The Role of Reputation:The Role of Reputation:

History, Status and Outlook of History, Status and Outlook of Romany and BasqueRomany and Basque

IntroductionIntroduction

Romany & BasqueRomany & Basque SimilaritiesSimilarities

• Mysterious HistoriesMysterious Histories• Plagued with poor Plagued with poor

reputationsreputations DifferencesDifferences

• Land ClaimsLand Claims• Economic StatusEconomic Status• State RecognitionState Recognition

RomanyRomany

History of the Roma PeopleHistory of the Roma People

Centuries ago the Roma migrated to Centuries ago the Roma migrated to Europe from Northern India.Europe from Northern India.

In the 18In the 18thth Century a linguistic link between Century a linguistic link between Romany and Sanskrit was discovered.Romany and Sanskrit was discovered.

Traveling musicians, blacksmiths, pot Traveling musicians, blacksmiths, pot menders, entertainers.menders, entertainers.

Highly persecuted throughout history.Highly persecuted throughout history. Stereotyped predominantly as thieves.Stereotyped predominantly as thieves.

Status of RomanyStatus of Romany

Approximately 1.5-4.5 Million speakersApproximately 1.5-4.5 Million speakers Many dialectsMany dialects

A collection of related languages that A collection of related languages that comprise all the members of a single genetic comprise all the members of a single genetic subgroup.subgroup.

No Official Status in EuropeNo Official Status in Europe Falls under the protection of the European Falls under the protection of the European

Charter for Regional or Minority Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Languages

Outlook of RomanyOutlook of Romany

Many do not identify Many do not identify themselves as Romathemselves as Roma

Traditional lifestyles Traditional lifestyles clash with modern clash with modern societiessocieties

BUT transnational BUT transnational organizations have organizations have emerged to promote emerged to promote the rights of the Roma the rights of the Roma and the preservation and the preservation of Romany.of Romany.

BasqueBasque

History of BasqueHistory of Basque

LanguageLanguage Isolate Isolate Languages of the Region were:Languages of the Region were:

LatinLatin French or Castilian SpanishFrench or Castilian Spanish

Basque Nationalist Movement began in Basque Nationalist Movement began in the middle of the 19the middle of the 19thth Century. Century.

In 1950s, the nationalism swelled into In 1950s, the nationalism swelled into separatism.separatism.

Status of BasqueStatus of Basque

A standardized Basque Grammar was published in A standardized Basque Grammar was published in 1968.1968.

Schools began using Basque as the primary Schools began using Basque as the primary language of instruction.language of instruction.

In 1982 Basque became one of the official In 1982 Basque became one of the official languages of the region.languages of the region.

There are approximately 600,000 speakers, There are approximately 600,000 speakers, primarily in Spain and France.primarily in Spain and France.

Basque is protected under the European Charter Basque is protected under the European Charter for Regional and Minority Languages.for Regional and Minority Languages.

Outlook of BasqueOutlook of Basque Strong associations of Strong associations of

language with culture and language with culture and nationalism.nationalism.

Today there are:Today there are: Daily newspapersDaily newspapers Websites and Institutes Websites and Institutes

promoting Basquepromoting Basque Study Abroad ProgramsStudy Abroad Programs Pop Music in BasquePop Music in Basque

Recently Basque gained Recently Basque gained recognition as a working recognition as a working language within the EU.language within the EU.

ConclusionConclusion Basque and Romany are endangered languages with very Basque and Romany are endangered languages with very

different statuses.different statuses. Basque’s advantages:Basque’s advantages:

Claim to land and standardized languageClaim to land and standardized language Strong nationalism associated with languageStrong nationalism associated with language Traditionally EuropeanTraditionally European Recognized and protected by Spain and the EURecognized and protected by Spain and the EU

Romany’s Advantages:Romany’s Advantages: Nomadic group with limited contact with outsidersNomadic group with limited contact with outsiders Over 1 million speakersOver 1 million speakers Recent enlargement of EU could be advantageousRecent enlargement of EU could be advantageous

At the current state, Basque has managed to overcome its At the current state, Basque has managed to overcome its image as terrorists and appears to have a much better image as terrorists and appears to have a much better chance for survival.chance for survival.

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