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Tennessee SPIs
6.56 Compare/contrast the Titans with Olympian gods; explain the surrounding Greek mythology.6.66 Describe the characteristics of slavery under the Roman revolt; explain the slave revolt led by Spartacus.6.69 Describe the contributions of Roman civilization to law, literature, poetry, art, architecture, engineering, and technology. Include significance of Coliseum, Circus Maximus, roads, bridges, arches, arenas, baths, aqueducts, central heating, plumbing, and sanitation.6.70 Explain the spread and influence of Roman alphabet and Latin language; use of Latin as language of education; role of Latin and Greek in scientific/academic vocabulary.6.71 Compare/contrast Roman and Greek gods/goddesses; Jupiter, Venus, Mars, Neptune, Saturn, Pluto, Hera and their inclusion in modern society.
Rome – The Empire’s Chief City
Largest city in the ancient world
By 1AD more than 1 million people
Emperor lived there
Carefully planned, laid out in a square
Forum; open market place & public square
How Romans Lived
Emperor – lived in a palace
Wealthy – lived in big houses in the hills;
marbled walls, tiled floors, running water
Most Romans were poor – no jobs, unskilled
laborers, lived in crowded, dirty, noisy
neighborhoods
“Bread and Circuses”
Offered by political leaders to gain support of
the poor
Circus Maximus – arena seating 150,000
people; chariot races held
Gladiators
Fight each other to the death Battle with wild animals Performed at the Coliseum Most were slaves, criminals, prisoners of war,
or poor Were admired for their skill and bravery
Roman Family
Heart of society Father had power to sell children into slavery,
or put to death Later times: wives gained legal rights, Romans
had more divorces/re-marrying Upper Class – Tutored at home; older boys
went away to school Poorer Romans – could not afford school
Roman Kids
Boys - became adults at age 15 worked for family business, joined army,
worked in governmentGirls – married around age 14 considered adults when married
Roman Women
not full citizens, had few rights (early Rome)
strong family influence
during Empire women had more rights
freedoms depended on husband’s wealth
those with less money had fewer freedoms
Rome & Slavery
part of Roman life; slave labor grew as
territory grew
conquered people taken prisoner, brought to
Rome, sold as slaves
by 100 BC, 40% of people in Italy were slaves
Slaves
worked in homes, on farms, mined, construction work
Greek slaves were educated; worked as doctors, teachers, artisans
life was miserable, worked long hours, punished severely
often rebelled
Spartacus
Gladiator; led slave rebellion
force of 70,000
was defeated by Roman Army
killed in battle; 60,000 followers were
crucified
Religion
Gods protected the Empire
Greek gods/goddesses give Roman names
Homes had altars
Temples open to all public
Philosophy
adopted from Greeks
stoicism: learning to live in a practical way
Romans allowed religious practices if they did
not threaten the government
Science
Galen (Greek) – introduced medical ideas to Rome
anatomy: study of body structure Ptolemy; studied/mapped stars & planets
motionRomans built roads, aqueducts, arches Roman numeral system still used today
Art & Architecture
Roman statues were realistic
arches used to create vaults (curved ceilings)
mastered use of concrete
Coliseum & Pantheon are some of most
famous architecture
Literature
Roman writers created their own style
honored gods, also made comedies about
them
praised military successes, also acknowledged
failures
Virgil
wrote the “Aeneid”, story of the founding of Rome
Horace wrote satires and odes
Livy & Tacitus wrote about Roman history
Theater & Language
attending plays was a favorite pastime
plays were part of religious
celebrations/national festivals