed the -.generalized lagged product window; it isemployed to define specific structures for

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN the lagged product windows which are inturn used to estimate the autocorrelationfunction at different lags.

ANALYTICAL METHODS

' ~~~85-2395 T. 7 -

" 85-2393 Free Vibrations of a Mono-Coupled PeriodicSUse of Singular Value Decomposition foe System

Analysis and Opeimizatie of Mechanical M.G. Faulkner, D.P. HongSystem Dy amics Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, . ...

. 8 . . .....

=. 80" '-''-" "

t, .. .. 0

Canada T6G 2G8 Inst. of Thermomechanics, CzechoslovakJ. Sound Vib., 2 (1)(, pp 29-42 (Mar 8, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechoslova-1985), 10 figs, 4 tables, 8 refs kia

Strojnicky Casopis, JA (2), pp 131-137KEY WORDS: Period structures, Transfer (1985), 9 refs (In Czech)matrix method

KEY WORDS: Eigenvalue problems, Machin-Vibration problems of periodic systems can cry, Structural modification techniquesbe analyzed efficiently by means of the .<.. :;

* transfer matrix method. The frequency The relationship between the change ofequation for the whole system is shown to dynamic properties and the change ofbe obtained in terms of the eigenvalues, or machine design parameters is studied.their natural logarithms, which are often Dynamical properties are developed onlycalled propagation constants, of the transfer from those cigenvalues and cigenmodesmatrix for a single periodic subsystem. In which are dominant in operating conditions.case of a mono-coupled system this fre- The solution is based on formulae developedquency equation may be solved graphically from inverse eigenvalue problem.by using the propagation constant curve,thereby saving a great deal of computation-al effort. Two types of mono-coupledsystems are considered as numericalexamples: a spring-mass oscillating system 85-Z398and a continuous Timoshenko beam resting Formulation of Equations of Motion foron regularly spaced knife-edge supports. Systems Subject to Constzaims

C. Wampler, K. Buffinton, 1. Shu-huiStanford Univ., Stanford, CA 94305J. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, 2 (2), pp465-470 (June 1985), 3 figs, 8 refs

85-2396DissLativeneas and Stability of a Class of KEY WORDS: Equations of motion, Con-Distributed Parameter Systems strained structuresM.S. Bhat, S.K. ShrivastavaIndian Inst. of Science, Bangalore 560012, A method for constructing equations ofIndia motion governing constrained systems isJ. Appl. Mech., Trans. ASME, Uj (2), pp presented. The method, which is particu-471-476 (June 1985), 24 refs larly useful when equation of motion have

already been formulated, and new equationsKEY WORDS: Stability, Continuous parame- of motion, reflecting the presence of addi-ter method tional constraints are needed, allow the new

equations to be written as a recombinationInput-output stability of linear-distributed of terms comprising the original equations.parameter systems of arbitrary order and An explicit form in which the new dynami-type in the presence of a distributed con- cal equations may be cast for the purposetroller is analyzed by extending the concept of numerical integration is developed, alongof dissipativeness, vid: certain moeificatic.- with special cases that demonstrate how thens, to such systems. 'A";e approach is app!i- procedure may be simplified in twocable to systems with homogeneous or commonly occurring situations.homogenizable boundary conditions. It alsohelps in generating a Liapunov functional toassess asymptotic stability of the system.

MODELING TECHNIQUES

85-2397 85-2399Toning of Noncosetvative Dynamic Systems ARMA Represetation of Random Processes0. Danek E. Samaras, M. Shinozuka, A. Tsurui

81

.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ..

7. .-7..

Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10027 A.H. Nayfeh_ ASCE J. Engrg. Mech., Iii (3), pp 449-461 Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ.,

(Mar 1985) 3 figs, 34 refs Blacksburg, VA 24061Computers Struc., 2& (1-3), pp 487-493

KEY WORDS: Random response, Mathemati- (1985) 1 fig, 12 refscal models

KEY WORDS: Parameter identification• Autoregressive/Moving Average (ARMA) technique, Nonlinear systems

models of the same order for AR and MAcomponents are used for the characteriza- A parametric identification technique thattion and simulation of stationary Gaussian exploits nonlinear resonances and compari-

zmuhtivariate random processes with zero sons of the behavior of the system to bemean. The coefficient matrices of the identified with those of known systems isARMA models are determined so that the proposed. The mathematical model issimulated process will have the prescribed chosen in such a way that its predictedcorrelation function matrix. To accomplish response qualitatively resembles observedthis, the two-stage least squares method is responses of the physical system to chosenused. The ARMA representation thus estab- excitations. Experiments are proposed for >-.-

lished permits one, in principle, to generate the estimation of the parameters of two- - .sample functions of infinite length and with degree-of-freedom systems with quadraticsuch a speed and computational mode that and cubic nonlinearities.even real time generations of the samplefunctions can be easily achieved.

COMPUTER PROGRAMS

*" 85-2400. Modeling Structures for Control Design

R.E. Skelton, A. Hu 85-2402Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907 Structural Mechanics Software: NASTRAN.Computers Struc., 2 (1-3), pp 303-309 1970-1984 (Citations from the NTIS Data(1985) 2 figs, 3 tables, 12 refs Base)

NTIS, Springfield, VAKEY WORDS: Mathematical models, Finite 248 pp (Jan 1985) PB8S-853950/GARelement techniques, Beams

KEY WORDS: NASTRAN (computer pro-A simply supported beam is used as an gram), Bibliographies, Space shutdes, Turbo-example to illustrate the need for more machinery blades, Missilestheoretical research on the unification of

*the modeling and control problems of flex- This bibliography contains 301 citationsible structures. This paper shows that the concerning NASA's structural analysis tech-

. finite element methods that focus on the nology. Computer software implementationconvergence of modal data may not be the and evaluation, transient analysis of linearbest approach to modeling structures for and nonlinear structural dynamic systems,control design. Theorems for convergence and mathematical modeling for structuralof the modal costs are also presented. mechanics are discussed. Applications

include the space shutde, turbofan engineblades, motor component vibrations, mis-siles, and non-aerospace related analyses.

PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION

85-240385-2401 SAMCR: A Two-Dimensiomal Dynamic FiniteParametric Identification of Nonlinear Element Code for the Stress Analysis ofDynamic Systems Moving Cracks

82

.... .... ..... .. . . . .

- . . - .. .. .. - . .• ~~.. . . . .. . . . .. . . ... .o,. . ... ... . ..... ._.°... ., .,i ...---. i. .- L-.. i , i ..... . '.- - • - -. : ." ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .--.. . . . . . . . . . -. . . . ... . _ .'

wtt

, C.W. Schwartz, R. Chona, W.L. Fourney, 85-2405 -*'" G.R. Irwin Prediction of Dynamic Stall Characterisuics ; ,

Oak Ridge National Lab., TN Using Advanced Nom-Lineat Panel Mthod..Rept. No. ORNL/SUB/79-7778/3, 279 pp B. Maskew, F.A. Dvorak(Nov 1984) NUREG/CR3891/GAR Analytical Methods, Inc., Redmond, WA

Rept. No. AMI-8406, AFOSR-TR-84-975, 63KEY WORDS: Computer programs, Finite pp (Apt 4, 1984) AD-A148 453/4/GAR i- .-element technique, Stress analysis, Crackpropagation KEY WORDS: Computer programs, Boundary -'

layer excitation .The mathematical formulation, program -. _-structure, and details of required input data A surface singularity panel method wasare described for SAMCR, a two-dimen- extended for modeling the dynamic interac- _ .sional dynamic finite element code for the tion between a separated wake and a sur-stress analysis of moving cracks. The code face undergoing an unsteady motion. Thehas been shown, through an extensive series method combines the capabilities of anof verification analyses, to perform well in unsteady, time-stepping code and a tech-modeling dynamic behavior of both un- nique for modeling extensive separationcracked and cracked structures. In particu- using free vortex sheets. Routines werelar, the code has been demonstrated to developed for treating the dynamic interac-provide useful information regarding run- tion between the separated wake and thearrest events in polymeric laboratory sam- solid boundary in an environment where theplcs and large thermally shocked steel separation point is moving with time.cylinders.

895-2404 85-2406Dynamic Response Simplified Models for A Finite Element Code for the ComputationGlobal Analysis. DYSFRA - A Compuer of the Dynamic Response of StructuresProgram for Dynamic and Static Nonlinear Involving Contact EffectsAnalysis of Space Frame Structuxes D. OsmontJ. Amdahl, N.T. Nordsve Office National d'Etudes et de RecherchesNorges Tekniske Hoegskole, Trondheim, Aerospatiales, BP 72-92322 ChatillonNorway Cedex, FranceRept. No. STF7l-A84018, ISBN-85-595- Computers Struc., 2& (1-3), pp 555-5613459-2, 42 pp (May 19, 1984) PB85- (1985) 16 figs, 12 refs123982/GAR

KEY WORDS: Computer programs, Finite . ..KEY WORDS: Computer programs, Finite clement technique, Hertzio.n contactelement technique, Beams, Frames

A finite element code for computing theA bri-ef description of a finite element dynamic response of structures involvingprograim (DYSFRA) intended for static and contact effects is presented. The code wasdynamic analysis of space frames is pre- developed on a UNIVAC 1180 computer insented. The formulation allows for large a modular and structured way. All thedisplacements and nonlinear material behav- core memory management is done by aior is accounted for by introduction of yield core memory manager, which also acts as ahinges. The yield criterion is formulated in local database manager. Applications to theterms of stress resultants. The potential of dynamic Hertz problem are presented.the method is with respect to accuracy andefficiency demonstrated in case studies ofsimple beam elements and a plane framestructure.

83

.. ,". -. . . . . .

*. . ... . . .. .

17 w- b-

AUTHOR INDEX

Abbas, B.A.H................ 2264 Chow, C.Y................... 2367Abd-Rabbo, A ................ 2311 Conic, A .................... 2375Adams, R.D ............ 2373, 2391 Counihan, J ................ 2292Akiyama, A .................. 2242 Curling, L.R .......... 2306, 2321Alam, N ..................... 2290 Currie, I.G .................. 2275Alvarado, N.T ................. 2203 Danek, 0 ..................... 2397 _Alwis, W.A.M .................. 2280 Dasgupta, G ................ 2216

Alzheimer, J.M ................ 2300 de Belleval, J.F............... 2341Amdahl, J .................. 2404 Dc Natalini, L.B............ 2287Amin, A.M.M................. 2394 Dentry, C.S................. 2231Anderson, M.J ............... 2301 DesRochers, C.G............. 2230Asfura Facuse, A .............. 2344 Desseaux, A ................... 2326Asnani, N.T................. 2290 Dhalla, A.K................. 2302 *Au-Yang, M.K .................. 2226 Dokainish, M.A ................ 2305Avdelas, A.V....... 2360 Donaldson, I.S................. 2328Axisa, F........ ...... 2326, 2329 Dong, S.B ................... 2281Bailey, R.T ................. 2308 Dowling, A.P ................ 2346Bampton, M.C.C .............. 2300 Drake, M.L .................. 2237Banerjec, J.R ................. 2262 Dubas, M.................... 2202Barta, D.A .................... 2301 Dusing, J.A..................2388Bathe, K.-J ................... 2361 Dvorak, F.A ................... 2405Bearman, P.W .................. 2269 Dzhupanov, V.A ................ 2227Beaulieu, G .................... 2255 D'Angelo, III, C .............. 2203Becker, 0 ................... 2322 Ellaithy, H.M ............... 2211Bedford, A .................. 2352 Enochson, L ................. 2390Bhat, M.S ................... 2396 Evensen, H.A................ 2386 . .-Blackwelder, R.F............ 2234 Faller, J.E ................... 2244Blevins, R.D ..........:.2304, 2324 Fallon, W.J ................... 2277Blouin, S.E ................. 2219 Faulkner, M.G ............... 2395Bloy, A.W................... 2348 Fenves, G.L.. ............... 2221Bolleter, U .................... 2307 Finney, J.M ................... 2231Bolton, M.D ................... 2345 Fitzpatrick, J.A .............. 2328Bradford, E.W............... 2391 Fleming , J.F ............... 2206Brock, L.M..................... 2355 Fourney, W.L .................. 2403Brumen, C ................... 2235 Frick, T.M .................. 2337Bucker, H.P................. 2353 Friley, J.R ................. 2300Buffinton, K................... 2398 Gad-el-Hak, 14 ......... 2234, 2381Burd, G..S ................... 2377 Gagnon, J.0 ................. 2321Cao Zhiyuan ................. 2220 Gajewski, A ................. 2279Caradonna, F.X ................ 2248 Gartshore, I.S................. 2269Carta, F.O .................. 2233 Gates, S .................... 2261Cerwin, S.A................. 2382 Ge Lifeng ................... 2387Chan, S.P ............. 2296 Geib, Jr., F.E ................ 2379Chandler-Wilde, S.N.........2347 Gelos, R.................... 2287Chang, Hsiu Guo ............... 2366 Gibert, RJ .............. 2326, 2329--Chen, S.S ................... 2314 Giesige, Jr, R.J. . ....... 2384Chen, Y.N ............. 2307, 2336 Godon, J.L.................. 2320Chenoweth, J.M ........ 2318, 2319 Goldstein, A .................. 2384Chiu, C.S ................... 2367 Gordon, D.F ................. 2353Chona, R .................... 2403 Goyder, H.G.D ............... 2312

84

. . . .. ..*..*

Gr f i ,O.M .. . . . . . . .2272 Kh z i h K .. . .. . .. .. 2 1

Grundy, P..................... 2280 Kim, K.J ..................... 2219Gunncskov, 0.................. 2246 King, JAL..................... 2263Gupta, U.S.................... 2286 King, R....................... 2270Hall, R.L..............2217 Klaus, M.H.................... 2343H-allaue:, WL.........2239 Kiega, V...................... 2376Halle, H............. .. 2313 , 2319 Kluesener, M.F................ 2237Hancock, G.1.................. 2207 Kojima, 0..................... 2209Hara, F...............2271 Kostem, C.N................... 2293Haroun, M.A:......2211,'2294, 2295 Kot, C.A...................... 2388

V.Haroun, N.M................... 2211 Koutsclos, T.................. 2259 \

Harris, E.G................... 2231 Krenk, S...................... 2246Harris, R.E................... 2305 Kumar, A...................... 2208

* Haslinger, K.H................ 2323 Lal, R......................... 2286Heller, M.....................2Z232 Lam, P.C.......................... 2316Hendry, S.R................... 2267 Lamberson, S.E................ 2282Hetsroni, G................... 2329 Langdon, R.M.................. 2389Hitchcock, J.E................ 2370 Laub, G.H..................... 2248Ho, C.M ................... 2234 Laura, F.A.A.................. 2287Hobson, D.E...........225 2299 Lee, Lee-Jen.................. 2216Hodgson, T.-I................. 2380 Leehey, P..................... 2276Hong, D.P..................... 2395 Lever, J.H............. 2330, 2331Horstmann, M.................. 2385 Lin, D.X................ 2373, 2391 -

Hothersall, D.C............... 2347 Lin, Y.K ................ 2212Houlston, R................... 2230 Liu, Wen David........... ... 2214Hsieh, B.J.................... 2388 Liu, Wing Kam................. 2366Hu, A.......................... 2400 Lory, M.K..................... 2238

*Huang, K.H.................... 2281 Luttges, M.W.................. 2368*Huff, D.L..................... 2316 Macbek, 3 .................. 2376

Huston, R.L................... 2257 MacLeod, G.................... 2254Ingall, J.P................... 2375 Mal, A.K...................... 2284Juversini, C.................. 2223 Mani, NAK..................... 2393Irie, T....................... 2297 Mann, J.Y..................... 2232Irwin, G.R.................... 2403 Mark, B....................... 2310IsJaacson, M.Q................. 2228 Martin, J.B................... 2265Ishida, S..................... 2362 Maskew, B..................... 2405Ishihara, K................... 2247 Mastorakos, M................. 2325Jacobson, M.J................. 2350 Mateescu, D................... 2342James, E.C.................... 2369 Maull, D.J.................... 2269

Jendryschik, j .............. 2201 Mavriplis, D.................. 2332Jendrzejczyk, ].A............. 2314 McDougal, W.G................. 2354

*Johnson, D.K.................. 2317 Milford, R.V.................. 2298Jolles, M..................... 2355 Miliwater, H.R................ 2352Jonas, G.H.................... 2356 Misrs, A.K.................... 2296Jones, R................ 2232, 2252 Modi, V.J..................... 2372

*jumper, E.J................... 2370 Maeller, M.J.................. 2276Kaernae, T.................... 2256 Morisako, K................... 2362

*Kalinowski, A.J............... 2357 Mostofi, A.................... 2251Kalnins, A.................... 2293 Mote, Jr., C.D................ 2203 X

*Kamman, J.W................... 2257 Mulcahy, T.M........... 2273, 2339*Karagozova, D.D............... 2227 Muller, M.R................... 2392

Katinas, V.3.................. 2315 Murakami, H............ 2241, 22420*Kawashima, T.................. 2338 Muranioto, Y................... 2297

Keegan, D.F................... 2250 Muthuswamy, V.P............... 2218Kelly, J.M.................... 2243 Nagaya, K..................... 2260Keltie, R.F................... 2380 Nakano, M..................... 2253

*Kerr, A.D..................... 2213 Nayfeb, A.H................... 2401

85

%1

Ninomiya, A ................. 2209 Schwartz, C.W ............... 2403Norbetg, C .................. 2327 Severud, L.K ................ 2301Nordsve, N.T ................ 2404 Shamroth, S.J ............... 2371Ohtomi, K ................... 2289 Shang, P.C .................. 2392Olson, L.G .................. 2361 Shaw, S.W ............. 2358, 2359Olsson, M .... ............... 2205 Shell, J.S .................. 2384 7 ., -Osmont, D................... 2406 Shephard, M.S ............... 2377Otnes, R.K ... .............. 2390 Shimizu, C ................... 2291Outa, E ...................... 2253 Shimogo, T .................. 2338O'Connell, W.j .............. 2222 Shinozuka, M................ 2399 .-Padovan, ................. 2245 Shrivastava, S............ 2396Paidoussis, M.P..2296, 2303, 2306 Shu-hui, J .................. 2398

..... 2310, 2332, 2333, 2342 Siegmann, W.L. ............... 2350Paison, H .................. 2223 Simonen, F.A ................ 2300Panagiotopoulos, P.D........ 2360 Skelton, R.E ................ 2400Paramadilok, 0 .............. 2245 Slater, J.E ................. 2230Parkin, MW................. 2224 Sobek, T.E.................. 2337Parkinson, G.V .............. 2269 Soni, A.H ................... 2200Pasqualini, J.P ............. 2341 Soni, M.L .................... 2237 0C"Pastorel, H ................. 2255 Spurt, A ..................... 2299Paul, J .................... 2252 Srinivasan, M.G ............. 2388Pegg, N ...................... 2230 Srinivasan, V ................. 2200Pekau, O.A .................. 2364 Steedman, R.S ................. 2345 -":"

Pell, R.A .............. 2231, 2232 Steininger, D.A ............. 2323Pettigrew, M.j ....... ........ 2325 Stern, M .................... 2352Porter, M.B......... ....... 2351 Storch, J.................. 2261Price, S.J ............. 2303, 2310 Su Qingzu................... 2229....................... 2332, 2333 Sunden, B ................... 2327Rades, M............... ..... 2383 Sunnersjo, C.S .............. 2249Raghavan, T ................. 2218 Syamal, P.K ................. 2364Reavis, J.R ................. 2337 Tajima, K ................... 2253Reddy, J.N ................. 2285 Talreja, R.................. 2374Reid, S.R .................... 2267 Tarics, A.G ................. 2243Reiss, E.L.................. 2351 Tayel, M.A ............ 2294, 2295Ren, L.X .................... 2278 Tedesco, J.W.......... 2293, 2354Ricketts, D ................. 2288 Teh, C.E .................... 2312Rienstra, S.W............... 2340 Tonshoff, H.K..2201Rinker, R.L................... 2244 Toridis, T.G................ 2215Robert, G ................... 2283 Trethewey, M.W .............. 2386Robert, M ................... 2210 Tromp, J.H .................. 2325Robertson, J.S .............. 2350 Tsurui, A ................... 2399Robinson, M.C .... 2368 Tung, C ........................ 2248Ross, T.J ............. 2266, 2268 Turnbull, D.H ............... o2275Rotoloni, D.F ............... 2302 Tustin, W................... 2378 -Russell, D.L ................. 2365 van Campen, D.H ............. 2334Sabot, J .................... 2283 van der Burgh, A.H.P ........ 2258Safar, K.N .................. 2391 van der Hoogt, P.J.M ........ 2334Sageau, J.F ................. 2210 Vassilev, V.M............... 2227Samaras, E ......... 2399 Vasudevan, N ................ 2284Sandifer, J.B...2308, 2316 Villard, B.................. 2329Sato, H ....................... 2291 Ville, J.M .................. .. 2341Saurer, G ............. 2223 Walters, W.P .................. 2356Savkar, S.D.............2274, 2309 Wambsganss, M.W..2313, 2314, 2319Saylan, S .................. 2215 Wampler, C, .................. 2398Schneider, W.G ............ 2317 Wang, K.W................... 2203Schnobrich, W.C ............. 2298 Wanner, R................... 2223Schroedl, M................. 2355 Watanabe, T. ................. 2260

86

... . . . . . . .

-T[ ]L-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~..L ..]...L..T. ......-.....-. ........ .'L--[......-[.-... .. ].-...-;.-" -'"--- '-• - , ''-,-._,, . 3 -.- '3 - ._.-." -_._' _. '-_,_._.- ._"._"., . " ' .- . . ..-'. .". . . . . . . . . ..

-.-_ -. _ . ' . : " '- ' --,' ," _ _''

*Watson, P.C.................. 2224 Yang, CAI..................... 2313*Way, D....................... 2243 Yang, T.Y.................... 2282*Wayman, JAL.................. 2238 Yehia, N.A.B................. 2377

*Weaver, D.S............ 2305, 2311 Yong, Y...................... 2212................... 2330, 2331 Yu jingyuan.................. 2236

Wegener, R.B................. 2265 Yu junyi...................... 2204Wegner, 0.................... 2385 Yu, J.C....................... 2349Welt, F....................... 2372 Zaman, K.B.M.Q............... 2349Wheeler, W.K................. 2207 Zdravkovich, M.M............. 2335Wiedner, T.J................. 2377 Zhang Yaoqin................. 2220Wight, J.K................... 2208 Zheng Detao.................. 2204

*Williams, F.W................ 2262 Thu Guangtian................ 2236Wong, F.S..................... 2268 Ziada, S...................... 2307

*Wu Zongren................... 2228 Zukas, J.A................... 2356 .

* Yamada,G...........29 Zukauskas, A.A............... 2315*Yamada, T..................... 2209- :

87

12fl13-16 Ametican Powet ConferenceCASME3 Chicago, IL (ASMED

DECEMBER29-1 9th luternstimal Symposium on

11-13 Western Design Engineering Shw ballistics [Royal Armament Research and[ASME] Anaheim, CA (ASME) Development Establishment] RMCS, Shriv-

enham, Wiltshire, UK (Mr. N. Griffiths,OBE, Head/XT Group, RARDE, Fort Hal-stead, Sevenoaks, Kent TN14 7BP, England)

JANUARY MAY

*28-30 Reliability and Maintainability 12-16 Acoustical Society of America,*Symposium EASME] Las Vegas, NV (ASME) Spring Meeting [ASA] Cleveland, OH (ASA

Hqs.)

FEBRUARY

*3-6 4th International Modal Analss JUNEConference [Union College] Los Angeles,CA (Ms. Rae D'Amelio, Union College, 3-6 Symposium and Exhibit on NoiseWells House, Schenectady, NY 12308 - Conmel [Hungarian Optical, Acoustical, and

*(518) 370-6288) Cinematographic Society; National Environ-mental Protection Authority of Hungary]Szeged, Hungary (Mrs. Ildiko Baba,

MARCH OPAKFI, Ankcr koz 1, 1061 Budapest,Hungary)

5-7 Vibration Damping Workshop 11[Flight Dynamics Laboratory of the Air 4-6 Machinery Vibration MonitoringForce Wright Aeronautical Labs.] Las and Analysis Meeting [Vibration Institute]Vegas, NV (Mrs. Melissa Arrajj, Administra- Las Vegas, NV (Dr. Ronald L. Eshleman,tive Chairman, Martin Marietta Denver Director, The Vibration Institute, 101 W.Aerospace, P.O. Box 179, Mail Stop M0486, 55th St., Suite 206, Clarendon Hills, IL

*Denver, CO 80201 - (303) 977-8721) 60514 - (312) 654-2254)

24-27 Design Engineerinj Confecrenc D-12 Symposium on Dynamic Behaviorand Show [ASME] Chicago, IL (ASME) of Composite Materials, Components and

Structures [Society for Experimental Me-chanics] New Ocitans, LA (R.F. Gibson,

APRIL Mcch. Engrg. Dept., University of Idaho,Moscow, ID 83843 - (208) 885-7432)

8-11 International Conference on Acous-* tics. Speech, and Signal Processing [Acous-

tical Society of Japan, IEEE ASSP Society,and Institute of Electronics and Communica- JULYtion Engineers of Japan] Tokyo, Japan(l-iroya Fujisaki, EE Department, Faculty of 20-24 International Computers in Engi-Engineetrg, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo- neering Conference and Exhibition [ASME]ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) Chicago, IL (ASME)

88

........... *. . . . . .. ..

21-23 INTER-NOE 86 rlnatitute of OCTOBDERNoise Control Engineering] Cambridge, MA ~'' .

'p(Professor Richard H. Lyon, Chairman, 5-8 Design Automation ConferenceINTER-NOISE 86, INTER-NOISE 86 Secre- EASME] Columbus, OH (ASME)tariat, MIT Special Events Office, Room7-111, Cambridge, MA 02139) 5-8 Mechanisms Conference [ASMEJ

Columbus, OH (ASME)24-31 12th Intemusuonal Congress on

*Acoustic&, Toronto, Canada (12th ICA Scc- 19-23 Power Generation Conferenceretariat, P.O. Box 123, Station Q, Toronto, [ASME3 Portland, OR (ASME)

OniCnaaMTZ7 20-22 Lubrication Conference LASME3

SBFFMDBRPittsburgh, PA (ASME)

14-17 Iternational Conference on Rotor- NOVEMBERdynamics [IFToMM and Japan Society ofMechanical Engineers] Tokyo, Japan (Japan 30-5 American Society of MechanicalSociety of Mechanical Engineers, Sanshin Engineers, Winter Annual Meeting LASME3Hokusci Bldg., 4-9, Yoyogi 2-chome, Shibu- San Francisco, CA (ASME)yak-ku, Tokyo, Japan)

22-25 World Congress on ComputationalMechanics [International Association ofComputational Mechanics] Austin, Texas(WCCM/TICOM, The University of Texas at

* Austin, Austin, TX 78712)

-

89

CALENDAR ACRONYM DEFINIIONS *

AND ADDRESSES OF SOCIETY HEADQUARTERS .,

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c/o Univ. Mass., Dept. MEASA Acoustical Society of America Amherst, MA 01002

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ne etingASCE American Society of Civil Engi- P.O. Box 3206, Arlington Branch

neers Poughkeepsie, NY 12603United Engineering Center . - -

345 E. 47th St. ISA Instrument Society of AmericaNew York, NY 10017 67 Alexander Dr.

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Engineers SAE Society of Automotive Engineers838 Busse Highway 400 Commonwealth Dr.Park Ridge, IL 60068 Warrendale, PA 15096

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ICF International Congress on Fracture SNAME Society of Naval Architects andTohoku University Marine EngineersSendai, Japan 74 Trinity P1.

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tronics Engineers SPE Society of Petroleum EngineersUnited Engineering Center 6200 N. Central Expressway34 5 E. 47th St. Dallas, TX 75206New York, NY 10017

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enc es Naval Research Laboratory940 E. Northwest Highway Code 5804Mt. Prospect, IL 60056 Washington, D.C. 20375-5000

90 *U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1985-491-6.-,-14

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- ...7S

PUBLICATION POUICY

Unsolicited articles are accepted for publi- -- each citation number as itcation in the Shock and Vibrasim Digest. appears in text (not in alpha-Feature articles should be tutorials and/or betical order)reviews of areas of interest to shock and -- last name of author/editorvibration engineers. Literature review followed by initials or firstarticles should provide a subjective cri- name

* tique/summary of papers, patents, proceed- -- tides of articles within quota-ings, and reports of a pertinent topic in tions, titles of books under- -..--.

the shock and vibration field. A literature linedreview should stress important recent tech- -- abbreviated tide of journal innology. Only pertinent literature should be which article was publishedcited. Illustrations are encouraged. De- (see Periodicals Scanned list intailed mathematical derivations are dis- January, June, and Decembercouraged; rather, simple formulas issues)representing results should be used. When -- volume, issue number, andcomplex formulas cannot be avoided, a pages for journals; publisherfunctional form should be used so that for booksreaders will understand the interaction -- year of publication in paren-between parameters and variables, theses

Manuscripts must be typed (double-spaced) A sample reference list is given below. J*.and figures attached. It is strongly recom-mended that line figures be rendered in irk 1. Platzer, M.F., "Transonicor heavy pencil and neatly labeled. Photo- Blade Flutter -- A Survey,"graphs must be unscreened glossy black and Shock Vib. Dig., Z (7), ppwhite prints. The format for references 97-106 (July 1975).shown in Digest articles is to be followed.

2. Bisplinghoff, R.L., Ashley, H.,Manuscripts must begin with a brief ab- and Halfman, R.L., Aeg -la"stract, or summary. Only material re- s" Addison-Wesley (1955).fered to in the text should be included inthe list of References at the end of the 3. Jones, W.P., (Ed.), "Manual onarticle. References should be -cted in text A eroelasticity," Part 11, Aero- 0by consecutive numbers in brackets, as in dynamic Aspects, Advisorythe following example: Group Aeronaut. Res. Dev.

(1962).Unfortunately, such information isoften unreliable, particularly sta- Articles for the Digest will be reviewedtistical data pertinent to a relia- for technical content and edited for stylebility assessment, as has been and format. Before an article is submit-previously noted til. ted, the topic area should be cleared with

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Research Editor 4iThe format and style for t.ze list of Refer- Vibration Instituteences at the end of the article are as fol- 101 W. 55th Street, Suite 206lows: Clarendon Hills, Illinois 60514

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