The Seven Years War: 1754 to 1763 Wait: Isnt that 9 years? Yes.
Yes, it is.
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What started it? In a nutshell: Trade. European empires were
starting to get in each others way. This led to conflict. Empires
also had shifting allegiances with other empires.
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Why Winston Churchill called it the first world war Allied with
English Prussia Hanover Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel Iroquois Confederacy
Portugal Hesse-Kassel Schaumburg-Lippe Allied with France Austria
Russia Spain Sweden Saxony Mughal Empire
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Psst! Want some more maps? Psst! Want some more maps?
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VS James Wolfe 1727-1759 English Commander Brilliant, but makes
very strange choices Doesnt listen to others opinions Not very
popular with his men Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon (Most folks
just call him Montcalm) 1712-1759 French Commander Experienced
Efficient leader, but tends to do things by the book Liked by his
men, but disliked by the local political leadership in Quebec
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Three Important Battles Fort Necessity Siege of Fort William
Henry Battle of the Plains of Abraham
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Fort Necessity In Ohio River Valley Both English and French
colonists thought they had rights to the area Fur Traders kept
getting in each others territory George Washington provokes a fight
with the French He then retreats to a fort he quickly put together,
called Fort Necessity British lose, Washington retreats (the only
time he ever does so) This starts the French and Indian War, the
North American part of the war.
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Siege of Fort William Henry Another battle, this time a French
and First Nations siege of an English fort. English retreat. Some
First Nations allied with the French chase down and kill the
retreating soldiers English use this event as an excuse for several
later attacks against the First Nations
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Battle of the Plains of Abraham Battle that decides the fate of
North America Wolfe and Montcalm meet at a a farmers field outside
of Quebec City Wolfe wins the battle in less than thirty minutes,
due to unusual tactics Both Wolfe and Montcalm die in the
battle
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Videos! Dont write this part! Great background by John Green.
Hes American, and talks really fast, but its a great overview.
Great background by John Green A 5 minute video. A bit easier to
digest. A 5 minute video.
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The Royal Proclamation of 1763
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What was in this proclamation? A proclamation is a statement by
a king or a queen that is made into law. Colonists forbidden from
going on land West of the Proclamation line Only the Crown (the
King) could buy lands from the First Nations. Laws favoured the
English (ex: no Catholics allowed to be elected)
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Why? Britain had control of land buying process. Not colonists
or Aboriginals. By keeping colonists from moving West, Britain
hoped that colonists in the South would move North into
Quebec.
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reaction Good for First Nations, because it protected their
rights to land in the West. Also bad for First Nations, because
they didnt have the option to sell their own land Bad for the
French, who worried that the King was trying to make Quebec more
English. Bad for Americans, who wanted to move West, but werent
allowed.
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Quebec Act 1774
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What was in the Quebec act? Guaranteed French language rights
Allowed Roman Catholics to run for office Brought back French
property and civil law but kept English criminal law. Allowed
Catholic church to tithe again (tax for church), which made the
Catholics happier.
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Why? No one wanted another fight between the French and the
English. British needed to balance needs of English Against needs
of French.
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Reaction: Table Groups How would you react if you were: French,
and living in Quebec? English, and living in Quebec? An American
colonist? First Nations?