EQ: How did The Scientific Revolution change the way people
thought about the world?
Slide 4
What is the Scientific Revolution? The Scientific Revolution
developed as an result of the Renaissance. The same questioning
spirit that fueled the Renaissance led scientists to question
traditional beliefs and the Church about the workings of the
universe. It was a new way of thinking about the natural
world.
Slide 5
Before the Scientific Revolution Before 1500, the Bible and
Aristotle were the only authorities accepted as truth A geocentric
model of the universe, in which the Earth is at the center of the
universe, was supported during the Middle Ages
Slide 6
Causes of the Scientific Revolution Printing press spread new
ideas Age of Exploration fueled a great deal of scientific research
because of technology needed for navigation Translation of the
works of Muslim scholars opened the minds of European thinkers to
new scientific knowledge
Slide 7
New Ideas About the Universe Three scientists challenged
traditional theories about the universe and the idea that the Earth
was the center of the universe: Copernicus (mid-1500s) Galileo
Galilei (early 1600s) Isaac Newton (late 1600s)
Slide 8
Remember Nicholas Copernicus? Up to the time of Copernicus,
people thought that there was a sort of crystal sphere the kept the
planets, moon, and stars in orbit around the Earth. Copernicus that
proposed the idea that the Earth revolved around the sun, and not
the other way around Copernicuss theory was that the sun was the
center of the Universe, not the Earth. Most scholars rejected
Copernicuss theory.
Slide 9
Galileo built a telescope and became the first man to use this
tool to study the moon and planets. What he saw made Galileo
believe Copernicus's idea that the Earth was not the center of the
universe. Galileo Galilei The Church punished him for his belief in
this idea. He was questioned by the Inquisition and forced to
confess that his ideas were wrong.
Slide 10
QUESTION: Answer in your notes, not out loud! Why would the
Church try to prevent this idea from becoming popular?
Slide 11
Question: If you drop a baseball and a bowling ball off a ten
story building, which one will hit the ground first?
Slide 12
Galileo Galilei Galileo was an Italian mathematics teacher,
astronomer and physicist, and one of the first true scientists. He
used an experiment to test one of Aristotles theories. Galileos
Experiment: Finds objects of different weights will fall at the
same speed (in a vacuum). Aristotles theory: Heavier objects fall
faster than lighter ones
Slide 13
The Scientific Method This new method relied on experimentation
and observation rather than past authorities. It is still used by
scientists today.
Slide 14
Galileo Galilei Fun Facts (1564 - 1642) - He was one of the
first Europeans to build and use a telescope (he didnt invent it!)
- Galileo used a telescope to observe the moon, and saw craters.
This proved that the moon was not a perfect sphere hmm trouble - He
saw moons on Jupiter (thus we have the Galilean Moons of Jupiter) -
Aristotle didnt mention moons theyre they are!!!
Slide 15
Question: When something falls, why does it fall down? Why
doesnt it fall up or sideways?
Slide 16
Isaac Newton For every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction Isaac Newton
Slide 17
Newton OUCH !
Slide 18
Isaac Newton What does an apple have to do with gravity? Newton
was sitting in the shade of an apple tree when an apple fell
nearby. He began to wonder why apples always fall to the ground.
Why dont the fall sideways or up? Newton reasoned that the earth
must have a power that draws objects to it. This was the beginning
of the law of gravity and motion.
Slide 19
Newton (1642-1727) By the mid-1600s, the accomplishments of
Copernicus and Galileo had shattered the old views of astronomy and
physics. Isaac Newton brought it all together under a single theory
of motion.
Slide 20
Newtons discovery was that the same force ruled the motions of
the planets and all matter on earth and in space. Every object in
the universe attracts every other object. The strength of
attraction depends on the mass of the objects and the distance
between them. Law of Universal Gravitation
Slide 21
New Inventions of the Scientific Revolution Edward Jenner
introduced the first vaccine for smallpox. ( inoculation -
injecting a germ in the body to create an immunity ). Telescope
(1608, Dutch) A Dutch glass maker constructed a primitive
telescope. Galileo heard about it and improved on the design.
Microscope (1590s, Dutch) Barometer (early 1600s, Italian) -
measure air pressure Thermometer (1611) for chemical and medical
studies
Slide 22
Close - Answer the following: 1. How did the Scientific
Revolution Change the way people thought about the world? 2. Martin
Luther applied the questioning spirit of the Renaissance to
religion. Galileo and Newton applied the questioning spirit of the
Renaissance to science. Predict what else people might begin to
question in the years following the Renaissance. Explain how this
might impact Europe.
