The Scientific Revolution: Breakthroughs in Medicine and Chemistry

Galen – Greek physician who relied on animals for dissection

Andreas Vesalius – based on observations from dissecting human beings

William Harvey – added to Vesalius’s discoveries over the body Announced blood circulates

through the body

The Scientific Revolution: Breakthroughs in Medicine and Chemistry

Robert Hooke Discovered the first cell

Robert Boyle Alchemist – tried to transform metals into precious metals Believed earth was composed of four elements

Joseph Priestly Discovered the existence of oxygen

Antoine Lavoisier – founder of modern Chemistry Wife Marie translated scientific essays from English and

Latin Helped her husband learn more

The Scientific Revolution: Women and the Origins of Modern Science

Margaret Cavendish – prominent female scientist

Maria Winkelmann – astronomer Discovered a comet Could not get a position at the Berlin

Academy because she was a woman

The Scientific Revolution: Descartes and Reason Rene Descartes

French Philosopher Wrote about doubt and

confusion of 1600s “I think, therefore I am” Separation of mind and

body came from this principle

Called the father of modern rationalism—system of thought based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge.

The Scientific Revolution: The Scientific Method Scientific method – a

systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence

Developed by Francis Bacon

Scientists should use inductive reasoning Proceed from the particular to

the general