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THE SECOND WORLD WARDAY ONE – FASCISM AS A POLITICAL RELIGION
Class ObjectivesI. Understand the course of events that launched Mussolini and Hitler to power.
II. Understand the political concept of Fascism (I/FWP).
III. Understand how Fascism subsequently functions as a political religion.
Start with a QuestionQuestion: What caused the Second World War?
Proximate Answer: Invasion of Poland in 1939
Ultimate Answer: Social unrest resulting from the aftermath from the Great War that fostered far-right ideologies against a worldwide economic crisis
Aftermath of the Great WarWorldwide economic depression
Social unrest in Europe
Italy – thrown aside after the Great War◦ Unemployed Veterans
◦ Unstable Royal Government
◦ Fear of Communism
◦ Rise of the Fascist Party (Blackshirts)
Mussolini Comes to PowerFascist Party founded in 1919, after the Great War
Appealed to common fears and desires◦ Reject class warfare
◦ Desire for greater meaning
◦ Offered direct alternative to Communists
Blackshirts – Squadrismo enforcers
October 27-28, 1922 – March on Rome◦ King Vittorio Emanuele III assents, averting civil war
1925 – Il Duce
The Platform of the Nationalist Fascist Party (Nov. 7-10, 1921)Fundamental Elements◦ Individuals are merely transient
◦ National Society is predominant
Foreign Policy◦ Historical and geographical precedent – Rome
◦ “Italian-ness” must be diffused throughout the world
Fiscal Policy◦ Broad appeal to economic hardship
Social Policy◦ Focus is on state
Cultural PhilosophyCULTURE
Ideas
Folkways
Work
Place
FASCIST CULTURE
Folkways
Ideas
Work
Place
Political Religion UnpackedThink of a rock concert.◦ What do you experience?
◦ What feelings emerge when surrounded by people all there for the same purpose?
◦ How does music appeal to you emotions?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_Ev4mtH930
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S_Ev4mtH930
Total EnculturationThe Social and Political Doctrine of Fascism (1932)◦ Individual is “Nation and Fatherland”
◦ “Completely Spiritual Existence”
◦ “Religious Conception”
◦ Response to Socialism and Marxism◦ Everything is the state, and has no value outside it.
◦ Stability in the midst of chaos
◦ Solidarity of the Church◦ Faith of Fascism, United with God
Total EnculturationThe Fascist Decalogues (1928, 1936, 1942)
The Fascist Family (1937)◦ Understanding that family is the
nucleus of society
◦ Critical for society to function – also critical to control it
Fashioning off MussoliniNationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party – Nazi Party founded 1919
Failure of Weimar Republic◦ Versailles reparations
November 8, 1923 - Beer Hall Putsch◦ Hitler attempts to take control of government in Munich
Renewed economic crisis in 1929◦ Nazis take 100 seats in Reichstag
1932 – Hitler elected Chancellor
1933 – Day of Potsdam SA - Brownshirts
Nazi PropogandaCharisma of Hitler’s Speeches
Massive Party Rallies –Nuremberg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ceLnMT0rps
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ceLnMT0rps
Image 1What do you see? (What is the image’s subject)
What ideas or feelings does this image invoke?
What is the purpose of the artist?
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