THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA

I. BEFORE THE AGE OF IMPERIALISMA. EUROPEANS WERE FAMILIAR

WITH SOUTHERN AFRICA & THE WESTERN COAST.

B. EUROPEAN TRAVEL INTO AFRICA’S INTERIOR WAS VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE

C. OVERTIME ADVANCEMENTS DUE TO INDUSTRY WOULD MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO VENTURE INTO AFRICA’S INTERIOR.

D. THE TALE OF LIVINGSTONE & STANLEY SPARKS INTEREST IN AFRICA’S INTERIOR.

II. THE BERLIN CONFERENCEA. WHY, & WHEN?

IN ORDER TO AVOID WAR, THE MAJOR EUROPEAN NATIONS MET IN 1884-85, AND AGREED TO DIVIDE AFRICA UP AMONG THEMSELVES.

B. MAIN MOTIVE-THEY WANTED TO GET

THEIR HANDS ON AFRICA’S RAW MATERIALS FOR THEIR INDUSTRIES.C. WHO WASN’T

INVITED?THE AFRICANS

D. BY 1914-ALL OF AFRICA, EXCEPT FOR LIBERIA & ETHIOPIA HAD BEENTAKEN OVER

III. AFRICAN REACTION

A. IN MANY CASES THE AFRICANS

FOUGHT BACK IN AN ATTEMPT TO

STOP THE TAKE-OVER.

B. FAMOUS EXAMPLE-THE ZULUS FOUGHT THE BRITISHIN SOUTHERN AFRICA.

C. USUAL OUTCOME-THE EUROPEANS

WOULD DEFEAT THE AFRICANS BECAUSEOF THE NEW MACHINE GUNS THEY HAD.

IV. RULING THE COLONIES

A. DIRECT RULE-EUROPEAN OFFICALS TOLD THEAFRICANS WHAT THEY COULDOR COULDN’T DO.

B. INDIRECT RULE-THE EUROPEANS

ALLOWED LOCAL KINGS TO RULE, THEYJUST TOLD THE LOCAL KINGS WHAT THEY COULD OR COULDN’T DO.

C. HOW DID THE FRENCH DIFFER FROM THE BRITISH?THE FRENCH TRIED TO TURN THEIR AFRICANS “FRENCH” THROUGH ASSIMILATION, WHILE THE BRITISH FELT THE AFRICANS COULD NEVER BE “BRITISH” SO THEY DIDN’TTRY.

V. IMPACT OF EUROPEAN RULEA. AFRICANS WERE

FORCED TO DO LABOR, BY TAXES &

VIOLENCE.B. AFRICANS WERE FORCED TOGROW CASH CROPS INSTEAD OFFOOD CROPS.C. THE EUROPEANS OFTEN PITTED AFRICANS vs OTHER AFRICANS

VI. LEGACY OF COLONIAL RULEA. POSITIVE EFFECTS-IN SOME PLACES,

SCHOOLS &HOSPITALS WERE BUILT. THE EUROPEANS ALSO BUILT DAMS,RAILROADS, & TELEGRAPH LINES.

B. NEGATIVE EFFECTS--MILLIONS OF

AFRICANS DIED.-RELIANCE ON CASH CROPS ONLY LED TO FAMINE IN SOME AREAS.-NO MODERNIZATION WAS ALLOWED IN MOST AREAS.-AFRICA WAS ROBBED OF MUCH OF ITS RESOURCES.

-THE ARTIFICIAL BORDERS THE EUROPEANS CREATED LED TO CIVIL WARS WHEN THEY LEFT.

-THE EUROPEANS DID NOT HELP THE AFRICANS SET UP STABLE GOVERNMENTS WHEN THEY LEFT.