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The Russian Empire
Chapter 11 Section 2
Setting the Stage
• Byzantines– Traded w/ & sent missionaries to Slavic
regions– Cultural diffusion
• Result:– Russian Culture
• Blending Slavic & Greek culture
Geography
• Location:– West Ural Mountains – In-between 2 seas?
• Black Sea & Baltic Sea
– Modern Day Nations?• Ukraine & Russia
Geography• 3 Rivers:
– Dnieper, Don, Volga
• All 3– Slow moving– Interconnecting
• Result:– Highways
• Goods & ideas • Sometimes
– Armies & disease
Location
Early Inhabitants
• Slavic Tribes– Common culture– No pol. Unity
• 800s– Vikings = Rus
• Built forts along the rivers
– 1st unified territory? • Rurik Novgorod (842)
• Blended with the Slavic people– Over time adopted Slavic culture
The Vikings
Rus• Capital moved to Kiev (880)
– Dnieper River • Better access to
– Byzantine Empire– Via ____________ Sea
• Grew into principality– Small state ruled by a prince
Cathedral of St. Sophia
Vladimir (980)
• What do all politicians want?– Power
• What would help them control their people?– Unity
• What is the greatest unifier?– Religion
Vladimir
• Sent envoys out to observe the major religions– What are the major religions (4)?
• Failures:– Islam
• No alcohol or pork
– Judaism • loss of Jerusalem evidence abandoned by God
– Western Christianity • Churches no beauty
Vladimir
• Winner:– Eastern Christianity
• Why? – Splendor of Constantinople– God’s presence – Caesaropapism
Vladimir
Vladimir
• The Baptism of Vladimir
Viktor Vasnetsov (1890)
Result:• Vladimir & subjects converted
– Imported teachers • Instruct the people in the new faith
The Baptism of Kievans by Klavdy Lebedev
Yaroslav the Wise
Yaroslav the Wise
• Vladimir’s son• Achievements:
– Pol. Marriages forge trading alliances – Legal code– Built 1st library
• Not so wise– He ÷ his realm among his sons
• Fought amongst themselves
– Became new practice
Decline
• Yaroslav’s succession policy
• Crusades disrupted trade
• Mongols– From the steppes of Asia
• Swept into Europe
– 1240 Batu Khan (Genghis’ grandson) • Sacked Kiev
– Ruled southern Russia = 200 yrs.
Mongols
• Khanate of the Golden Horde– K = kingdom– G = Royal Color of the Mongols– H = camp
Russia Under Mongol Rule
• 2 demands– Absolute obedience & heavy tribute
• Russians could follow their customs– Practice their religion
• Russian nobles cooperated w/ Mongols– Crushed revolts & collected taxes
• Isolated – Little access to new ideas & inventions
Moscow
• Founded 12th century– 1156 crude village
• Strategic location – Near the 3 rivers– Control rivers = control European Russia
The Mongols
The Mongols
Moscow
Ivan I (1304-1340)
• Russian Noble• 1320s crushed R revolt against Mongols• Rewards:
– Tax collector of all Slavic lands – Title “grand prince”
• Result:– Most powerful & wealthiest Russian prince
• Patriarch moved city’s prestige & new ally
Ivan I & Successors
• Enlarged Moscow’s territory – Land purchases– Wars– Trickery– Shrewd marriages
Ivan III
Ivan III Tearing the Great KhanIvan III Tearing the Great Khan’’s Letter Requesting More s Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480Tribute in 1480
Ivan III (1440–1505)
• 43 yr reign (longest-reigning Russian ruler)• Took title Czar
– Caesar
• Goal: – Make Moscow 3rd Rome
• Refused to pay tribute (1480)– Battle of Ugra River (150 mi. SW of Moscow) – Neither side advanced
• Result:– Bloodless standoff = liberation