๑๕๓

In the 2011 flood disaster, the Wireless Mesh Network was able to capture the increased water level

at that period and broadcast the pictures to the public on website, with a record of almost 300,000 views in

a day. That was a proof of great achievement and indicated its vital role in providing real-time information,

which is necessary for decision-making in emergency situations.

At present, Office of The National Water and Flood Management Policy, the National Disaster Warning Center,

other public and private organizations, as well as the general public have been using this Wireless

Mesh Network of the Royal Irrigation Department for disaster monitoring and warning through real-time

video camera system. This is truly effective utilization of technologies.

The Royal Irrigation Department’s Seismic Stations

The Royal Irrigation Department has not only prepared for handling of water disasters or for relief

of floods and droughts, but also braced for future risk of earthquakes, which happens more frequently

in many parts of the world. The phenomenon raises a question on which level of earthquake that Thailand

is being at risk.

The Royal Irrigation Department is one among several organizations that has installed seismic measuring

devices on different purposes. The devices are used for tracking earthquake data each time it happens,

and using the data to calculate for seismic size and coefficient directed at the dam. If seismic coefficient

exceeds acceptable level of the dam, the department shall look for measures to prevent the dam from

earthquake disasters.

Currently, there are 13 active faults in Thailand, including Mae Chan Fault in Chiang Rai Province,

Mae Hong Son Fault in Mae Hong Son Province, Mae Tha Fault in Lamphun – Chiang Mai provinces,

Phayao Fault in Phayao Province, Thoen Fault in Lampang – Phrae provinces, Pua Fault in Nan Province,

Uttaradit Fault in Uttaradit Province, Moei Fault in Tak – Kamphaeng Phet provinces, Sri Sawat Fault in

Kanchanaburi – Suphan Buri provinces, the Three Pagodas Fault in Kanchanaburi Province, Tha Khek Fault

in Nakhon Phanom – Nong Khai provinces, Ranong Fault in Ranong Province, and Khlong Marui Fault in

Krabi – Surat Thani provinces.

The Royal Irrigation Department’s Office of Engineering Topographical and Geotechnical Survey has

already finished construction of 23 seismic stations, along with 25 installed seismographs. The operation is

organized into five seismic networks, covering areas surrounding medium-scale and large-scale dams of the

Royal Irrigation Department, by giving main priority to the dams located on active faults. They are :

Kaeng Sua Ten Seismic Network, covering areas surrounding Kaeng Sua Ten Dam, in Song District,

Phrae Province. The network consists of five seismic stations: the first and second stations are located at headwork

๑๕๕

of the dam, with accelerograph and tri-axial seismograph being installed.(ETNA and MYOM Stations)

At Doi Kiew Kaew Review Signal Station of the Telephone Organization of Thailand, in Chun District,

Phrae Province, the site was equipped with uniaxial seismograph. (KAEW Station) At Doi Mon Talai Non Review

Signal Station in Ngao District, Lampang Province, the uniaxial seismograph was installed. (MONT Station)

At Khao Ban Huai Tuem Review Signal Station in Ban Luang District, Nan Province, uniaxial seismograph

was installed. (HTUM Station).

Khwae Noi Dam Seismic Network, covering areas surrounding Khwae Noi Dam in Wat Bot District,

Phitsanulok Province. The network consists of five seismic stations. Station 1 and 2 at the headwork of

Kwae Noi Dam, they are equipped with accelerograph and tri-axial seismograph (KNOI and KKWN Stations).

At Khlong Khang Nai Reservoir Station in Khiri Mat District, Sukhothai Province, a uniaxial seismograph

was installed (KKKN Station). At Khlong Tron Reservoir Station in Nam Pad District, Uttaradit Province,

a uniaxial seismograph was installed (KKTN Station). Also, at Nam Khamun Hydro Power Station in Nakhon Thai

District, Phitsanulok Province, a uniaxial seismograph was installed (KNKM Station).

Tha Sae Dam Seismic Network, covering areas surrounding Tha Sae Dam in Tha Sae District, Chumphon

Province. The network consists of five seismic stations. Station 1 and 2 are located near Kuring Tambon

Administration Organization, Tha Sae District, Chumphon Province. The two stations are equipped with

accelerograph (TSKA Station) and tri-axial seismograph (TSKT Stations). Meanwhile, uniaxial seismographs

are installed at Khlong Ja Kra Reservoir Station in Tap Sakae District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province (TSJK Station),

Lam Chu Weir Operation and Maintenance Station in Bang Saphan Noi District, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province

(KKTN Station), and at Pak Chan Self-help Land in Kra Buri District, Ranong Province (KNKM Station).

Mae Suai Dam Seismic Network, covering areas surrounding Mae Suai Dam in Mae Suai District, Chiang Rai

Province. The network consists of four seismic stations, which include Mae Suai Dam Headwork Station

in Mae Suai District, Chiang Rai Province, where accelerograph and tri-axial seismograph were installed

(MSAC and MSMS Station); Mae Tak Reservoir Station in Wiang Chai District, Chiang Rai Province,

where uniaxial seismograph was installed (MSMT Station); Mae Talob Luang Reservoir Station in

Chaiprakarn District, Chiang Mai Province where uniaxial seismograph was installed (MSTL Station);

and Mae Kuang Dam Station in Doi Saket District, Chiang Mai Province, where uniaxial seismograph was also

installed (MSMK Station).

Mae Wong Dam Seismic Network, covering areas surrounding Mae Wong Dam in Mae Wong District,

Nakhon Sawan Province. The network consists of four seismic stations. One of them is Tap Salao Dam Station

in Lan Sak District, Uthai Thani Province where accelerograph and tri-axial seismograph were installed

(MWAC and MWTL Station). Meanwhile, uniaxial seismographs were installed at Huai Khun Kaew Reservoir

Station in Huai Khot District, Uthai Thani Province (MWHK Station), Khlong Nam Lai Reservoir Station in

Khlong Lan District, Kamphaeng Phet Province (MWKL Station), and at Uthai Thani Provincial Irrigation Station

in Muang District, Uthai Thani Province (MWRID Station).

๑๕๗

Mae Hong Son

Chiang Mai

Chiang Rai

LamphunLampang

Phayao Nan

Phrae

Sukhothai

Uttaradit

Phitsanulok

Kamphaeng Phet Phichit

LoeiNong Khai

Bueng Kan

Sakon Nakhon

Kalasin Mukdahan

Roi Et

Yasothon

Si Sa KetSurinBuri Ram

Nakhon RatchasimaLop Buri

Sing BuriAng Thong

SaraburiPhra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya

Nakhon SawanUthai Thani

Chai Nat

Kanchanaburi

Suphan Buri

BangkokChachoengsao

Chon Buri

Samut Prakan

Chumphon

Ranong

Surat Thani

Nakhon Si ThammaratKrabi

Trang Phatthalung

SongkhlaSatun Pattani

NarathiwatYala

Phuket

Phetchaburi

Ratchaburi

Samut SakhonSamut Songkhram

Rayong Chanthaburi

Trat

Royal Irrigation Department’s Seismic Network Areas Map

Sa Kaeo

Nakhon NayokPrachin Buri

Pathum Thani

Ubon Ratchathani

Amnat CharoenMaha Sarakham

Khon Kaen

ChaiyaphumPhetchabun

Nakhon PhanomUdon Thani

Nong Bua Lam PhuTak

Nonthaburi

Prachuap Khiri Khan

Kaeng Sua Ten Seismic Network, Song District, Phrae Province

Active Faults in Thailand

Khwae Noi Dam Seismic Network, Wat Bot District, Phitsanulok ProvinceTha Sae Dam Seismic Network, Tha Sae District, Chumphon ProvinceMae Saruay Dam Seismic Network, Mae Saruay District, Chiang Rai ProvinceMae Wong Dam Seismic Network, Mae Wong District, Nakhon Sawan ProvinceLam Pao Dam Seismic Network, Muang District, Kalasin ProvinceKhlong Lam Ru Yai Dam Seismic Network, Thai Muang District, Phang Nga Province

Khlong Marui Fault

Ranong Fault

The Three Pagodas Fault

Sri Sawat Fault

Moey Fault

Mae Hong Son Fault

Mae Chan Fault

Pua Fault

Tha Khek FaultUttaradit Fault

Phayao Fault

Thoen Fault

Mae Tha Fault

Phangnga

Nakhon Pathom

In 2013, the Royal Irrigation Department was given budget for installation of two more seismic station

networks, including areas surrounding Lam Pao Dam in Muang District, Kalasin Province and areas

surrounding Khlong Lam Ru Yai Dam in Thai Muang District, Phang Nga Province. The networks involve

installation of seismographs as in Mae Suai Dam and Mae Wong Dam Seismic Networks, to cover active

fault areas that may have impacts on medium-scale and large-scale dams all over the country. With all the

projects, Thailand will have altogether seven seismic measuring networks, with 35 seismic stations by the end

of fiscal year 2013.

Each station is also equipped with real-time seismic data telegraphic system via satellite and long-distance

calling systems for transmission of data to central receiver and quick analysis of each earthquake situation.

All these measures came through strong determination and devotion to work of the Royal Irrigation Department,

and it is the reason why the department has become the only one organization in all hearts when people are

recalling their endless efforts in water disaster relief and management , as it has been witnessed for 111 years.