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should come upon them for gratuitous advice. This is allthe harder to ’bear as so many patients who used to givereasonable fees are now so impoverished that they reallycannot pay anything. There is as much, indeed more workto be done, but much less to receive than formerly. Thus

I called on a non-panel doctor who I found had been

kept from his dinner by nine army dependents. After givingthem gratuitous advice a tenth visitor came, but instead of apaying patient he proved to be the water-rate collector.

Ajter-fjfeots of the Air Bombs.It may not, perhaps, be generally realised that the

airship bombs have materially increased the amount ofwork falling upon the medical practitioners. It is not thecasualties that count: two killed, three wounded, and minorinjuries make but little difference in the total number of

patients ill from all causes. But there has been a great amountof illness and some deaths among those who were not struck.People with weak hearts, startled by the noise and alarm,had violent attacks of palpitation, and several of the deathsa few days after the bombardment were due to the shock. Thenthere are the highly nervous or neurotic persons One case wasthat of a woman who could not be induced to sit still but wasconstantly springing to her feet, pacing up and down theroom, wondering what she would do if Zeppelins droppedmore bombs. In another patient the pulse, previouslynormal, continued beating at 105 per minute a fortnightafter the explosions. These certainly did make a verygreat noise, and being absolutely unexpected were all themore startling. Now that the people are a little moreaccustomed to such aggression, it is probable that anotherattack would occasion much less disturbance. Nevertheless,.the emotion they cause must seriously affect persons withweak hearts or highly nervous temperaments.

THE SERVICES.

ROYAL NAVY MEDICAL SERVICE.THE undermentioned has been granted a temporary com-

mission as Surgeon in His Majesty’s Fleet: Arthur ErnestIles.The following appointments have been notified :-Staff-

Surgeon : B. R. Bickford to the Pembroke, additional.Temporary Surgeons: G. M. Oakden to the Prince George ; ;D. R. Bedell-Sivright and G. S. Aspinall to the Victory, addi-tional, for Haslar Hospital; W. B. Cunningham and W. L.Glegg to the Pembroke, additional, for Chatham Hospital, allas additional medical officers ; A. G. Stewart and D. S.MacKnight to the Vivid, additional, for disposal.

ROYAL NAVAL VOLUNTEER RESERVE.

Surgeon: W. H. Bleaden to the Pembroke, additional.ARMY MEDICAL SERVICE.

Colonel John C. Culling is retained on the Active Listunder the provisions of Article 120, Royal Warrant for Payand Promotion, 1913, and to be supernumerary (datedFeb. 7th).

ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS.Brevet-Colonel Frederick Smith, D.S.O., is retained on the

Active List under Article 120, Royal Warrant for Pay andPromotion, and to be Supernumerary (dated Feb. 8th).The undermentioned are granted temporary rank as

follows :-To be Lieutenant-Colonel : Dated Jan. 19th:Robert Thomson Leiper. To be Lieutenants: Dated Jan. 19th :Reginald Percy Cockin and John Gordon Thomson.The undermentioned relinquish their temporary com-

missions with the Allied Forces Base Hospital :-DatedFeb. 1st: Major Arthur G. Whitehorne-Cole, Major BarnardHudson, Major Philip M. Heath, Captain Ernest D. Roberts,Lieutenant Oswald T. Dinnick, and Lieutenant WilliamM. S. Robinson.Sydney George Leyland Catch love to be temporary

Captain (dated Jan. llth).Lieutenant Gwilym L. Pierce relinquishes his temporary

cofnmission (dated Jan. 23rd).Temporary Lieutenant James G. Ferguson resigns his

commission (dated Feb. 4th).The undermentioned to be temporary Lieutenants :-Dated

Jan. 16th : Dominic Francis Curran, John Hastings Glover,William Pritchard-Airey, and James Morrison. DatedJan. 18th: Herbert William Fankhausen, James ChurchillDunn, Wilfred Conrad Stanley Wood, Donald Watson,Fergus Hay Young, George Allan Maling, Stanislaus Reader,Walter Netherwood Rishworth, Leonard Andersen PearceBurt, and Samuel Ridley Mackenzie. Dated Jan. 20th:Charles Patrick Valentine MacCormack, Archer Ryland,Charles James Glasson, James Ninian George William

McMorris, and Henry William Doll. Dated Jan. 21st:James Tate, Frank Llewellyn Gill, William AlfredTaylor, Charles Birch, Arthur William Hunter Donaldson,Henry Sydney Colchester Hooper, John Frederick Venables,Edward Benjamin Sunderland, Clive Watney Roe,Frank Cyril Greig, John Phillips Blockley, DesmondWilliam Beamish, William Leslie, Robert WalpoleMurphy, James Parker, Arthur Poole, Gerald Robinson,Cyril Carlyle Beatty, Patrick Steele, William ArmourBrown, Reginald Hannay Fothergill, and Desmond ManusMacManus. Dated Jan. 22nd: William Gerald Ridgway,Robert Aikin Wright, James Hill, Bevil MolesworthCollard, Thomas Joseph Redmond Maguire, and HaroldMyrie Cory.

SPECIAL RESERVE OF OFFICERS.

Royal Army Medical Corps.Lieutenant Robert Dunlop Goldie to be Captain.Supplementary to Regular Units or Corps : Royal Army

’ Medical Corps.’, The undermentioned Lieutenants are confirmed in theirrank: John S. Dockrill, Henry P. Whitworth, Thomas 13. S.Bell, Francis A. Duffield, John J. D. La Touche, Joseph H.Baird, John J. Molyneaux, John Stephenson, James Purdie,Clark Nicholson, William S. Wallace, Samuel D. G.McEntire, Gerald G. Alderson, Arthur A. Smalley, Wilfrid B.Wood, Francis A. Roddy, Harold A. Crouch, Herbert S.Milne, John S. Pooley, Quentin V. B. Wallace, William H.Nicholls, Henry Alcock, John Kennedy, and Thomas F.Kennedy.I The undermentioned to be Lieutenants (on probation) :Henry Richard Sheppard, Cadet of the Officers TrainingCorps, and Robert Harvey Williams, ex-Cadet of the OfficersTraining Corps.

TERRITORIAL FORCE.

Royal Army Medical Corps.2nd London (City of London) Field Ambulance: Captain

(Honorary Lieutenant in the Army) William E. Rielly, fromthe Territorial Force Reserve, to be Captain.2nd London (City of London) General Hospital: Maynard

Horne to be Captain (temporary). Lieutenant HoraceG. L. Haynes, from 2nd North Midland Field Ambulance, tobe Lieutenant.Sanitary Service: Alfred Ernest Williams to be Captain,

whose services will be available on mobilisation.3rd Northern General Hospital: Norton Milner to be

Captain, whose services will be available on mobilisation.lst Southern General Hospital: Robert Beatson Dennis

Hird to be Captain, whose services will be available onmobilisation.South-Eastern Mounted Brigade Field Ambulance:

Captain Charles Holt Caldicott, from Attached to Unitsother than Medical Units, to be Captain. Captain ArthurLewis Heiser, from Attached to Units other than MedicalUnits, to be Captain.2nd Home Counties Field Ambulance: Captain James

Dundas, from Sanitary Service, to be Captain. LieutenantErnest Mannering Morris, from Attached to Units otherthan Medical Units, to be Lieutenant.

1st London (City of London) Sanitary Company: AndrewAlexander McWhan to be Lieutenant.2nd North Midland Field Ambulance: Lieutenant Hubert

Pinto-Leite, from the 2nd London (City of London) FieldAmbulance, to be Lieutenant.2nd Lowland Field Ambulance: To be Lieutenants:

Stephen Anderson MacPhee and Colin Cameron Philip (lateCactet, Edinburgh University Contingent, Senior Division,Officers Training Corps).2nd Northumbrian Field Ambulance: William Smith to

be Lieutenant.Attached to Units other than Medical Units.-To be

Lieutenants: William Brown and William Alfred Phillipps.

VITAL STATISTICS.

HEALTH OF ENGLISH TOWNS.

IN the 96 English and Welsh towns with populationsexceeding 50,000 persons at the last census, 8680 births and6995 deaths were registered during the week ended Saturday,Feb. 6th. The annual rate of mortality in these towns,which had been 188, 180, and 19’2 per 1000 in the three pre-ceding weeks, further rose in the week under notice to 20-1per 1000 of their aggregate population, estimated at 18,134,239persons at the middle of 1914. During the first five weeksof the current quarter the mean annual death-rate in thesetowns averaged 19-1, against 20’0 per 1000 in London. Theannual death-rate last week ranged from 10’3 in llford,10-9 in Swindon, 11-8 in Southampton, 12-5 in Edmontonand in Warrington, and 12-9 in Wakefield, to 29-9 in GreatYarmouth, 3l6 in Brighton, 32-5 in Merthyr Tydfil, 35-2in, Stockton-on-Tees,. and 40- in Cambridge. , .