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Can you remember??? What experiments have you done in Science subjects since S1?
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The Scientific Method
Area 1: Belief and Science
Lesson Aim• To learn about the scientific method as a
source of human understanding
Can you remember???
• What experiments have you done in Science subjects since S1?
Magnesium
• Does anyone know where the word science comes from?
Science: Context• Science is from the Latin “scientia”, which
simply means knowledge
Science: Context• Science is from the Latin “scientia”, which
means knowledge
• The scientific method was first developed by Francis Bacon in the 17th Century
Francis Bacon
This outfit is nothing
compared to my curtains
• In his writings he proposed a theory of scientific knowledge based on observation and experiment that came to be known as the inductive method.
The Inductive Method
• The inductive method (also known as induction) is a type of reasoning that involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion.
The Inductive Method
• The inductive method (also known as induction) is a type of reasoning that involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion.
...for example...
The Inductive Method in Action
• 100 Dumbarton Academy pupils burned magnesium in a science experiment and it burned brightly. Therefore, all magnesium burns brightly
The Inductive Method in Action
• All ice I have ever touched has been cold. Therefore all ice is cold
The Inductive Method in Action
• One hundred snooker balls were struck with a cue, all of them moved. Therefore all snooker balls will move when struck with a cue
The Inductive Method
• The Inductive Method involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion
Specific Fact General Conclusion
100 Dumbarton pupils burned magnesium in a science experiment and it burned brightly.
Magnesium burns brightly
The Inductive Method
• The Inductive Method involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion
Specific Fact General Conclusion
All ice I have ever touched has
been cold
Ice is cold.
The Inductive Method
• The Inductive Method involves moving from a set of specific facts to a general conclusion
Specific Facts General Conclusion
One hundred snooker balls were struck with a cue, all of them moved.
Snooker balls will move
when struck with a cue
He demanded a planned procedure of investigating all things
natural
Francis Bacon is considered to
be the pioneer of what is known
as the scientific method
He had a religious faith but never
felt there was a clash between
science and religion
• So what exactly is this scientific method?
The Scientific Method
1. Observation2. Hypothesis3. Experiment4. Deduction5. Verification
The 5 Stages
The Scientific Method
1. Observation2. Hypothesis3. Experiment4. Deduction5. Verification
The 5 Stages
Look familiar??
Stage 1: ObservationStage 1 begins with
finding something in nature that you want to find an answer to.
Observation involves collecting information and data
Stage 2: HypothesisStage 2 involves making
an educated guess as to what may happen with your observations.
A hypothesis is when you 'predict' what may happen
Stage 3: ExperimentStage 3 is to have a controlled experiment which
will put your hypothesis to the test
Stage 4: DeductionStage 4 involves making
an informed judgement based on the results of your experiment.
The hypothesis is reviewed and a theory is developed
Stage 5: VerificationIn Stage 5, the results from the experiment may
support the hypothesis, which then becomes verified.
Or your hypothesis is proved to be false, in which case you start again.
Stage 5: Verification
Verification: confirmed as accurate or true by acceptable evidence
Falsification: to disprove a theory
The 5 Stages1. Observation2. Hypothesis3. Experiment4. Deduction5. Verification
Science: Further Info• Science cannot provide certain (100%) proof –
just the ‘best’ working theories based on the evidence that we have
Science: Further Info• Science cannot provide certain (100%) proof –
just the ‘best’ working theories based on the evidence that we have
• It is a trial and error process
Science: Further Info• Science cannot provide certain (100%) proof –
just the ‘best’ working theories based on the evidence that we have
• It is a trial and error process• Science allows us to systematically examine the
processes behind the natural world, and make predictions and laws regarding these.
Science: Further Info• Science cannot provide certain (100%) proof –
just the ‘best’ working theories based on the evidence that we have
• It is a trial and error process• Science allows us to systematically examine the
processes behind the natural world, and make predictions and laws regarding these.
• Science is a method used to understand the world, not a mountain of ‘facts’
The Scientific Method1. Observation2. Hypothesis3. Experiment4. Deduction5. Verification
Science is a method used to understand the world, not a mountain of ‘facts’
• Read and complete p54 of the Purple book