THE SERBIAN RADON MAPPING PROJECT: OVERVIEW, STATUS, FURTHER PLANS

1 ECE Lab., Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia2 Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz German Federal Office for Radiation Protection div. SW 1.1, Germany

3 Italian National Institute of Health, Italy4Economic Association for Production, Processing and Transport, Kolubara Mining Basen Ltd., Lazrevac, Serbia

5 Public Company Nuclear Facilities of Serbia, Serbia6 Low-Background Laboratory for Nuclear Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Serbia

7 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, TFYR of Macedonia,

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

Žunić, Z. S.1, Bossew, P.2, Carpentieri C.3, Veselinović, N.1,Tollefsen T.,Radanović, S.4, Čuknić, O.5, Udovičić, V.6, Filipović J.1, Ujic P.1, Stojanovska Z.7,Celikovic I.1, Bochicchio, F.3

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

Beginning of the study

Radon project objectivites:

• Determination of national geographical distribution of indoor radon

• Corelation with geology and building characteristic

• Identification/prediction of high exposure situations

• Development of appropriate remedial/preventative measures

• To improve public perception of environmental radioactivity

Period I-HOUSES: Overview 1997-20081.1997-1999 (Kalna (Rn),Gornja Stubla (Rn & Tn), Montenegro

Adriatric Coast (Rn);2.2003-2007 (Bujanovac, Zlatibor, Han Pijesak, Hydrometereological

stations, Niska Banja, Obrenovac (Rn & Tn)

Period II-HOUSES AND SCHOOLS: Overview 2007-20111.2007-2011 (Houses of North Kosovo, Central Kosovo and Prizren

region (Rn & Tn))2.2008-2010 (Schools in Pčinjski district, Jablanički district and

Zaječarski district (Rn & Tn))

Period III-HOUSES: Current status and further plans 2009-2012

1.2011-2012 Current project - Houses of Sokobanja (Rn & Tn, Rn/Tn progeny), ONION model

2.2009-2012 Houses of Kosovo3.Integration of Serbian data into the European indoor Radon map

Periods of investigation:

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

ECE Lab, transfered from NIRS (Chiba, Japan) and founded at Vinca Institute,

March 17, 2003

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

I ECE workshop, ’’Promotion of ECE Lab’’,

2003, Belgrade

II ECE workshop,’’The new perspectives for thoron

survey and dosimetry’’,2005, Niška Banja, South Serbia

ECE history

III ECE workshop’’First Results of the Serbian Radon

(Risk Mapping) Survey ’’,2010, Beograd and Sokobanja

IV ECE workshop’’Status of work related to radon in Serbia:

ongoing projects, international collaboration and plans’’,2011, Kragujevac, Central Serbia

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

DETECTORSType of detector

Radio-nuclide Origin Used in

period:

UFO Rn/Tn Chiba,Japan

•1998.-1999.•2003. - 2007.

RADUET Rn/Tn Chiba,Japan •2005.-2012.

CR-39 ISS Rn ISS,

Italy •2008.-2012.

Rn/Tn progeny

Rn/Tn progeny

BABHA Center,India

•2010.-2012.

RADUET

CR-39

Rn/Tn progeny

UFO

Period I: 1997-2003-2007Nine field locations: (Rn or Rn&Tn) with Number of houses

Field site Radio-nuclide

Number of

housesKalna Rn 75

Montenegro Adriatic Coast Rn 78

Gornja Stubla Rn&Tn 65Bujanovac Rn&Tn 16

Zlatibor Rn&Tn 12Han Pjesak Rn&Tn 39

Hydro Meteorological Station (HMS)

Rn&Tn 24

Niška Banja Rn&Tn 65Obrenovac (TENTB) Rn&Tn 19

Total 393

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

Investigated areas since 1997 to 1999 (Rn)

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

High Thoron and High Radon: Gornja Stubla (Kosovo)

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

EED Radon

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

MIN AR. MEAN MAX

Concentration (Bq m-3)

Eff.

Equ.

Dos

e

(mSv

yr -

1 )

Han Pijesak

HMS

Bujanovac

Zlatibor

TENT B

Niška Banja

Gornja Stubla

Radon effective equvalent dosesin investigated rural Balkan communities

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

Investigated areas since 1997 to 2007 (Rn&Tn)

Thoron effective equvalent dosesin investigated rural Balkan communities

EED Thoron

05

101520253035

MIN AR. MEAN MAX

Concentration (Bq m-3)

Eff.

Equ.

Dos

e. (m

Sv y

r -1)

Han Pijesak

HMS

Bujanovac

Zlatibor

TENT B

Niška Banja

Gornja Stubla

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

Investigated areas since 1997 to 2007 (Rn&Tn)

Radon issue in schools of Serbia – the activities from May 2008 to 2011-

FIELD ACTIVITY

ORGANIZATION

CONTACTS

CONTRACTS

FIELD WORK

REPORTS

DETECTORS DELIVERY

LABORATORY WORK

RESULTS

MAPPING

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

II Administrative implementation

Logistical implementation

Preparation before field work in schools

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

I Design implementation• Contact with municipality: Rn

survey performed in exchange for logistic support

III Logistical implementation• Visiting of the area,

deployment/collection of detectors, informing local authorities about progress

• Select schools; In schools: select room; In room: select location.Communicate to teachers: purpose, method, how to treat the detectors, etc.

Protocol and database

Each site is represented by a file consisting of protocol (one for each visit) and data sheet.

Information on school and municipality:• School: construction year, construction type (building material), photo;• School: number of pupils and teachers;• Municipality: area and population of municipality, number of schools;• Administrative data and documents.

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

Field work in schools

The protocol includes for following data:• Site: district, municipality, village, name of

school;• GPS coordinates (map if aveilable)• Type of room, floor level, location of

detector in the room;• Date of detector deployment or collection;• Detector codes;• (observations, remarks).

Location of detectors in clasrooms

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

School building types in rural regions

Goločevac, community Trgovište

Blendija,community Sokobanja

Belut,community Bosilegrad

Kosančićcommunity Bojnik

Measurement technique

• Detectors: CR-39, supplied to Vinča institute by F. Bochiccio, Institut Superiore di Sanita, Rome

• Each school: ≥ 2 ground floor rooms, in each room 2 detectors.

Exposure ½ year, then a new pair of detectors.• Detector locations:1. Cupboards, shelves2. wall

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

District Community Number of schools

Number of detectors (exposed for 2 x 6

months)

Number of detectors (exposed for 12 months)

Missed detectors

Pčinjski

Preševo 32

2526 151 42

Bujanovac 39Trgovište 19

Bosilegrad 25Vranje 60

Vladičin Han 23Surdulica 18

Zaječarski Sokobanja 30

Jablanički

Medveđa 6Bojnik 19Lebane 26

Vlasotince 36Crna Trava 6

Total 339 2719

Number of used detectors in schools

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

Annual radon concentration Summary for each district

Region N schools

Average(Bq/m3)

StDev(Bq/m3)

StErr(Bq/m3)

Min(Bq/m3)

Max(Bq/m3)

Median(Bq/m3)

GM(Bq/m3) GSD

Zaječarski 26 87 45 9 37 202 73 78 1.6

Jablanički 91 93 46 5 17 289 86 84 1.6

Pčinjski 210  134  88 6 27 607 109   111   1.9

Total 327 119 78 4 17 607 97 100 1.8

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

Spatial estimate

FIRST RESULTS ON INDOOR RADON SURVEY IN SERBIAN SCHOOLS

980000 1000000 1020000 1040000 1060000 1080000 1100000 1120000

-560000

-540000

-520000

-500000

-480000

-460000

-440000

-420000

-400000

-380000

-360000

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

5

5.2

5.4

5.6

ln(C , Bq /m ³) G M (Bq/m ³)Sokobanja

Bojnik

M edved ja

Borsilegrad

Trgoviste

P resevo

220

270

180

150

120

100

80

60

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000

Lag D istance

0

0.1

0 .2

0 .3

0 .4

0 .5

0 .6

Var

iogr

am

D irection: 0 .0 To lerance: 90 .0Colum n N : ln (z)

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

REPRESENTATIVITY PROBLEMS

type 1: ca. 1900-1930

type 2: ca. a1960-1980

schools

new old

old

new

old

old

residential houses

comparable ?

If the measurement results shall represent the exposure of the population or spatial mean Rn:

• Is geographical distribution of schools representative for the local population or for the territory?

• Location of schools in villages?

• Types of school buildings vs. residental

buildings?

• Location of detectors witin classroom?

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

„Onion“ design

vicinity no. houses expected CI(p=0.05)

U1 6 houses 26%

U2 5+6 = 11 houses 21%

U3 4+5+6 = 15 houses 23%

schoolU1U2

approx. limitof town

U3 schoolU1U2

approx. limitof town

U3

schoolU1

U2

approx. limitof town

U3

schoolU1

U2

approx. limitof town

U3

3 zones:1) circle, area = 1 km²2) circle, area = 2 km²3) whole town

confidence interval of estimated mean, based on

spatial variability model

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

First results – houses in Sokobanja

n AM SD CV GM GSD ACC(%)

Čitluk 7 68.1 30.7 0.45 61.5 1.67 18

Bogdinac 5 28.0 27.6 0.99 17.5 3.31 188

Trubarevac 7 80.0 59.4 0.74 63.8 2.04 37

Sokobanja 2 32.0 21.2 0.66 28.3 2.05 83

Resnik 6 39.8 38.9 0.98 30.0 2.13 47

Jošanica 7 51.3 64.0 1.25 27.9 3.15 127

Žučkovac 4 28.3 12.4 0.44 26.3 1.54 17

Beli Potok 5 27.6 12.8 0.46 25.4 1.57 16

mean CV = 0.75very high!!expected 0.55

Summary statistics(Hale formula)

should be below ca. 20-25%

for now:all values used: ground floor, first floor

distributions appearneither normal nor lognormal

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

Integration Serbian data into the European indoor Radon map - current status

altogether ca. 800,000 measurements used.

INFORMATION OF THE RESEARCH PROJECT CYCLE 2011-2014

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE REGARDING RADON RISK MAPPING IN SERBIA:

41028: AN INTEGRAL STUDY TO IDENTIFY THE REGIONAL GENETIC AND ENVIROMENTAL RISK

FACTORS FOR THE COMMON NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN THE HUMAN POPULATION OF

SERBIA

43002: BIOSENSING TECHNOLOGY AND GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR THE CONTINUOS RESEARCH AND

INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF THE ECOSYSTEMS

RAD2012, Niš, 25.04.-27.04.2012

Conclusion1. To identified high radon zone2. High radon and high thoron – Gornja Stubla3. Simultaneously exposure of diferent detectors4. ONION model – testing5. Integration Serbian data into EU Atlas of NR6. International colaboration