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THE ROLE OF STANDARDIZATION AND SAFETY
REGULATION RELATED TO DEVELOPMENT OF
DIMETHYL ETHER (DME) AS FUEL
Bambang Prasetya
BLUE PRINT NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY 2005 –2025
MAIN PROGRAM NO 11 : DEVELOPMENT AND COMMERCIALIZATION OF S & T FOR ENERGY
No 1. Development of S &T of Energy
Aplication of technology using double feedstock (Coal and Biomass)
Upgraded Brown Coal
Coal Liquefaction
Environmental friendly technology for energy
Integrated coal gasification
Development of energy alternatif for car
CNG for electrical power plant
Mini LNG
Utilization of LNG for transportation
Ocean technology
Dimethyl ether (DME)
Coal bed methane
Hidrate of natural gas
GROWTH OF ENERGY CONSUPTIOM
REVIEW OF BENEFICIAL POINTS OF DME
UTILIZATION AS FUEL
Application
Substitute of Diesel for transportation
Substitute of LPG for household
Can be used fuel for turbine
Energy value
Higher energy density than compressed natural gas
High Diesel engine efficiency
Enviroment
Low emissions CO2
No sulphur and nitrogen compounds (90% less NOx emissions)
DME is non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic and low toxicity
Handling
Can be transported and stored as a liquid at low temperatures.
No corrosive effect on metals
Chang, J. 2004, Boehman, A. EMS, J. Eberhardt, DEER 2002, Yotaro Ohno, 2008, IDA 2013)
DME Properties –
Comparison with Other Fuels Property DME Diesel Propane
Chemical Formula C2H6O C10.8 H18.7 C3H8
Molecular Weight 46.07 148.6 44.11
Critical Temperature- C 127 - 95.6
Boiling Point- C -24.9 71-193 -42.1
Vapor Pressure at 20 C-kg/m2 5.1 <0.01 8.4
Critical Pressure-bar 53.7 - 43
Liquid Viscosity- cP .15 2-4 .10
Liquid Density at 20 C-kg/m3 668 800-840 501
Bulk Modulus (N/m2) 6.37E+08 1.49E+09
Specific Density,gas 1.59 - 1.52
Solubility in H2O at 20 C g/l 70 Negligible .12
Lower Heating Value- kJ/kg 28430 42500 46360
Heat of vaporization- kJ/kg 20C 410 233 426
Explosion limit in air- vol% 3.4-17 1.0-6.0 2.1-9.4
Ignition temperature at 1 atm- C 235 250 470
Cetane Number 55-60 40-55 -
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378775305007846
Coal
Nature Gas
Petroleum
Residue/coke
Biomass
Biogas
SYNGAS
INTERMEDIATE
PRODUCT
FEEDSTOCK
FOR DME
PROCESS/
CONVERSION
(GAS-SOLID-LIQUID)
TO LIQUID UNIT
Gasification
Reforming
Steam Reforming
Partial Oxidation
SOLID TO LIQUID UNIT
Biotechnology based
proces
Yeast arming
fermentation based
biorefinery
Biomass
Lignocellulose
Agriculture/Plant
ation/Forest
PulpMill
Garbage
METHANOL
FUEL
PRODUCT
SCHEMATIC PROCES FOR DME AND ETHANOL
Important to substitute Diesel and Premium
DME
Glucose ETHANOL
Substitute Diesel
Substitute Premium
DME can be produced from a variety of abundant sources of renewable resources Biomass from by-product of agriculture,
plantation, municipal waste Waste from pulp and paper mills, sugar
cane, oil palm industry like EFB Plant dedicated for fuel crops
Advantage of climate condition in Indonesia : Very high photosynthesis which CO2
and H2O converted into biomass Biomass production at peat swamp HTI
20 ton per ha/year In some ecosystem can reach 40 ton per
ha per year
FEEDSTOCK FOR DME and POTENTIAL OF
TROPICAL HUMID CLIMATE
TIMBER ESTATE ON PEAT
SWAMP TIMBER ESTATE (HTI)
National Standardization Agency
- BSN Mission
Develop the Indonesian National Standard (SNI)
Develop application systems standards and conformity
assessment
Improve public perception and participation of
stakeholders in the field of standardization and
conformity assessment
Develop policies and legislation standardization and
conformity assessment
QUALITY TO SUPPORT COMPETITIVENESS OF NATIONAL PRODUCTS
STANDARDIZATION :
• Development
• Implementation
METROLOGY :
• Scientific
• Industry/applied
• Legal
CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT : •Accreditation •Certification •Testing •Inspection
Laws and Regulations
Cooperation, Socialization, Research and Development
National Standardization
THREE PILLAR NATIONAL QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURES
Authorities of Standard and Conformity
Assessment
National Standardization Agency (BSN)
Non Ministerial National Institutions and coordinated by of Ministry Reseach and
Technology
Responsible to development of national standardization system
Establishment by President Decree (KEPPRES) No 103, 2001
National Accreditation Committee (KAN):
Council which involved Industries Association, Academia,
Government)
Chaired by Ex officio of Chairman of BSN
President Decree No 78, 2001
National Standards Committee for Units of Measure (KSNSU)
Council which involved Research Center, Expert, University and government
Chaired by Ex officio of Chairman of BSN
President Decree No79 , 2001
Accreditation
Certification
• products • processes
Standards
Test laboratories
Metrology
• Calibration laboratories • Metrology in chemistry • Verification system
SSN (PP 102) NATIONAL QUALITY INFRASTRUCTURE INTERNATIONAL QI SYSTEM VALUE CHAIN
Ap
plic
able
to
all
pro
du
cts
and
pro
cess
es
e.g. IAF ILAC
PAC APLAC
ISO 17025
ISO, CODEX
ACCSQ
Comparison
measurements
Proficiency tests
BIPM
APMP
ISO Guide 62, 65, etc
traceability
ISO 9000,
ISO 14000,
HACCP, etc
Product certification
CE, GS, etc.
Reference materials
Callibration
Verifications
Inspections
Testing, analysis
Certificates
International standards
National standards
LSPro
Lab
DIAGRAM OF DEVELOMENT OF SNI
(Non Adoption)
SETTING UP OF
SNI STANDARD
DEV. PGR
NATIONAL
CON-
CENSUS
PUBLICA-
TION
MAINTE-
NANCE
PROPOSAL
SNI DEV.
PROGRAM
SELECTION
AND
DECISION VERIFICATION
DRAFTING OF
FINAL DOC DRAFTING
DRAFTING
PROCESS
NATIONAL
CONCENSUS
FACILITATION
AND
VERIFICATION
DECISION
AND
PUBLICATION
TECHNICAL
COMIMTTEE
MASTAND
(STD SOECIATY)
& TC
STAKE
HOLDER ANALYSIS OF
MARKET
NEEDS
FORMULATION
RE-
VIEW
ADOPTION OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARD (ISO, IEC, ASTM)
SETTING UP OF
SNI STANDARD
DEV. PGR
NATIONAL
CON-
CENSUS
PUBLICA-
TION
MAINTE-
NANCE
PROPOSAL
SNI DEV.
PROGRAM
SELECTION
AND
DECISION VERIFICATION
DRAFTING OF
FINAL DOC DRAFTING
DRAFTING
PROCESS
NATIONAL
CONCENSUS
FACILITATION
AND
VERIFICATION
DECISION
AND
PUBLICATION
TECHNICAL
COMIMTTEE
MASTAND
(STD SOECIATY)
& TC
STAKE
HOLDER ANALYSIS OF
MARKET
NEEDS
FORMULATION
RE-
VIEW
PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENT OF
INDONESIAN STANDARD
Based on Regulation PP 102 of 2000 :
Consensus-based, consensus on a draft standard among all stakeholders (stakeholders)
Based on scientific evidence, consensus on a draft standard which is based on scientific evidence.
Referring to the guidelines of ISO Development
In accordance with the WTO Code of good practice SNI development must meet
following principles:
Coherence
Development
dimension
Openess
Transparency
Consensus
and impartiality
Effectiveness
and relevance
STANDARDIZATION SCHEME OF PRUDUCT
INDUSTRY
STANDARD
Products CON-
FORMITY CONSUMER
Products Certification Institute
Products Certification
MARKET
COMPETENCY
ASSESMENT INSTITUTE
TESTING
ACREDITATION
LPK
MARKET
INSPECTION
MUTUAL RECOGNITION
(MLA/MRA) - KAN
ILAC MRA
(International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation)
Testing, Calibration and Inspection
PAC/IAF MLA
(Pacific Accreditation Cooperation/
International Accreditation Forum)
QMS, EMS,FSMS, Product
Certification
APLAC MRA
(Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation)
Testing, Calibration, Inspection, Medical Device
RECOGNITION OF KAN INTERNASIONAL ACREDITATION
ILAC / IAF
EA APLAC/PAC
IAAC SADCA IAF International Accreditation Forum
ILAC International laboratories accreditation cooperation
EA European co-operation for Accreditation
APLAC Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
PAC Pasific Acreditation Cooperation
IAAC Inter-American Accreditation Cooperation
SADCA Southern African Accreditation Cooperation
Status and forecasting –ISO standard
and possibility to adopt for national standard
International work for DME standard has started in 2007 in
subcommittee SC4 and SC5 of ISO/TC28.
The draft of the standard made by WG13 will change from a
Committee Draft (CD) to Draft of International Standard (DIS)) in
the second quarter of 2012 and the standard will be normally
published in 2013
The draft of the test-methods standards will change from CD to
DIS and WG14 expects the publishing of these standards in the first
half of the year 2014
For Domestic or regional market, Adoption of ISO standard will
start at the end of 2014 or 2015
ISO DEVELOPMENT STANDARD RELATED TO DME
ISO/DIS 16861 Petroleum products -- Fuels (class F) -- Specifications of Dimethylether (DME)
ISO/DIS 17196 Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels -- Determination of impurities -- Gas chromatographic method
ISO/DIS 17197 Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels -- Determination of water content -- Karl Fischer titration method
ISO/DIS 17198 Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels -- Determination of total sulfur, ultraviolet fluorescence method
ISO/DIS 17786 Dimethyl ether (DME) for fuels -- Determination of evaporation residues -- Mass analysis method
STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT FOR ISO STANDARD-1
STAGE SUBSTAGE
90
Decision Substages
00
Registration
20
Start of main
action
60
Completion of
main action
92
Repeat an earlier
phase
93
Repeat current
phase
98
Abandon
99
Proceed
00
Preliminary stage
00.00
Proposal for new
project received
00.20
Proposal for new
project under
review
00.60
Close of review
00.98
Proposal for new
project abandoned
00.99
Approval to ballot
proposal for new
project
10
Proposal stage
10.00
Proposal for new
project registered
10.20
New project
ballot initiated
10.60
Close of voting
10.92
Proposal returned
to submitter for
further definition
10.98
New project
rejected
10.99
New project
approved
20
Preparatory stage
20.00
New project
registered in
TC/SC work
programme
20.20
Working draft
(WD) study
initiated
20.60
Close of comment
period
20.98
Project deleted
20.99
WD approved for
registration as CD
30
Committee stage
30.00
Committee draft
(CD) registered
30.20
CD study/ballot
initiated
30.60
Close of voting/
comment period
30.92
CD referred back
to Working Group
30.98
Project deleted
30.99
CD approved for
registration as DIS
40
Enquiry stage
40.00
DIS registered
40.20
DIS ballot
initiated: 5 months
40.60
Close of voting
40.92
Full report
circulated: DIS
referred back to
TC or SC
40.93
Full report
circulated:
decision for new
DIS ballot
40.98
Project deleted
40.99
Full report
circulated: DIS
approved for
registration as
FDIS
50
Approval stage
50.00
FDIS registered
for formal
approval
50.20
FDIS ballot
initiated: 2 months.
Proof sent to
secretariat
50.60
Close of voting.
Proof returned by
secretariat
50.92
FDIS referred
back to TC or SC
50.98
Project deleted
50.99
FDIS approved for
publication
60
Publication stage
60.00
International
Standard under
publication
60.60
International
Standard
published
90
Review stage
90.20
International
Standard under
periodical review
90.60
Close of review
90.92
International
Standard to be
revised
90.93
International
Standard
confirmed
90.99
Withdrawal of
International
Standard proposed
by TC or SC
95
Withdrawal stage
95.20
Withdrawal ballot
initiated
95.60
Close of voting
95.92
Decision not to
withdraw
International
95.99
Withdrawal of
International
Standard
STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT FOR ISO STANDARD-2
SAFETY REGULATION USING STANDARD SNI
TECHNICAL REGULATION
VOLUNTARY
MANDATORY
IINDUSTRIES USE TO
INCREASE PRODUCT
PEFORMANCE
Diadopsi oleh Pemerintah
STANDARD
INDUSTRIES USE Fulfill REGULATION
SAFETY
HEALTH
ENVIROMENT
DYNAMIC OF THE
MARKET
VOLUNTARY
• Based on need of industry
• Certification and Accreditation for conformity assessment marking based
on Regulation KAN 403-2011,
• “Penilaian Kesesuaian – Ketentuan umum penggunaan tanda kesesuaian berbasis SNI dan/atau regulasi teknis”
• Certification used for guarantee and control of product quality at pre-market stage
• Market control by government
MANDATORY
• SNI related to safety, health, security and environment
• Based Regulation of: PSN 301 Tahun 2011, “Pedoman Pemberlakuan SNI secara Wajib”
• Mandatory scheme for local and import product
• Certification used for market inspection mechanism
• Controlling by Government sistem penomoran NRP/ NPB (Permendag No.14/M-DAG/PER/3/ 2007)
SNI aa-bbbb-cccc
LSPr-AA-IDN SNI aa-bbbb-cccc
NRP xxx-yyy-zzzzzz
SNI aa-bbbb-cccc
NPB xxx-yyy-zzzzzz
No Regulator
SNI FOR
MANDAATORY
PLANNED
Technical
Regulation
2013-2014
1. Ministry of Industry 84 79 *
2. Ministry of Marine and Fisheries 80 -
3. Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources 19 21
4. Ministry of Agriculture 1 4
5. BPOM (Drug and Food Regulation
Agency) 4 -
6. Ministry of Transportation 14 -
7. Ministry of Public Work 57 -
8. Ministry of Forestry - 1
Total 259 105
* 5 SNI April 2013 as mandatory
SAFETY OF DME – Basic Properties and Practical Records
DME (dimethyl ether) is a clean, colorless gas that is easy to liquefy and transport. It has remarkable potential for
increased use as an automotive fuel, for electric power generation, and in domestic applications such as heating
and cooking.
Ultra clean DME diesel fuel provides smokeless combustion, low CO2 and 90% less NOx emissions than
standard automotive fuels. DME is a colorless gas that is biodegradable, non-corrosive, and will not contaminate
soil or aquifers in the event of a leak.
Used for decades in the personal care industry (as a benign propellant in aerosols), DME has an excellent and
long-term safety record. DME is non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic and virtually non-toxic. Like other fuels,
DME is highly flammable but has proven to be extremely safe when handled properly.
DME is a multi-purpose fuel and chemical feedstock that can be used a wide variety of applications, from
automotive fuel and LPG substitute, to electric power generation and the production of olefins, synthesis gas and
hydrogen.
DME has been used for decades in the personal care industry (as a benign aerosol propellant), and is now
increasingly being exploited for use as a clean burning alternative to LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), diesel and
gasoline.
Like LPG, DME is gaseous at normal temperature and pressure, but changes to a liquid when subjected to
modest pressure or cooling. This easy liquefaction makes DME easy to transport and store.
This and other properties, including a high oxygen content, lack of sulfur or other noxious compounds, and ultra
clean combustion make DME a versatile and promising solution in the mixture of clean renewable and low-
carbon fuels under consideration worldwide.
Need : Safety in operations and handling for DME is imperative for consumers and for the
industry.
The IDA guidelines for Good Safety Practices aim to inform the stakeholders in the Dimethyl
Ether industry of the hazards at different stages of the distribution chain as well as
recommended good safety practices
Effective safety promotion starts by getting things right within the production facilities,
storage depot, bottling plant or transport system.
The importance of having an effective emergency management system when something does
go wrong, has been recognized for all kind of hazardous product for a long time.
The IDA guidelines for Good Safety Practices aim to inform the stakeholders in the Dimethyl
Ether industry of the hazards at different stages of the distribution chain as well as
recommended good safety practices
Effective safety promotion starts by getting things right within the production facilities,
storage depot, bottling plant or transport system.
oThe importance of having an effective emergency management system when something does
go wrong, has been recognized for all kind of hazardous product for a long time.
SAFETY OF DME – Handling and Application
The IDA guidelines for Good Safety Practices
The key responsibilities
The regulatory framework
The DME safety
The DME distribution chain
The trans-shipment terminal
The inland transportation
The bulk storage and handling
The cylinder filling and handling
The distribution in bulk
The consumer installation and usage
The safety managing
The emergency planning and response
• The hazard warning
and signs (UN
classification)
• A glossary of terms
• A list of references
and notably a list of
existing standards
and material safety
data sheet (MSDS)
CONCLUSION REMARK
Technology Development of DME open a broader diversification of fuel
especially for substitute of diesel fuel
Some advantages of DME compared to conventional fuel related to the
efficiency, environment, handling and other physical properties
Indonesia as tropical humid country, biomass will a important feedstock
for DME production, but also contribute to environmental conservation.
To ensure a domestic, regional and international market a
standardization will play an key driven factor.
Preparation of international standard conducted by ISO is on going and
will be published in coming year. Adoption of standard will be open for
country like Indonesia
For safety purpose, regulation and guideline of DME utilization will
contribute for successfully commercialization of DME