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THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE EMERGING AFRICAN UNIVERSITY. Sibry TAPSOBA (Ph.D) Manager – Education, Science and Technology Division African Development Bank University Leaders Forum Accra (Ghana) – 24 November 2008. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1
THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND THE ROLE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN THE EMERGING
AFRICAN UNIVERSITYAFRICAN UNIVERSITY
Sibry TAPSOBA (Ph.D)
Manager – Education, Science and Technology Division
African Development Bank
University Leaders ForumAccra (Ghana) – 24 November 2008
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Functions of the University: Model of the Functions of the University: Model of the Emerging African UniversityEmerging African University
RESEARCH – Science, Technology and Innovation
(Technology Catch-Up)
ECONOMIC GROWTH – Capital Flow (Link with
Productive Sectors of the Economy)
SERVICE – Application of Research (Social Development)
TEACHING – Skills Development (Education
and Training)
Institutions (MNCs, Govt., Markets, Dev. Agencies, Civil Society, etc.)
3
Functions of the University (1)Functions of the University (1)
TEACHING – Skills Development (Education
and Training): The world has evolved, but teaching in the African University
has remained “immaculate”
Institutions (MNCs, Govt., Markets, Dev. Agencies, Civil Society, etc.)
RESEARCH – Science, Technology and Innovation
(Technology Catch-Up)
SERVICE – Application of Research (Social Development)
ECONOMIC GROWTH – Capital Flow (Link with
Productive Sectors of the Economy)
4
Functions of the University (2)Functions of the University (2)
Institutions (MNCs, Govt., Markets, Dev. Agencies, Civil Society, etc.)
RESEARCH – Science, Technology and Innovation (Technology Catch-Up):
Transforming Raw Commodity/Natural Resources from a “Curse to a Blessing”
TEACHING – Skills Development (Education
and Training)
SERVICE – Application of Research (Social Development)
ECONOMIC GROWTH – Capital Flow (Link with
Productive Sectors of the Economy)
5
R&DR&D
SSA 48
North Africa 160
Latin America 261
Brazil 168
India 158
China 459
USA 4,103
Researchers per Million population
Source: World Bank, 2008
6
R&D Financed by Enterprises ($ per capita)R&D Financed by Enterprises ($ per capita)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
EA 1
EA 2
S A
sia
LAC
SSA 1
SSA 2
MEN
A
1985
1998
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Indu
stria
lized
Deve
lopi
ng19851998
Source: Sanjaya (2006)
7
Agriculture TechnologiesAgriculture Technologies
How can we compete in the Global Market with these tools? Research & Innovation are Key in all Development Sectors
Burkina FasoUSA
8
Skills, Measured by Tertiary Technical Enrolments Skills, Measured by Tertiary Technical Enrolments (per 1000 people)(per 1000 people)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8In
dust
rialize
d
E A
sia 1
E A
sia 2
LAC
S A
sia
SSA
MEN
A
1985
1998
Source: Sanjaya, 2006
9
Changing shares of global Changing shares of global manufacturing value added (MVA) manufacturing value added (MVA)
1980-2000 (%) 1980-2000 (%)
-1
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
E Asia S. Asia LAC MENA SSA
1980 1990 2000
Source: Sanjaya, 2006
10
Functions of the University (3)Functions of the University (3)
Institutions (MNCs, Govt., Markets, Dev. Agencies, Civil Society, etc.)
RESEARCH – Science, Technology and Innovation
(Technology Catch-Up)
TEACHING – Skills Development (Education
and Training)
SERVICE – Application of Research (Social Development): Daily Life Solutions
ECONOMIC GROWTH – Capital Flow (Link with
Productive Sectors of the Economy)
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Role of hi-tech products is more evident in the 50 fastest Role of hi-tech products is more evident in the 50 fastest growing exports over 1990-2000 (% shares)growing exports over 1990-2000 (% shares)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Primary Resource based Low technology Medium technology High technology
1990
2000
Source: Sanjaya, 2006
12
Developed World
Africa
Foreign Aid Received
4 billon US $ in Technical
Assistance + Brain Drain in Science and
Technology
13
Institutions (MNCs, Govt., Markets, Dev. Agencies, Civil Society, etc.)
Functions of the University (4)Functions of the University (4)RESEARCH – Science,
Technology and Innovation (Technology Catch-Up)
TEACHING – Skills Development (Education
and Training)
SERVICE – Application of Research (Social Development)
ECONOMIC GROWTH – Capital Flow (Link with the Productive Sectors of the Economy): Resources to
reduce Poverty
14
The Growth EvidenceThe Growth Evidence
Years1960 2005
Growth
Growth due mainly to Investment in Human Capital, Science and Technology Development
Growth due mainly to Exploitation of Raw Materials and Natural Resources
Ghana per capita
Korea per capita
$150
$16,291 (est. at $24,600 in 2007)
$512 (est. at $1,400 in 2007)
$100
15
Developing world FDI distribution Developing world FDI distribution Regional distribution of FDI inflows
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
E Asia 1
E Asia 2
S Asia
LAC
SSA
MENA
1993-7
1981-4
10 COUNTRIES GET 80% OF FDI IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: AND THEIR SHARE IS RISING OVER TIME
LARGE PART OF RECENT FDI, PARTICULARLY IN LAC, IS NOT IN MANUFACTURING OR EXPORT-ORIENTED ACTIVITIES: THE MAJOR EXCEPTION IS MEXICO
Source: Sanjaya, 2006
16
FDI as % gross domestic investment FDI as % gross domestic investment
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Sing
apor
e
Chin
a
Malay
sia
H Ko
ng
Philip
pine
s
Indo
nesia
Thail
and
Taiw
an
Kore
a
Indi
a
1980-85
1994-97
Source: Sanjaya, 2006
17
ADB PerspectiveADB Perspective
AfDB High Level Panel recommendations
Skills development as a key priority area
HEST Strategy
Centres of Excellence
Infrastructure
Linkages with Productive Sectors
Studies in Skills Mapping
Building the Knowledge Base of the Institution