THE SERBIAN SOKOL CLUB IN BANJA LUKA · Babić, Mića Baslać and others7, and even Petar Kočić, a writer, found himself among founders of The Serbian Soko in 1907.8 In those times,

Physical education and sport through the centuries 2015, 2(1), 32-53 ISSN 2335-0598

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Originalresearcharticle

THESERBIANSOKOLCLUBINBANJALUKA

MirjanaProdanović1andPetarD.Pavlović2

1Primaryschool''BrankoĆopić'',Prnjavor,RepublikaSrpska

2FacultyofPhysicalEducationandSports,BanjaLuka,RepublikaSrpska

MirjanaProdanovićandPetarD.Pavlović

UDK796.03(439.55)+(497.11)

SUMMARY

TheSokol movement(fromtheSlavicwordforfalcon)appearedinCzechin1862 as a new way of physical training, a part of the framework of the Czechresistance to Austro‐Hungarian government. Even though the Sokol ideologysprung up in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1893, the first Serbian gymnastics clubObilićwasn’t established until 1904 inMostar. The Serbian Sokol club inBanjaLukawasfoundedinthemiddleof1907andwasworkinguntilJuly1914whenalltheSokolclubsinBosniaandHerzegovinaweredisbanded.WithinthatperiodtheSerbianSokolshadamajorroleinexpansionofSokolideasinBosnia.

Historical method was used in this research. The research subject was thedevelopmentofSokolideasintheBanjaLukaregion,andtheaimwastoilluminateandtearfromoblivionthedevelopmentandworkoftheSerbianSokolclubinBanjaLukabytheendofJuly1914,andtoexploreitssignificanceforthegrowthofSokolbeliefsinBosniaandHerzegovina.

Keywords:Sokolideas,Sokols,publictrainings,slets,theSokolclub

CorrespondenceauthorPetarPavlović[email protected]

INTRODUCTION

TheSokolmovementrepresentedthesystemofgymnasticstrainings firstappeared inCzech in1862.Themovementexpandedreallyquicklyandreachedother Slavic nations, so it also arrived among the Serbs living in contemporaryBosniaandHerzegovina.


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EventhoughtheSerbsinFočatriedtoformagymnasticsclubin1893,theydidn’t succeed in their intention. After the suggested proposals had beenforbiddenbythelocalGovernment(Zemaljskavlada), theythoughtofanideatoform alcohol forbidden club Pobratimstvo in which gymnastics section wasacting. The proposals for this club weren’t approved by the government until1899.ThefirstSerbiangymnasticsclubObilićwas foundedinMostar in1904.Withinthefollowingfewyears,inBosniaandHerzegovinagymnasticsclubswereappearingbythevarioustitles,dependingonwhatwastheirmainideology(pro‐Serbianorpro‐Yugoslav).AftertheannexationofBosniaandHerzegovinain1908theSerbsstartedtostriveforunionoftheirgymnasticsclubs.Theseorganizationswere united in the Serbian Sokol Bosnia‐Herzegovinian Community (Srpskasokolska župa bosanskohercegovačka) with headquarters in Sarajevo in theconferencesheldon8thAugustaswellas3rdand4thofDecember1909.1Thatwasthemomentwhenall theSerbian clubs inBosniaandHerzegovinaobtained thename of the Serbian Soko (Srpski Soko). The local Government allowed theproposals for the Community on 26th February 1910, so that the constitutionalconferencewasheldon9thMaythesameyear.

By the decree of the local Government, proclaimed on 2nd May 1913(published in Sarajevo gazette on 3rd May), general Oskar Potiorek declaredspecific measures according which all the Serbian clubs in Bosnia andHerzegovina have been disbanded. The Sokols, as well as the Serbian SokolBosnia‐HerzegovinianCommunity,sharedthefateoftheotherclubs.Thereasonsfor this act had been The Skadar crisis (Skadarska kriza) and Balkanwars inwhichbothSerbiaandMontenegro,asfreecountrieswithanenormousinfluenceontheSerbsinBosniaandHerzegovina,hadtakenpart.UnderthepressureoftheEuropean public community and the management of disbanded organizations,especiallyVojislavBasarović,presidentoftheSerbianSokolBosnia‐HerzegovinianCommunity, these measures were abolished on 15th November the same year.That’swhena largenumber of clubs renewed theirwork.However, thereweresomethathavenotdonethis.The finalsuspensionof theSerbianSokolclubs inBosnia andHerzegovina occurred on 25th July 1914,when the general PotiorekdismissedtheSerbianSokolBosnia‐HerzegovinianCommunityandconfiscatedallitspossessions.ThepersecutionoftheSokolmembers,mainlytheSerbs,started.2

1 Hajrudin Ćurić, Prvo srpsko sokolsko društvo u Sarajevu (1905 – 1919), (Sarajevo, Zavod za fizičku kulturu, 1975)

2 Hajrudin Ćurić, „Kako je ukinuta Srpska sokolska župa bosansko-hercegovačka“, Prilozi za istoriju fizičke kulture u Bosni i Hercegovini br. 4 (1971): 1 – 10.


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After the war, the Serbian Sokols in Bosnia and Herzegovina started torebuildtheirorganizations.TheSerbianSokolBosnia‐HerzegovinianCommunitywas also renewed. Itsmanagementmade a decision to strike theword SerbianfromthenameoftheclubandjointheCroatianandtheMuslimSokolsinBosniaandHerzegovinaon27thApril1919.3

THESUBJECTANDTHEAIM

The Sokol principles in Banja Luka haven’t been examined enough.Considering that this problem represents very important part of the history ofphysicaleducationinBanjaLukaandinBosniaandHerzegovina,wedecidedthatthesubjectof thisresearchwouldbethedevelopmentofSokolprinciples in theregionofBanjaLuka.TheaimoftheresearchistolightuptherisingoftheSerbianSokolclub inBanjaLuka, itsworkand thegrowthuntil theendof July1914,aswell as its influence on the strengthening of the Sokol ideas in Bosnia andHerzegovina.

METHOD

Historicalmethodwasusedindealingwiththissubject.Historicalsourcesoriginated from the period of founding and acting of the club, aswell as somesources written in the later ages, were looked through with criticism andanalyzed.

RESULTSANDDISCUSSION

Theformingoftheclub

WefoundthefirstdataoffoundingofgymnasticscircleinBanjaLukaintheBilloftheStateAttorney'sOfficeinBanjaLuka(OptužnicaDržavnogodvjetništvauBanjojLuci),whereitisallegedthatagymnasticscircle,ledbyProfessorVladislavSkarić,wasfoundedon20thOctober1905.ThecirclehasgrownintheSokolclublater.4 According to data found in The Vrbas newspapers (Vrbaske novine) the

3 Hajrudin Ćurić, „Srpska sokolska župa bosansko-hercegovačka“, Prilozi za istoriju fizičke kulture u Bosni i Hercegovini br. 1 (1968): 3 – 9.

4 Оптужницa Државног одвјетништва у Бањој Луци бр. 1, 685/15, стр. 238.


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Serbian Sokol club in Banja Luka started its activities at the end of 1906.5 ThesamedataismentionedinTheSerbianSoko(SrpskiSoko).6However,wehaven’tcome across the exact date of founding. During this first unofficial period ofSokol activities its initiators encouraged citizens of Banja Luka to join theSokols;theyalsogaveproposalsoftheclubforapprovaltotheGovernmentandorganizedatemporarymanagingboardoftheclubitself.InitiatorsandorganizersoftheSerbianSokolclubinBanjaLukawereVladislavSkarić,SavoSurutka,AcoBabić, Mića Baslać and others7, and even Petar Kočić, a writer, found himselfamongfoundersofTheSerbianSokoin1907.8Inthosetimes,iteventookafewyearsfortheauthoritiestoapprovetheproposalsandtoletanyorganizationtobefound,sowemightconcludethattheBanjaLuka’sSokolshaven’twaitedforalongtime.Thepermissionforfoundingandworkwasgiventothemon14thMay1907.Thisdate canbe takenas a startingpoint of official club activity.This clubwasenlistedintheregisterofsportsandSokolorganizationsbythenumber76085.9Exactlyonemonthafter that,on14th Juneat8p.m. inBanjaLuka, themembersattended the Constitutional conference when the first Managing board waselected.10 Vladislav Skarić, a professor in The Grammar school (Velika realnagimnazija),waselectedpresident,andPetarKočićwaschosenforhisdeputy.ThepositionofsecretarywastrustedtoPetarOreščanin,asavingsbankclerk,andtheplaceoftreasurergotVladoMalić,amerchant.MilanKovačević,abankclerk,wasgivenapositionofakeeper.Assembly’sparticipantsbecameProf.Dr.VasoGlušac,Branko Stričević, a merchant, and Petar Miljević, a measurer, while VladislavBabić,amerchant,JocaMihailović,aclerkintheStatebank,andSavoMiljković,atailor’s assistant,were chosen for their deputies. Aksa Bajić, the director of theCreditOffice,DušanPuvačić,amerchant,andMićoBogdanović,aclerkintheStatebank,becamerevisers.Around100membersjoinedtheclub.11

Wehaven’tmanagedtofindmanypiecesofinformationabouttheSerbianSokolclubinBanjaLukafortheperiodtilltheWorldWarI.Thereasonsforthis

5 Божо Митровић, „Соколске свечаности“, Врбаске новине, 5. јун 1938.

6 „Нов Српски Соко у Босни“, Српски Соко - лист за соколске ствари, бр. 9 (1907): 159.


8 Ђорђе Микић, Бања Лука култура грађанског друштва (Бања Лука: Институт за историју, 2004)

9 Ljubiša Zečević, „Uticaj društveno-političke i ekonomske kostelacije u Bosni i Hercegovini za vrijeme austrougarske vladavine na razvoj fizičke kulture“ (Doktorska disertacija, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet za fizičku kulturu, 1988)

10 „Српски Соко“, Отаџбина, 29. јун 1907.

11 „Српски Соко у Бањалуци“, Српски Соко - лист за соколске ствари бр. 2 (1907): 27 – 28.


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are, probably, inefficient arrangements inside the club at the beginning of theirwork and very small number of written traces concerning its activities, theconfiscationofdocumentsinthetimeof“specificmeasures”andatthebeginningoftheWorldWarIbytheAustro‐Hungarianauthorities,aswellasdestructionofthedocumentsduringthewaritself.

TheclubactivitiesfromthefoundingtilltheendofJuly1914

TheSerbianSokoinBanjaLukahadnumerousproblemsinthefirstyearsof itswork. Banja Luka’s Sokols neither had their own gym (especially difficultwas in the wintertime), nor they had expert trainers of gymnastics. Also thefinancialsituationwasn’ttoopromising.However,goodwillandenthusiasmofitsmembers helped the club to grow. They spread the Sokol spirit to their fellow‐citizens, to the population of the nearby villages, by organizing various events(public trainings,massivegymnasticfestivalscalledslets, lectures,parties).Theyalsotookpartinentertainmentshowsgivenbydifferentculturalandeducationalorganizationsintheregion.

Soon after the Constitutional conference, the management of the clubsummoned a specialmeetingwhich had a task to discuss the possibility of theclub’s name being changed. During the period of the founding of the firstgymnasticsclubsinSerbiathereweredisagreementsbetweendušanovci(whoseguiding line was traditional Serbia) and the Sokols (who followed the Slavicideology). The problemwas carried on to the Serbs in Bosnia andHerzegovinawhere,too,therehadbeenfollowersofthebothstreams. Inthemiddleof1907the members of the gymnastics club Dusan the Mighty (Dusan the Mighty)from Sarajevo started the initiative wishing that all gymnastics clubs in thecountrycometogetherbyonejointnameDusantheMighty.12ThemembersoftheclubfromBanjaLukasoonafter,on2ndSeptemberofthecurrentyearat6p.m.had the conference deciding whether the club’s name should be changed. Themembers’ uniforms would proportionally be modified with the club’s name.13There were opposed attitudes with many of the members, so in the followingsessionthereweresplitopinionsconcerningthenameoftheclub.Nevertheless,thenameDusantheMightywaskeptaftertheheateddiscussionandthesecretvoting on 23rd May 1908.14 After the forming of the Serbian Sokol Bosnia‐HerzegovinianCommunityallgymnasticsclubsweregiventhenametheSerbian

12 „Душан Силни“, Отаџбина, 6. јул 1907.

13 „Душан Силни“, Отаџбина, 21. септембар 1907.

14 Мићо Богдановић, „Душан Силни у Бањалуци“, Српски Соко - лист за соколске ствари бр. 11 (1908): 171 – 172.


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Soko,whichwasthecasewiththeclubinBanjaLuka,too.Thatwaytheoriginalnamewasrestoredanditstoodonfrom1909till1914.It isofcourseclearthatthenameitselfwasn’ttheproblembutitservedintheconflictofthetwopoliticalstreams.ThisconflictbroughtdiscomforttothefreshlyfoundedBanjaLuka’sclub,and along with the other poor conditions, it resulted with the bad work anduneasyspiritsamongmembers.

TheManagingboardwastryingtosolveprobleminthedeficiencyofexperttrainers of gymnastics in Banja Luka in various ways. In the period after thefounding the leader was being chosen out of existing order. This was not apermanentsolution,sothatDimšoBožić,aleadingtrainerofTheSerbianSokofromTuzla,wasassignedthatpositionin1908.HehasjustmovedtoBanjaLukaand hasmade some positive expert changes.15 However, he hasn’t stayed for alongtimeinthiscityontheVrbasRiver.Afterhisdeparture,onceagaintherewasa silent period which had been there before his coming. In The Serbian Sokomagazine concerning this, itwaswritten: ShortlybeforebrotherBožić,a formerleadingtrainerfromB.Luka,wasgoingtoleave,itseemedtheclubitselfhadbeenstruckbysomekindofdarkness,forsuddenly,andwithnoapparentreason,ithadstartedtofallapartandweaken,likeithadstoppedtolive.16WhenthepositionoftheleadertookoverSavoSurutka,amerchant,onceagaintheprogresswasmadeintheSokolclubactivities.17

The problem of the deficiency of the club accommodations was thequestion for thediscussionduringeverymeeting. So,on2nd September1907, itwas agreed that Đorđo Stričević and Stevo Marić try to arrange with LazarPopović the lowest reasonable price for some of his accommodations, puttingthemat club’sdisposal.18During themeetingon23rdMay1908, thequestionoftraining space was one of the key ones. As nothing had been done to improvethese conditions, three members of the club were chosen to raise funds forbuildingtheSokol’sgymintheshortestpossibletime.Theyraisedfundsfortheirowngymineveryopportunity,atpartiesandculturalevents.Intheyear1913,theGymConstructionFundfortheSerbianSokolsinBanjaLukawascreated,butallthemoneyraisedwasspentonorganizingVidovdanskisletheldinBanjaLukain1914.19 The longest period of time the Sokols stayed in an old building of the

15 Ibid.

16 „Српски Соко у Бањој Луци “, Српски Соко - лист за соколске ствари бр. 12 (1909): 195 – 196, стр. 195.

17 Ibid.

18 „Душан Силни“, Oтаџбина, 21. септембар 1907.

19 „Соколи селе у свој дом“, Врбаске новине, 4. јануар 1933.

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In the first half of 1909 two ordinary yearly conferences of The SerbianSoko from Banja Luka were held. In the first, not so called upon, session allexpected items in the agenda were discussed over, but the agreement wasn’tmade concerning the issue of the new Managing board. Nevertheless, in thesecond conference, held on 29th May, the new Board was elected. As a formerpresidentaskednottobereelectedonthatposition,justifyinghisdecisionbyhisoverwhelmingemployment,hewasreplacedbyMileJanković,amerchant,whileŽivkoNježić, a solicitor’s clerk,was electedhis deputy. Theposition of the clubsecretarywas given to Toma O.Mutić, an actuary in Diocesan Council, and thetreasurerwasBrankoMilošević,aclerkintheSerbianCreditOffice.Theplaceofthe keeper was trusted once again to Nikola V. Majkić. The Assembly’sParticipantsbecameSavo J. Surutka (whowas also electedasa leader),MihailoĐukić, anaccountant, andKostaŠukalo, amerchant’sassistant.Thepostsof thedeputieswere trustedtoDušanLazičić,achancellor inDiocesanCouncil,StevanKerkez, abank clerk, and JovoKаndić, a landlord.Themembersof the financialsupervisory board becameVladislav Skarić, BožidarKremenović, a court’s clerkandPetarPopović,aprofessor.24

Photography2.TheSerbianSokolsasthemembersoftheSokolclubinPraguein1911,inthefirstrowthesecondontherightisDr.JovoBokonjićfromBanjaLuka25

24 „Српски Соко у Бањој Луци “, Српски Соко - лист за соколске ствари бр. 12 (1909): 195 – 196.

25 Photography in property of Dragojla Tošić.


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ThenextregularyearlyconferenceofTheSerbianSokowasheldon17thJanuary 1910. The session was opened by the deputy of the president, ŽivkoNježić,whoinformedthecommitteeaboutthedeathofoneoftheclubmembers,DimitrijеNikolić,a judge.Afterpayingthe lastrespecttothedeceased,a formerleadersubmittedaresignationforhisoverbearingengagements,buttheAssemblymembersturneditdownandhewasreelectedtothesameposition.26However,inthecourseoftheyearhewasreplacedbyVelimirĆesarević.27WhatfollowedwasthereportoftheManagingboard,whereitwasemphasizedthattheclubpropertyhad been doubled during the year before. Savo Surutka suggested that traineesshouldbeinsuredduringthetrainings,whileVladislavSkarićaskedthefoundingof the alcohol forbidden section of the Sokols.By the end of the session a newboard was elected. Risto Božić, solicitor’s clerk, became a club president, andMilan Zаrić, a teacher, was his deputy. At the position of the treasurer, thesecretary and the keeper remained the samemembers. Petar Popović and JovoKаndić joined Kosta Šukalo in the committee positions, and for their deputieswere elected Mihailo Mitrović, a construction worker, Dragutin Mitraković, amerchantandVidPantić,ashoemaker.VladislavSkarićremainedthereviser,andDaneIvezić,asolicitor,andStevanKerkezjoinedhim.28

ThemainyearlyconferencesoftheSokolclubinBanjaLukawereheldon4th February in 1912, andon 15th February in 1914.29Wehaven’t succeeded tofindreportsfromtheothersessionsheldtill1914,butwemanagedtosingleoutsomeoftheclubofficialsfortheperiod1911‐1914usingthedatafromtheothersources. In The Tenth Anniversary Prosvjeta’s Memorial (Spomenica o proslavidesetogodišnjice Prosvjete) from 1912 it’s mentioned that the delegates of theSokol club from Banja Luka, the leader Milan Grubanović and deputy of thepresidentMilanZarićattendedthecelebration.30MilanZarićalsorepresentedtheclubintheconferenceoftheSerbianSokolBosnia‐HerzegovinianCommunityheldin 1912.31 Đorđe Mikić states that the club leader from 1912 till 1914 was

26 „Српски Соко у Бањој Луци “, Српски Соко - лист за соколске ствари, бр. 7 (1910): 136 – 137.

27 „Српски Соко у Бањој Луци “, Српски Соко - лист за соколске ствари, бр. 1 (1910): 10.


29 Оптужница Државног одвјетништва у Бањој Луци, бr. 1, 685/15.

30 Споменица о прослави десетогодишњице Просвјете (Сарајево: “Просвјета”, 1912)

31 Hajrudin Ćurić, Istorija „Srpskog Sokola“ u Sarajevu (Sarajevo: „Bosanska pošta“, 1940)


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LjubomirPopović.32DragutinDakićheldapositionoftheclubsecretaryfrom15thFebruary1914.33TherepresentativesoftheSokolsfromBanjaLukatookpartinthemeetingsinSarajevoontheoccasionoffoundingoftheSerbianSokolBosnia‐HerzegovinianCommunity.TheSokolsfromBanjaLukawererepresentedbySavoSurutkaandBrankoMiloševićinthefirstsuchmeetingheldon8thAugust1909.34ThisclubwasoneofthefirstninejoiningtheCommunityduringitsconstitutionalconferenceheldon9thMay1910.TheSokolsfromBanjaLukaregularlytookpartinanyCommunityactivities.AccordingtoareportofonepartyheldinBanjaLukainOctober1909 it’smentioned that ŽivkoNježićwas the clubpresident at thatmoment,35 so we assume that he, being a deputy of the president, took all theresponsibilitiesafterMileJankovićhadsteppedawayfromthepositionfor(tous)unknownreason in thecourseof1909. ŽivkoNježićopened thenextAssemblyconference,while there’snomentioningofMile Janković,whichalsoprovesourconclusiongivenabove.36Accordingthereportoftheclubpartyheldin1910,itismentionedthattheleaderatthattimewasVelimirĆesarеvić,37whorepresentedhis club in the specific conference of the Serbian Sokol Bosnia‐HerzegovinianCommunityheldon10thOctober1910.InTheBilloftheStateAttorney’sOfficeinBanjaLuka38,itisstatedthatVasoGlušacwaselectedfortheheadpositionoftheSokolsin1911and1912,whilethesamepositionwasheldbyMićaBaslaćforthenext twoyears. In thesamedocument, it isallegedthatVladislav J.Babićkeptapostofthedeputyofthepresidentof‘’TheSerbianSoko’’duringVidovdanskisletin1914.

We found some data for the year 1912 concerning the number and thestructureofthemembershipintheSerbianSokoclubinBanjaLuka.Accordingtothese there were total 86 members: 25 man trainees, 12 woman trainees, 40membersoftheSokolyouthand5leadingtrainers.39

32 Ђорђе Микић, Бања Лука култура грађанског друштва (Бања Лука: Институт за историју, 2004)

33 Veleizdajnički proces 1915 – 1916

34 Петар Д. Павловић, Српски Соко (Српско Сарајево, Витешко друштво Српски Соко, 1999)

35 „Српски Соко у Бањој Луци “, Српски Соко - лист за соколске ствари бр. 1 (1909): 68.



38 Оптужница Државног одвјетништва у Бањој Луци бр. 1, 685/15.

39 „Сoколска друштва“ у Календар Просвјета за преступну годину 1912. (Сарајево: „Просвјета“, 1911): 295 – 297.


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Thedataconcerningthenumberofmembersaswellthefinancialsituationin the Sokol club in Banja Luka from1907 till 1912were presented by LjubišaZečevićandtheywereasfollows:

Members Finances

Year Active Others Total Income Expense Profit (in crowns)

1907 16 44 60 613 114 498

1908 30 29 59 1583 892 690

1909 33 36 69 2007 663 1344

1910 42 65 107 3367 3326 3041

1911 119 ‐ 119 2547 1666 2380

1912 31 78 109 1531 1564 190740

The club from Banja Luka shared the same fate with the other clubs inBosnia and Herzegovina in 1913. That is, it had to stop its activities for a fewmonthsbecauseofspecificmeasuresenforcedbytheauthorities.Theactivitiesof the Sokols were renewed the same year, but only till July 1914 when themovementwascompletelydisbandedbecausethewarbrokeout.

Activitiesoftheclub

Partiesandpublictrainings

The Sokol club in Banja Luka organized numerous shows, parties andpublictrainings(exercises).Thecluborganizeditsfirstpartywithpublictrainingon1stAugust1908inthehalloftheBalkanhotel.TheSokolbeliefshaven’tbeenpopular in thecityat that timeyet,so theattendance to thepublic trainingwasvery low. Dimšo Božić was the leader at that moment so he was the mostresponsibleforthepartoftheprogramwhentheexerciseswereperformed.TheSokols fromBanja Luka saved all the funds, raised during this and every other

40 Ljubiša Zečević, „Uticaj društveno-političke i ekonomske kostelacije u Bosni i Hercegovini za vrijeme austrougarske vladavine na razvoj fizičke kulture“ (Doktorska disertacija, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet za fizičku kulturu, 1988)


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partytheyorganizedinthefollowingyears,tothepurposeofbuildingtheSokol’sgym.41

Forthesuccessofthefirstshowintheopenspace,heldattheendofspring1909,allthemeritswereassignedtoSavoSurutka.BackthenthememberstookpartinthepartyorganizedbytheCharityInstitutionoftheSerbianWomenfromBanjaLuka.Theydrewattentionof the largenumberof thepresent civilians totheirtrainings,whichresultedwiththeincreaseofthemembersinthefollowingperiod.42

DuringtheperiodbeforetheWorldWarI,membersoftheSokolclubfromBanjaLukamostfrequentlyorganizedtheirpartiesintheBalkanhotel.ThiswasthecasewiththepartyorganizedinhonourofmembersoftheCountycommitteeofBanjaLukaandBihać(okrugbanjalučko‐bihaćki).Thecouncilheldaconferenceon26thOctober1909,andtheSokolclubpreparedapartywithaveryinterestingprogram in the evening of the same day. The Sokols performed: free exerciseswith spindles, exercises on a high and parallel bars, the high jump of the barsusing a skipping rope, exercises on a Pommel horse, pyramids,43 as well aswrestlingofthetwomembers.Thepartywaswellattended,andhadthedoublerole.ThefirstwastoraisefundsandthesecondwastointroducetheSokolideasto the committeemembers and to citizens of Banja Luka, especially the youngones. For thatpurpose, the leader SavoSurutkamadea speechabout the Sokolideas.44

The similarpartywasorganized the followingyear at the samedate, butthis time in the cooperation with the Serbian Singing Club Unity (SPDJedinstvo). It is interesting to state that the section of thewomanperformersappeared for the first time with the five forms of basic exercises. The Sokoladolescents, togetherwith itsgirl section, showed their skills.Themembersdidthepugilism.VelimirĆesarеvić,theleadingtraineroftheSokolsfromBanjaLuka,directedtheexpertpartoftheperformance.45

In the spring of 1914, on 30th April, themembers of the Serbian SokoattendedthecommemorationofZrinskiandFrankopanwhichhadbeenarranged


42 Ibid.

43The pyramids are the Sokolian exercises performed in the groups of several trinees.



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The biggest slet in Bosnian Frontier till the World War I was held onVidovdan(greatSerbiansaint’sday,28thJune)1914inBanjaLuka.TheSokolandthePobratimclubs fromBanjaLukaanditsnearbysettlementstookpart inthisslet.TherewereSokolsfromZagreb,Sisakandothercities.52Thepreparationsforthisgatheringweretakingalongtime.ThemainorganizerswerethemembersoftheSokolclubfromBanjaLuka,especiallyitsofficialsVladislavBabić,MićaBaslaćand Dragutin Dakić.53 All the money, raised up to that moment by the GymConstructionFundfortheSokolsinBanjaLuka,wasspentontheorganizationofthatslet.AtdaybreakBanjaLukawasdecoratedwith flower, flagsandtapestry,and the citizens of Banja Luka were woken up by the Sokol’s music. Thecompetitions,undertheguidanceofLjubomirPopović,startedinfrontoftheoldOrthodoxchurchofHolyTrinityearlyinthemorning.HisEminenceMetropolitanVasilije made a commemoration to heroes from Kosovo inside the church, andafterthatagreatprocessionoftheSokols,thePobratims,aswellasthemembersoftheotherclubs,wasformed.54Theymarchedtogethernomatterwhethertheybelongedtocertainnationalityorreligionoranyother,whichwasaresultofthetendencytocreatetheYugoslavnation.Severalspeecheswithpatrioticcontentsweremadeinfrontofthenumerouscitizens.Therefollowedarecessuntil4p.m.,when a public exercisewas due to happen. After the Sokols and the Pobratimsgatheredatthesletgroundandlinedup,andthespectatorsfilledthelastplaceinthe stands, the festivity itselfwas interruptedby thenewsofFranzFerdinand’sassassinationinSarajevothatday.Itwasorderedtostopthemanifestations,andthe peoplewere dispersed. The assassination in Sarajevowas the cause for thewartocome,butalsoforthepersecutionandthearrestmentofthegreatnumberoftheSokols,thePobratimsandmembersofCivildefense(Narodnaodbrana)and The Serbian Cultural and Educational club (SKPD) Prosvjeta. Almostexclusively, the arresteeswere the Serbs, but therewas a small number of theCroatianandtheMuslimpeople,too.

TheBanjaLuka’sSokolsattendingotherclubs’socialevents

Except the ones alreadymentioned, themembers of the Sokol club fromBanjaLukaweretakingpartincompetitionsandeventsorganizedbyotherclubsin the nearby area, as well as all around Bosnia and Herzegovina and somecountriesintheregion.

52 Радмила Кујунџија, Многаја љета (Бања Лука, 2002)


54 „Видов – дан 1914. год. у Бањој Луци “, Врбаске новине, 28. јун 1938.

Physical education an2015, 2(1), 32-53 ISSN 2335-0598

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ublic training anTherepresentatika,tookpartinihavingadevelops;itisreasonablehemembersofages attendederbianSingingCasapublictrainged instrument)

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During theslet inRavanicaonVidovdan1910, in the teamof theSerbianSokol Bosnia‐Herzegovinian Community, consisting of 13 members, 1 memberfromBanjaLukafoundhisplace.Unfortunately,wecouldn’tfindhisnameintheanalyzedsources.59

Inthenextyear,1911,theclubattendedtheSecondCroatianAll‐SokoliansletinZagreb,whenalltheSokolclubsperformedtogether.60

The most important performance of the Sokol club was during the All‐Sokolian slet in Prague in 1912. To prepare the show as well as they can, theSerbian Sokols worked hard and on a regular basis. All the Serbian Sokolsperformedunderoneflag.Theleaderswerevisitingclubsinallthecommunities,keepingavigilanteyeonthepreparations,inthebeginningoftheyear.Thefirstsuchreviewof theclubs’activitieswasdone inBanjaLukaon18thMarch1912,whentheworkofthehomeclub,aswellasnighbouringones,wastestedintheiraccuracy.61

Thebiggestand themost famousevent in theBosniaandHerzegovina in1912 was the festivity of the Serbian Cultural and Educational Club (SKPD)Prosvjeta inSarajevo,regardingthe tenthanniversarysince theclubhadbeenformed.ThisclubwascloselyrelatedtotheSokolsandthePobratims,morallyandfinancially supporting their actions. 14Sokols fromBanjaLuka tookpart in thefestivityheldinSarajevoon8thand9thSeptember,buttheanniversarywasalsomarkedinothercitiesofBosniaandHerzegovina,amongothersinthecityontheVrbasRiver.62

59 „V Српски соколски слет“, Српски Соко – лист за соколске ствари бр. 12 (1910): 206 – 213.


61 „Преглед и припреме по жупама за свесоколски слет у Прагу “, Српски соколски гласник бр. 4 (1912): 40 – 41.

62 Споменица о прослави десетогодишњице Просвјете (Сарајево: „Просвјета”, 1912)


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Presidents,deputiesofthepresidents,secretaries,treasurersandleadersoftheclub

Table1.PresidentsofTheSerbianSoko(DusantheMighty)inBanjaLukafrom1907to1914

Presidents Time period in the position Profession

Vladislav Skarić 1907-1908 Professor of History and Geography

Mile Janković 1909 Merchant

Risto Božić 1910 Lawyer

Vaso Glušac 1911-1912 Professor of The Slavic Languages

Mića Baslać 1913-1914 Merchant

Table2.DeputiesofthepresidentsofTheSerbianSoko(DusantheMighty)inBanjaLukafrom1907to1914

Deputies of the presidents Time period in the position Profession

Petar Kočić 1907 Writer

Aleksandar Babić 1908 Physician

Živko Nježić 1909 Lawyer

Milan Zarić 1910-1912 Teacher

Vladislav J. Babić 1914 Merchant

Table3.SecretariesofTheSerbianSoko(DusantheMighty)inBanjaLukafrom1907to1914

Secretaries Time period in the position Profession

Petar Oreščanin 1907 clerk in the savings bank

Mićo Bogdanović 1908 clerk in the State bank

Toma O. Mutić 1909-1910 actuary in the Diocesan Council

Dragutin Dakić 1914 Chemist

Table4.TreasurersofTheSerbianSoko(DusantheMighty)inBanjaLukafrom1907to1911

Treasurers Time period in the position Profession

Vlado Malić 1907 Merchant

Vaso Bokonjić 1908 -------

Branko Milošević 1909-1910 clerk in the Serbian Credit Office


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Table5.LeadersofTheSerbianSoko(DusantheMighty)inBanjaLukafrom1907to1914

Leaders of the club Time period in the position Profession

Dimšo Božić 1908 -------

Savo Surutka 1909-1910 Merchant

Velimir Ćesarević 1910 Teacher

Milan Grubanović 1912 -------

Ljubomir Popović 1913-1914 Lawyer

Based on the facts asserted above, the conclusion can be made that theSerbianSokolclub inBanjaLuka, foundedin1907,hadan importantrole inthedevelopment of the Sokol principles in Bosnia and Herzegovina through theperiod from1907 to July1914, even though ithad itsupsanddowns.After theWorldWarI,TheSerbianSokoinBanjaLukawasrenewed,andbythemiddleof1919, it merged with The Croatian Sokol (Hrvatski Sokol), becoming onecommonSokolclubinBanjaLuka.

SOURCESANDREFERENCES:

1. „I Слет крајишких српских соколова.“ Српски Соко – лист засоколскествари,бр.12(oктобар,1910):246–248.

2. „V Српски соколски слет.“Српски соко– лист за соколске ствари,бр.12(oктобар,1910):206–213.

3. АрхивЈугославије.ДворКраљевинеЈугославије.

4. Богдановић,Мићо. „ДушанСилниуБањалуци.“Српскисоко ‐листзасоколскествари,бр.11(јун,1908):171–172.

5. Veleizdajničkiproces1915–1916

6. „Видов–дан1914.год.уБањојЛуци.“Врбаскеновине.28.јун1938:4.

7. ГимназијаБањаЛука.(2012),www.gimnazijabanjaluka.org/VasoGlusac.aspx.

8. „ДушанСилни.“Отаџбина.6.јул1907:3.

9. „ДушанСилни.“Отаџбина.21.септембар1907:3.

10. Zečević, Ljubiša. „Uticaj društveno‐političke i ekonomske kostelacije uBosniiHercegovinizavrijemeaustrougarskevladavinenarazvojfizičkekulture.“ (Doktorska disertacija) Univerzitet u Beogradu, Fakultet zafizičkukulturu,1988.

11. Јанковић,Милан. "Слобода"и"Југославија"предратнатајнађачкадруштва,Бањалучкиђачкипроцес1914/15.БањаЛука,1939.


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12. Календар Просвјета за преступну годину 1912. Сарајево:„Просвјета,1911:120.

13. Кујунџија,Радмила.Многајаљета.БањаЛука,2002.

14. Микић,Ђорђе.БањаЛука:култураграђанскогдруштва.БањаЛука:Институтзаисторију,2004.

15. Митровић, Божо. „Соколске свечаности.“ Врбаске новине. 5. јун1938:1.

16. „НовСрпскиСокоуБосни.“СрпскиСоко‐листзасоколскествари,бр.9(maj,1907):159.

17. ОптужницaДржавногодвјетништвауБањојЛуцибр.1,685/15.

18. Павловић, Петар Д. Српски Соко. Српско Сарајево: ВитешкаорганизацијаСрпскиСоко,1999.

19. „Преглед и припреме по жупама за свесоколски слет у Прагу.“Српскисоколскигласник,бр.4(aприл,1912):40–41.

20. „Соколиселеусвојдом.“Врбаскеновине.4.јануар1933:3.

21. „Соколска друштва“ у Календар Просвјета за преступну годину1912.Сарајево:„Просвјета“,1911:295–297.

22. Споменица о прослави десетогодишњице Просвјете. Сарајево:„Просвјета“,1912.

23. Споменица соколског друштва Приједор. Приједор: СоколскодруштвоПриједор,1932.

24. „СрпскиСоко.“Отаџбина.29.јун1907:3.

25. „СрпскиСокоуБањалуци.“СрпскиСоко ‐листзасоколскествари,бр.2(новембар,1907):27–28.

26. „СрпскиСокоуБањојЛуци.“СрпскиСоко‐листзасоколскествари,бр.1(октобар,1909):68.

27. „СрпскиСокоуБањојЛуци.“СрпскиСоко‐листзасоколскествари,бр.1(децембар,1910):10.

28. „СрпскиСокоуБањојЛуци.“СрпскиСоко‐листзасоколскествари,бр.4(новембар,1909):82.

29. „СрпскиСокоуБањојЛуци.“СрпскиСоко‐листзасоколскествари,бр.4(март,1911):59.

30. „СрпскиСокоуБањојЛуци.“СрпскиСоко‐листзасоколскествари,бр.7(фебруар,1910):136–137.

31. „СрпскиСокоуБањојЛуци.“СрпскиСоко‐листзасоколскествари,бр.12(јун,1909):195–196.


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32. „СрпскиСокоуПриједору.“СрпскиСоко‐листзасоколскествари,бр.6(јануар,1910):114.

33. Ćurić,Hajrudin.Istorija„Srpskogsokola“uSarajevu.Sarajevo:„Bosanskapošta“,1940.

34. Ćurić, Hajrudin. „Kako je ukinuta Srpska sokolska župa bosansko –hercegovačka.“PrilozizaistorijufizičkekultureuBosniiHercegovini,br.4(1971):1–10.

35. Ćurić, Hajrudin. „Počeci moderne gimnastike u Bosni i Hercegovini.“Priloziza istoriju fizičkekultureuBosni iHercegovini,br.5(1972):1–24.

36. Ćurić,Hajrudin.PrvosrpskosokolskodruštvouSarajevu(1905–1919).Sarajevo:Zavodzafizičkukulturu,1975.

37. Ćurić, Hajrudin. „Srpska sokolska župa bosansko – hercegovačka.“PrilozizaistorijufizičkekultureuBosniiHercegovini,br.1(1968):3–9.

СЕРБСКОЕСОКОЛЬСКОЕОБЩЕСТВОВБАНЯ‐ЛУКЕ

РЕЗЮМЕ

Соколское движение появилось в Чехии в 1862 году как новый способфизической подготовки, в рамках сопротивления чешского народа австро‐венгерской власти. Хотя идеология Сокольства появилась в Боснии иГерцеговине в 1893 году, первое сербское гимнастическое сообществоосновано в середине 1904. года в Мостаре. Сербское соколское общество вБаня‐Луке былооснованов середине1907года,иегоработапродолжаласьиюля вплоть до 1914. года, когда все соколские общества в Боснии иГерцеговинебылираспущены.ВэтотпериодсербскиеСоколыизБаня‐ЛукииграливажнуюрольврасширенииСокольствовБоснии.

В данном исследовании использован исторический метод. ПредметомисследованиябылараспространениеСоколидейврайонеБаня‐Луки,ацельосветление и попитка не передать забвению становление Сербскогосоколского общества в Баня‐Луке в конце июля 1914. года, и изучить егозначениедляраспространенияСокольствовБосниииГерцеговине.

Ключевыеслова:Сокольство,Соколы,явныевступления,сокольскоеобщество


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СРПСКОСОКОЛСКОДРУШТВОУБАЊОЈЛУЦИ

САЖЕТАК

СоколскипокретсејавиоуЧешкој1862.годинекаоновиначинтјелесногвјежбањау склопуотпорачешкогнародапремааустроугарскојвласти.ИакосеуБоснииХерцеговинисоколскаидејапојавила1893. године,првосрпскогимнастичко друштво „Обилић“ је основано тек 1904. године у Мостару.СрпскосоколскодруштвоуБањојЛуцијеоснованосредином1907.годинеирадилоjeсведојула1914.кадасураспуштенасвасоколскадруштвауБоснииХерцеговини. У том периоду српски соколи из Бање Луке су имали великуулогууразвојусоколствауБосни.

У истраживању je кориштен историјски метод. Предмет истраживања јеразвојсоколстванапросторуБањеЛуке,ациљдасерасвијетлииотргнеодзабораванастанакирадсрпскогсоколскогдруштвауБањојЛуцидокрајајула1914. године и да се истражи његов значај за развој соколства у Босни иХерцеговини.

Кључнеријечи:соколство,соколи,јавневјежбе,слетови,соколскодруштво

Documents

THE SERBIAN SOKOL CLUB IN BANJA LUKA · Babić, Mića Baslać and others7, and even Petar Kočić, a writer, found himself among founders of The Serbian Soko in 1907.8 In those times,