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The Russian Domain
Setting the Boundaries Landforms and Climate Historical Geography Population and Settlement Demographic and Health Crisis in Russia Geopolitical Framework Reminders: Exam III on Friday! For Next Class: Read Chapter 10!
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Images of Russia
Figure 9.0
Moscow: International business center
Kamchatka Peninsula
Figure 9.4
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Diverse Physical Landscapes
• European West
• Ural Mountains and Siberia– Taiga– Permafrost
• Russian Far East
• Caucasus and Transcaucasus
Northwestern Russia: Boreal Forest
Figure 9.1.1
Main Climate Types of Russia
Midlatitude Steppe (BSk) Cold Continental (D)
• Humid continental (Dfb/Dwb)• Subarctic (Dfc/Dfd, Dwc/Dwd) – brutally cold in
winter Tundra (ET)
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Agricultural RegionsFigure 9.9
Harsh climates and poor soils: limits agricultural productivity
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Diverse Landscapes
Figure 9.10
Ukraine: agriculturally productive land, wheat field
Caucasus Mountains: rugged borderlands
Figure 9.11
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Environmental Issues (cont’d)
Figure 9.7
Siberian lumber: forest destruction
Lake Baikal, Siberia: Industrial pollution
Figure 9.6
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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2014 Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia
Figure 9.2.1
Host of a “Green” Winter Olympic Games
Sochi Region: potential development damage
Figure 9.2.2
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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• Eastern Movement– Trans-Siberian RR– BAM RR
• Political Motives– Directed migration– Gulag Archipelago– Russification
Migration Figure 9.18
Figure 9.4.1
Chinese immigrants
Non-Russian immigrants
Demographic Crisis
When did the demographic and health crisis occur in Russia and what were the causes?
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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• Persistently declining population
• Low fertility rates
• High death rates
• Government incentives
Demographic Crisis
Figure 9.21
Population pyramids
Historical Geography of Russia Late 1400s – Russian Empire began to take shape Ivan the Terrible (1547-1584)
• Volga River basin, eastward into Siberia• Cossacks – group of semi-nomadic people helped eastward expansion
Peter the Great (1682-1725)• Moved capital to St. Petersburg on the Baltic Sea (known as a forward
capital), incorporated Estonia, expanded into Central Asia Catherine the Great (1762-1796)
• Expanded into Crimean Peninsula, Black Sea Coast, and Caucasus Mts 1800s – Russia continued to expand eastward, also conquered
Poles and Finns to the west• 1892 construction of Trans-Siberian railroad, annexation of Manchuria• Largest territorially contiguous empire in the world!
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Linguistic Diversity (cont’d)
Figure 9.26
Russians in Ukraine
Figure 9.28
Caucasus Region
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Cultural Diversity
Figure 9.30
Moscow Mosque
Figure 9.31
Ukrainian singing star